This study identifies and assesses the implications for community development in the Northwest Territories resulting from the structures and processes that have evolved from the Northwest Territories Northern Land Use Planning Program. Community development is described as a purposeful learning process whereby people identify their situation and plan and implement appropriate responses to it The original development strategies that have been applied to the Northwest Territories have been overwhelrningly modeled after the Western economic model, and have contributed to the dependency of northern communities upon government. Community development can help alleviate the powerlessness and economic and political dependency native northerners experience. Community development literature argues that any process leaving out those most affected by decisions will not lead to self-reliance. The Northern Land Use Planning Program was established as a "community-based" process to resolve land use conflicts; its 1983 Basis of Agreement mandated the sharing of authority to make land use plans between the native organizations, and the federal and territorial governments. The principle implication of the findings of this study is that although the Northern Land Use Planning Program is described as a community-based process, and has the potential and opportunity to develop structures and processes which contribute to community development in the Northwest Territories, it has done little to reduce dependency of communities on government. This is because the key elements of decision-making in the Northern Land Use Planning Program are held external to the communities. / Applied Science, Faculty of / Community and Regional Planning (SCARP), School of / Graduate

Water and sanitation services play an important role in protecting public health and facilitating community growth. However, the choice of technology has significant implications for the social, economic and political development and autonomy of the community. The purpose of this thesis is to analyse the objectives, process and content of planning water and sanitation services in communities in the Northwest Territories (N.W.T.). Relationships, issues and the decision making process are examined at the regional, local and infrastructure levels. Objectives for water and sanitation services are investigated to evaluate the link between knowledge and actions. Technical, economic and planning considerations are examined in the evaluation of policies and systems. Examination of objectives reveals that knowledge of relationships is insufficient to objectively establish a level of service policy or to select technology. Examination of water and sanitation planning in Native communities indicates that the N.W.T. Government establishes the objectives and criteria, conducts the planning studies, and is ultimately responsible for selecting, installing and operating the systems. Infrastructure planning is narrowly focused on the technical and economic considerations in the selection of technology. The values and perceptions of the Native people which the systems are meant to serve are neglected or downgraded. Examination of water and sanitation alternatives indicates that major factors in the evaluation of technology are water consumption, housing type, population, local employment opportunities, and self-reliance. Trucked water delivery and sewage pump out systems are an intermediate technology between rudimentary self-haul and sophisticated piped systems. Trucked systems provide high levels of service, flexibility and local employment and they facilitate local administrative, financial, political and physical control over community infrastructure. This thesis recommends that the N.W.T. Government devolve the resources, responsibility and authority for planning and managing water and sanitation services to the community level. The community should be the controller and the client in a planning process which emphasizes social learning and community development. The primary role of the N.W.T. Government should be to assist the people in assessing the conditions of their lives and community so that they can plan and alter these conditions for the better. / Applied Science, Faculty of / Community and Regional Planning (SCARP), School of / Graduate

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The general theme of the thesis is a broad examination of the nature and structure of the constitution of the Northwest Territories, including the relationship of the Territorial Government to the Federal Government and an examination of some possible future developments in the area.<p> Following a review of the constitutional history of the Northwest Territories and a summary of relevant legislation, past and present, Chapter Two contains an examination of the status of the Government of the Northwest Territories, concluding that it is a government in the true sense and not simply an agency of the Federal Government. It has powers similar to those exercised by the Provincial Governments but differs from them in its lack of responsible government and its continuing legal and practical domination by the Federal Government.<p> Some examination is made of the forces promoting change in the constitutional structure and status of the Territories. The two dominant forces examined are the existence of major non-renewable resources, particularly hydrocarbons, and the pressure for settlement of native land claims and native self-determination. An examination of the current law concerning control of natural resources and Federal Government policy statements indicates that the Federal Government has, and will endeavor to retain, virtually complete control over all non-renewable resources with a significant economic impact or national demand.<p> A general review of some of the proposals for the settlement of native claims leads to the conclusion that the claims will be settled in the same manner as previous claims by native people in Canada but will be coupled with changes in the governmental structures of the Territories, consistent with Canadian political traditions, designed to promote and guarantee the involvement of native people in government.<p> It is concluded that, for the most part, the constitution of the Northwest Territories will continue to evolve towards responsible government and full participation by the Territories as a member of the Confederation. That evolution will follow a pattern similar to that established by the development of the prairie provinces with the only significant differences being found in the role of native people in the political life of the community and the strengthened determination of the Federal Government to retain control of non-renewable resources for an indefinite period.

The general theme of the thesis is a broad examination of the nature and structure of the constitution of the Northwest Territories, including the relationship of the Territorial Government to the Federal Government and an examination of some possible future developments in the area.<p> Following a review of the constitutional history of the Northwest Territories and a summary of relevant legislation, past and present, Chapter Two contains an examination of the status of the Government of the Northwest Territories, concluding that it is a government in the true sense and not simply an agency of the Federal Government. It has powers similar to those exercised by the Provincial Governments but differs from them in its lack of responsible government and its continuing legal and practical domination by the Federal Government.<p> Some examination is made of the forces promoting change in the constitutional structure and status of the Territories. The two dominant forces examined are the existence of major non-renewable resources, particularly hydrocarbons, and the pressure for settlement of native land claims and native self-determination. An examination of the current law concerning control of natural resources and Federal Government policy statements indicates that the Federal Government has, and will endeavor to retain, virtually complete control over all non-renewable resources with a significant economic impact or national demand.<p> A general review of some of the proposals for the settlement of native claims leads to the conclusion that the claims will be settled in the same manner as previous claims by native people in Canada but will be coupled with changes in the governmental structures of the Territories, consistent with Canadian political traditions, designed to promote and guarantee the involvement of native people in government.<p> It is concluded that, for the most part, the constitution of the Northwest Territories will continue to evolve towards responsible government and full participation by the Territories as a member of the Confederation. That evolution will follow a pattern similar to that established by the development of the prairie provinces with the only significant differences being found in the role of native people in the political life of the community and the strengthened determination of the Federal Government to retain control of non-renewable resources for an indefinite period.

[...] Interest in the lake was stimulated by reports of Baffin Island Eskimos fishing 'giant' cod in the lake. Scientific studies were begun in 1951 when the M.V. 'Calanus' of the Fisheries Research Board of Canada was working in the Frobisher Bay area under the leadership of M.J. Dunbar. A one-day survey revealed a unique ecological situation, and subsequent investigations were made during the summer of 1952 when a two man party was landed there from the M.V. 'Calanus' for 36 days, and during the summers of 1957, 1962, and 1965 when more extensive studies were carried out by I.A. McLaren. The material for this thesis was collected during these expeditions. [...]

The purposes of the present study may be stated as follows : i. To present a logical chronological account of the physiographic development of Melville Peninsula. ii. To trace the major events of the Pleistocene glaciation and deglaciation in Melville peninsula. iii. To discuss the geomorphic processes which are active today in modifying the present surface configuration ofMelville Peninsula. iv. On the basis of the above discussion, to divide the peninsula into physiographic regions and to describe them systematically.

Primary plant succession was examined on the foreland of the retreating Twin Glacier at Alexandra Fjord, Ellesmere Island. The position of the glacial front was monitored directly from 1980 to 1995 (except 1986-1991), and airphotos show the position of the glacier in 1959. Hence, there was an excellent opportunity to study primary succession where there was adequate chronological control. Presently, a well preserved pre-Little Ice Age plant community and organically rich (paleo) soil are being released from the Twin Glacier, in addition to glacio-fluvial sediments, rendering this foreland study unique. A terrain age scheme was developed using direct retreat measurements, airphotos and Salix aging. The relationship between the clump diameters of Luzula confusa and terrain age was determined to provide an alternative to lichenometry. Vegetation cover was assessed in 1994 and 1995 using a stratified random design. TWINSPAN and canonical correspondence analysis (detrended and non-detrended) were used together to examine vegetation patterns in relation to environmental variables. Soil seed bank and seed rain patterns were examined in relation to the above-ground vegetation. The seed bank was sampled in 1994, including samples from paleo-soil and glacio-fluvial sediment. To assess the fall-winter seed rain, seeds were collected between mid-August 1994 and early June 1995, using seed traps (artificial turf). Winter seed rain was sampled by collecting snow-core samples in early June 1995. Terrain age accounted for most of the variation in species composition over the study area. By directional-replacement, the succession followed four main stages of dominance in 44+ years: mosses —> graminoid-forb —> deciduous shrub-moss —> evergreen dwarf-shrubmoss. There was little difference in the successional sequences exhibited by the vegetation growing on the paleo-soil compared to that growing on the glacio-fluvial sediment. The relationship between the Luzula confusa clump diameters and terrain age was logarithmic. Luzula confusa dominated the above-ground vegetation, as well as, the germinable seed bank and seed rain. The average germinable seed bank, fall-winter seed rain and winter seed rain densities were 367 ± 32, 384 ± 47 and 180 ± 53 seeds/m2, respectively. The seed bank was significantly positively correlated with the above-ground vegetation cover for all species combined, Luzula confusa (monocotyledons), dicotyledons and Papaver radicatum. There was a significant positive correlation between the fall-winter seed rain and the above-ground vegetation cover for Luzula confusa. No difference was detected in seed bank density between the paleo-soil and the glacio-fluvial sediment. However, the total vegetation cover was significantly higher on the paleo-soil. The relationship determined between Luzula confusa clump diameters and terrain age appears to be a valuable alternative to lichenometry on the Twin Glacier foreland. Although the results showed that directional-replacement is possible in high arctic environments, this mode of succession is likely atypical of such environments; the Twin Glacier foreland is located in one of the very few polar oases in the Queen Elizabeth Islands. The positive correlation of the above-ground vegetation with the seed bank and fall-winter seed rain suggests that colonization is largely constrained by seed availability. The winter seed rain appears to be relatively important on the Twin Glacier foreland. The higher vegetation cover on the paleosoil versus the glacio-fluvial sediment suggests, at least for some species, that the former provides conditions more favourable for establishment and growth than the latter.

The aim of this study was to investigate the cadmium (Cd) exposure level from traditional food in Fort Resolution, Northwest Territories. Cd concentration in the liver and kidney of caribou and moose exceeded the action level (1 $ mu$g/g) established by Agriculture Canada, but the frequencies of consumption of these foods were relatively low. Cd intakes from traditional food ranged from 0.01 to 1713 $ mu$g/day/person. Average Cd intakes from traditional food were estimated to be 10% and 6% of the Provisional Tolerable Weekly Intake (PTWI), 7 $ mu$g/kg body weight/person, for women and men, respectively. The major contributors to the total Cd intake on a population basis were moose liver for women, and flesh of moose and caribou for men. The average Cd inhaled from cigarette smoking was 21.1 $ pm$ 9.1 $ mu$g/day/person. Total Cd intakes from traditional food and smoking were estimated to be 24% and 20% of the PTWI for women and men, respectively. The total Cd intakes of smokers and nonsmokers were significantly different (p $<$ 0.001). The total Cd intake via market and traditional food, and cigarette smoking was 246.4 $ mu$g/week which was lower than the PTWI, 500 $ mu$g/week. Another objective of this study was to investigate an effect of food preparation on Cd speciation in food. (Abstract shortened by UMI.)

No description available.