Abstracts This is a low-margin era. Even in this situation, enterprises still need to get their profits.Likewise, this is a competitive times. Even in this critical moment, enterprises still cannot be obsolete behind the time. Enterprises have to earn their profits and survive in this crucial world by enhancing their competitiveness. What is ¡§competitiveness¡¨? We can simply define it as an ability to exceed the other rivals. Especially in this trend of globalization, networking, and technology, what a difficult for an enterprise to pursuit its prospects and set up an everlasting foundation. For recent 30 years, no one can deny that Taiwan is used to be a center of making. But, since 1997 the beginning of third glasnost in China,China already replaced the original Taiwan¡¥s global making role gradually. Just like the waves toward the east coast, from traditional to hi-tech industries all are shifted to Mainland China for investment. Obviously, Taiwan is no longer a fertile soil for production. If Taiwan¡¦ s existent firms cannot be upgraded to the higher managerial strategy, they are going to lose their competitiveness in worldwide markets. Nevertheless, is it easier to manage a firm in China than in Taiwan? Can we simply just adopt the same ways and old model used in Taiwan to manage the Chinese people? The answer is so plain; we can see some Taiwan businessmen retreated from China and South-east Asia for pool management. Most of outgoing Taiwan businesses is still making their main profits from production. However, a globalization enterprise equals to enter or even to activate the battlefield for the local and international opponents. Thus, the labor management needs to be localization per the native culture; take refer to the local environment to melt the culture and management together. It is to say, implementing the new managerial model becomes the first lesson for the outgoing enterprises. The case we studied here is a Taiwan businessman went to China for investment 3 years ago. Eventually, he realized that himself was behind his fellow companies. If he cannot make any changes for living, he will soon be superannuated from the markets. Therefore, he aggressively makes a firm decision to utilize the New Production System (NPS) for promoting the competence of production, and finally achieve his goal at the end. The purposes of this research are meant to reach the following targets: 1. To introduce the characteristics, contents, the processes and result of NPS for necessary enterprises. 2. To induce the supplemental tools of NPS: the design, application and administration of performance rewards. Meanwhile, to prove the efficacy of these implements. 3. The insufficiency of this study may lead to further discussion and research for scholastic academia 4. Thru the conclusion we made per this study, we can firmly verify the NPS and performance rewards; these managerial tools can stimulate the spark of innovational management. (P. 60 conclusion). This study derives the ideas from the local and foreign papers to set up the conceptual structure for NPS. 1. The trend from the mass production to elastic production. 2. Organizational change-----the necessity of organizational re-structuring. 3. The compliant implications of efficiency between the individual and team performance rewards, then focus on the real case study. In the case study, we describe the history of this company, the globalization background and the office culture in China. At the same time, we also mention the layout of NPS, the momentum to drive the project, the result of outcomes, the faced problems, and the factors for success in details. To sum up, we can briefly induce 4 points as our ending from this study: 1. NPS forms the aggressiveness, responsibility, open, cooperation, and well communication in organizational ¡§character¡§. Also, the human is the center idea of the enterprise culture as well. 2. From the aspect of production, NPS get a rather positive influence on product quality, production circle, field management and the staff stability. 3. Sound and equal rewards system should combine reasonable calculation and evaluation system for assessing individual and group efficiency. If valued rewards are used to motivate, they can result in the exertion of effort to achieve high levels of performance. 4. NPS is a useful managerial tool and production technology for all shapes and sizes in the varied industries. .

This study uses the combination of block copolymer and metal nanoparticles to array ordered structure and specific physical properties such as optics, electricity and magnetism. In this first part, 2-phenylethanethiol was used as the monolayer-protected gold nanoparticles (nps) and dispersed in block copolymer PS-b-PB-E thin film. Two different methods are compared, the first method was PS-b-PB-E thin film by partial crosslinked treatment then the 2-phenylethanethiol of monolayer-protected gold nanoparticles soaked into PS-b-PB-E thin film. The second method was blended gold nps within PS-b-PB-E directly. We found that the first method was better than second method which had arrangement dispersedly. The analyses of UV-VIS, TEM, and SAXS measurement are able to provide the positive evidence to characterize the dispersion of gold nps in diblock copolymer thin film. In the second part, we design to manufacture the multi-nanoholes golden electrode, which has many application in catalysis, selective transit function and fuel cell electrode. We use the PS-b-PB-E copolymer as the spherical micelle, which is the templates and then micelle surface reaction in mercaptane (S-H) function. Gold nps will use the exchange stabilizing ligands method in the micelle surface layer, and the porous gold electrode material by way of the heat treatment step.

Ces travaux de thèse sont dédiés à l’élaboration, la caractérisation et l’application des nanoparticules de silice mésoporeuse (MSNs) et d’organosilice (PMOs). Ces nanomatériaux qui font l’objet d’un grand intérêt dans la communauté scientifique, présentent des propriétés intéressantes telles que: une surface spécifique élevée, le contrôle de la morphologie, la porosité ajustable et enfin la facilité de fonctionnalisation de leur surface par des groupes fonctionnels. Dans cette thèse, deux familles de nanoparticules ont été étudiées : les nanoparticles de silice mésoporeuse (MSNs) et les nanoparticules d’organosilice.Premièrement, les MSNs synthétisées avec une taille de 200 nm et une surface spécifique de 810 m2/g ont été fonctionnalisées d’une manière covalente avec des antioxydants, un polyphénol l’acide caféique (CAF) qui est lié par sa fonction acide (-COOH) à une fonction amine (préalablement greffée sur la silice), ou un flavonoïde la ruine (RUT) qui est liée par l’isocianatopropylthrietoxysilane comme intermédiaire silicique. Les antioxydants ont été greffés afin de diminuer le stress oxydant. Les effets cellulaires sont étudiés sur deux lignées, une lignée de cellules issues d’un carcinome colo-rectal (lignée Caco-2) et une lignée tumorale de la peau (lignée HaCaT).Dans une deuxième partie, nous avons étudié l’influence de l’ajout d’un co-solvant «éthanol» au cours de la synthèse sur la morphologie des nanoparticules de silice mésoporeuse qui entraine la formation de nanoparticules de forme bâtonnet (MSNR) ainsi que le changement de structure de la poosité. Par la suite, les NPs de forme sphérique MSNA et les NPs de forme bâtonnet MSNR ont été chargées par la doxorubicine (DOX) et testées in vitro sur des cellules MCF-7.De plus, les synthèses de nanoparticules d’organosilice ont été réalisées. Ces nanomatériaux sont exclusivement synthétisés à partir de bis (3-méthoxysilyl propyl) -N-méthylamine et bis (triéthoxysilylpropyl) amine. Tout d'abord, la synthèse des NPs d’organosilice à cavité (HPONP) est decrite. Les HPONP ont été utilisés alors pour la délivrance de méthotrexate dans des cellules MCF-7. Deuxièmement, la synthèse d'autres types de NP d’organosilice (HMONP) obtenus par condensation du précurseur de bis (3-méthoxysilyl propyl) -N-méthylaminea été étudiée. Afin d'élargir la cavité des NP, nous avons signalé l'utilisation de TEB comme agent gonflement conduisant à la synthèse des HMLONP à large cavité. La morphologie et les compositions des NP ont été complètement caractérisées par diverses techniques et la délivrance de pepstatine à partir de HMLONP est envisagée. Pour ajouter une biodégradabilité aux nanocarriers, des nanoparticules mixtes ont été synthétisées par condensation de la bis (3-méthoxysilyl) propylméthylamine et du bis [3-(triéthoxysilyl) propyl] disulfure. Différentes nanoplatformes ont été conçues et entièrement caractérisées. La biodégradabilité a été évaluée dans des conditions quasi physiologiques. En outre, la voie de synthèse a été modifiée pour concevoir des nanoparticules d'organosilice à base d'éthylène ou de porphyrine. Ces nanoparticules ont été testées in vitro avec des cellules de cancer du sein et utilisées pour la délivrance de méthotrexate et de gemcitabine monophosphate.Enfin, on a décrit les nanoparticules organosilice de type cœur coquille. La coquille de ces nanoparticules obtenue par condensation du bis- (triéthoxysilyl) éthane et du bis (3- (triéthoxysilyl) propyl) tétrasulfure. Ces nanoparticules biodégradables du fait des groupements tetrasulfure ont été testées in vitro avec des cellules de cancer du sein pour l'imagerie et la délivrance d’un anticancéreux. / This work is dedicated to the development, characterization and application of nanoparticles of mesoporous silica (MSNs) and organosilica (PMOs) nanoparicles. Silica nanoparticles became the subject of intense research worldwide for many reasons: their unique chemical and physical characteristics, high biocompatibility, various shapes ranging from spheres to rods with tunable diameter, easily functionalizable surface, and the ability to be used as a shell on different type of inorganic nanoparticles such as gold, iron oxide, lanthanide nanoparticles. In this dissertation mesoporous silica NPs and organosilica NPs have been designed, optimized and fully characterized. These two types of silica NPs have been applied for biological applications (drug delivery and bioimaging).First, mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSNs) were designed and were covalently coated with antioxidant molecules, namely, caffeic acid (MSN-CAF) or rutin (MSN-RUT), in order to diminish the impact of oxidative stress induced after transfection into cells. Two cellular models involved in the entry of nanoparticles in the body were used for this purpose: the intestinal Caco-2 and the epidermal HaCaT cell lines. Rutin gave the best results in terms of antioxidant capacities preservation during coupling procedures, cellular toxicity alleviation, and decrease of ROS level after 24 h incubation of cells with grafted nanoparticles.Secondly, we studied the control of the shape of MSNs by the addition of ethanol (EtOH) as cosolvent. Spherical (MSNA) or Rod MSNs (MSNR) were obtained, and then loaded loaded with doxorubicin and incubated with MCF-7 breast cancer cells. MSNA and MSNR particles were efficient in killing cancer cells but their behaviour in drug delivery was altered on account of the difference in their morphology.Then, the syntheses of new organosilica nanoparticles are reported. These nanomaterials are exclusively synthesized from bis (triethoxysilylpropyl) amine (BTSPA), bis (3-methoxysilyl propyl) -N-methylamine (BMSPMA) and bis- (triethoxysilyl) ethane precursors. First, it is reported the synthesis of hollow organosilica NPs (HPONPs) obtained through the condensation of bis (triethoxysilylpropyl) amine precursor by sol-gel process. HPONPs were used then for methotrexate delivery in MCF-7 cells. Secondly, it is reported the synthesis of other types of hollow organosilica NPs (HMONPs) obtained through the condensation of bis (3-methoxysilyl propyl) -N-methylamine precursor. In order to enlarge the cavity of NPs, we reported the use of TEB as swelling agent leading to the synthesis of HMLONPs. The morphology and the compositions of the NPs were fully characterized by various techniques and the pepstatin delivery from HMLONPs are under considaration. To add biodegradability to the nanocarriers, mixed nanoparticles were synthesized through the condensation of bis (3-methoxysilyl) propyl methylamine and the bis [3-(triethoxysilyl) propyl] disulfide. Different nanoplatforms were designed and fully characterized. The biodegradability was assessed in near-physiological conditions. Furthermore, the synthesis pathway was modified to design ethylene-porphyrin based organosilica nanoparticles. These nanoparticles were tested in vitro with breast cancer cells and used for methotrexate and gemcitabine monophosphate delivery.Finally, gold core shell mixed organosilica nanoparticles were described. The mixed shell of these nanoparticles was obtained by the co-condensation of bis- (triethoxysilyl) ethane and the bis (3-(triethoxysilyl) propyl)tetrasulfide. These biodegradable nanoparticles were tested in vitro with breast cancer cells for photon fluorescence imaging and core shell NPs were studied for drug delivery.

Proyecto de investigación 2017-2019, financiado por la Universidad Peruana de Ciencias Aplicadas (UPC).

No / Nanotechnology has preceded nanotoxicology and little is known of the effects of nanoparticles in human systems, let alone in diseased individuals. Therefore, the effects of titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanoparticles in peripheral blood lymphocytes from patients with respiratory diseases [lung cancer, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and asthma] were compared with those in healthy Individuals, to determine differences in sensitivity to nanochemical insult. The Comet assay was performed according to recommended guidelines. The micronucleus assay and ras oncoprotein detection were conducted according to published standard methods. The results showed statistically significant concentration-dependent genotoxic effects of TiO2 NPs in both respiratory patient and control groups in the Comet assay. The TiO2 NPs caused DNA damage in a concentration dependent manner in both groups (respiratory and healthy controls) with the exception of the lowest TiO2 concentration (10 µg/ml) which did not induce significant damage in healthy controls (ns). When OTM data were used to compare the whole patient group and the control group, the patient group had more DNA damage (p > 0.001) with the exception of 10 µg/ml of TiO2 that caused less significant damage to patient lymphocytes (p < 0.05). Similarly, there was an increase in the pattern of cytogenetic damage measured in the MN assay without statistical significance except when compared to the negative control of healthy individuals. Furthermore, when modulation of ras p21 expression was investigated, regardless of TiO2 treatment, only lung cancer and COPD patients expressed measurable ras p21 levels. All results were achieved in the absence of cytotoxicity.

This study deals with the Definiteness Effect (DE) in Chinese you existential sentences from pragmatic perspectives and the scope is confined to the formal written style with discourse environments. The data used for analysis is the United Daily News Corpus and the data selection is restricted to the definite NPs which are considered unacceptable in you existential sentences: proper names, pronouns, demonstratives, universal quantifications, most-NPs, and superlative. The data for analysis in this study consist of 119 natural occurrences and the results reveal that definite NPs can occur in you existential sentences and the contexts where they appear consist of adjunct clauses and complement clauses embedded under the matrix verb. It is also observed that you existential sentences can assert the existence of entities or events and definite NPs can represent given information. I suggest that the Definiteness Effect is a misnomer and the restriction imposed on you existential sentences is derived from the non-application of ¡§identification¡¨ in existential sentences. Definite NPs are only allowed in you existential sentences when they are used to identify the entities. If the postverbal NPs are to introduce or present the entities into the discourse, definite NPs are ruled out. In addition, it is argued that if the definite NPs are anaphoric and thus given information, they are used to draw the addressee¡¦s attention to the presence of entities or events; namely, they serve as focusing topics. It seems odd to view them only as topic-introducing constructions.

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Abstract In Taiwan, non-point source (NPS) pollution is one of the major causes of the impairment of surface waters. The Kaoping River Basin is the largest and the most intensively used river basin in Taiwan. In the Kaoping River Basin, most of the upper catchment is used for agricultural activities including cropland and livestock farming. In this study, I-Liao Creek watershed, one the major sub-basin of Kaoping River Basin, was selected to study the impact of NPS pollution on river water quality. An integrated watershed management model was applied to investigate potential NPS pollution management plans in the I-Liao Creek watershed. Based on the results from the field investigation and model simulation, the overall ammonia-nitrogen loading to the I-Liao Creek watershed was approximately 92,117 kg/year. The following remedial strategies have been taken to reduce the impacts of NPS pollution on the water quality of Kaoping River and I-Liao Creek: application of best management practice for NPS pollutant control; application of natural treatment systems for stormwater runoff treatment; and construction of the watershed geographical information system (GIS) and real time water quality monitoring system to effectively manage the watershed. Linking land utilization information with the NPS pollution simulation model may further provide essential information of pollution potential of NPS pollution for all sub-regions in the river basin. Experience obtained from this study will be helpful in designing the watershed management and pollution control strategies for other similar river basins.

The Kaoping River watershed is the largest and the most intensively used river basin in Taiwan. It is 171-km long, drains a catchment of more than 3,250 km2. Both point and non-point source (NPS) pollutants are now the causes of biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), nutrients, and suspended solids (SS) in the river. The main water pollution sources are livestock wastewater from hog farms, municipal wastewater, industrial wastewater, and NPS pollutants from agricultural areas. After the implementation of the hog ban in the Drinking Water and Source Water Protection Area (DWSWPA), all of the half million hogs have been removed or relocated in 2001. Thus, the municipal wastewater and NPS pollutants become the major concerns after 2001. In this study, the potential NPS pollution sources located in the Kaoping River watershed are investigated. Investigation results show that there are 827 potential pollution incidents, which cover 2,610 hectors in the Kaoping River watershed. Orchard farms are the major potential pollutant sources, which cover 60% of the total area of the potential pollutant sources. Moreover, results reveal that mango and betel palm farms dominated the illegal farmland areas, and are scattered around the river corridors. Field investigations indicate that major BOD, total phosphate (TP), total nitrogen (TN), and SS loadings came from the betel palm and orchard farms. The calculated total loadings of BOD, TP, TN, and SS are 69,000, 9,200, 58,500, and 487,500 kg/yr, respectively. Among the four major reaches (Lo-Non, Chi-San, Chu-Ko, and I-Lao creeks), the Lo-Non creek discharge the major pollutant loadings into the Kaoping River. Thus, the highest degree of protection is given to the Lo-Non creek. An integrated watershed management model was applied to investigate potential NPS pollution management plans in the Kaoping River watershed. Based on the results from the field investigation and model simulation, the following remedial strategies have been taken to reduce the impacts of NPS pollution on the water quality of Kaoping River: application of best management practice for NPS pollutant control; application of natural treatment systems for stormwater runoff treatment; and construction of the watershed geographical information system (GIS) and real time water quality monitoring system to effectively manage the watershed. Linking land utilization information with the NPS pollution simulation model may further provide essential information of pollution potential of NPS pollution for all sub-regions in the river basin. Results and experience obtained from this study will be helpful in designing the watershed management and NPS pollution control strategies for the Kaoping River watershed and other similar river basins.

No description available.