Este estudo foi de natureza qualitativa e utilizou como referencial teórico o Interacionismo simbólico e metodológico a Teoria Fundamentada em Dados. Objetivou-se desenvolver um modelo de cuidado espiritual para os pacientes e seus familiares no enfrentamento de situações de adoecimento. O estudo foi realizado em Hospital Universitário do sul do Brasil, com seis enfermeiras e quatro técnicas de enfermagem, com um ano ou mais de experiência na área de atuação e que estavam exercendo suas atividades. Para coleta dos dados utilizou-se uma entrevista semiestruturada do tipo intensivo e um grupo de expertise, com quatro participantes para validação do Modelo, no período de março a maio de 2016. Os preceitos éticos foram seguidos e obtidas as assinaturas de todas as participantes no Termo de Consentimento Livre e Esclarecido. A coleta e análise dos dados ocorreram de forma concomitante de acordo com o método. Na análise dos dados aplicaram-se as etapas da Teoria Fundamentada em Dados que prevê a codificação inicial, focalizada, axial e teórica. Os significados, pressupostos, ações e resultantes identificados a partir das experiências e vivências das participantes no cuidado aos pacientes e seus familiares foram descritas nas categorias Situando a espiritualidade no seu viver e as subcategorias “Reconhecendo a espiritualidade como uma necessidade e complemento” e “Caminhando na espiritualidade”. Exercitando a espiritualidade na vida e as subcategorias “Praticando a espiritualidade ao seu modo”, “Percebendo a espiritualidade como uma opção de vida”, “Respeitando as crenças do outro”, “Encontrando a espiritualidade na maneira de agir e pensar”. Percebendo o papel da equipe de enfermagem no cuidado espiritual e as subcategorias “Advogando os direitos do paciente e em prol da profissão”, “Conversando sobre espiritualidade”, “Preparando a equipe de enfermagem”, “Cuidando no processo e morte e morrer”, “Limitando o cuidado pelas crenças pessoais, organizacionais e religiosas”. Identificando as manifestações das necessidades espirituais e as subcategorias “Identificando as formas de enfrentamento do sofrimento” e “Acontecendo: o momento de atender as necessidades”. Colocando a espiritualidade como prioridade no cuidado e as subcategorias “Acolhendo os pacientes e familiares”, “Utilizando práticas integrativas”, “Rezando com o paciente”, “Confortando por meio da espiritualidade” e “Continuando a acreditar todos os dias”. A integração destas categorias possibilitou identificar a categoria central Ressignificando o adoecimento e o desenvolvimento do modelo de cuidado espiritual. Além disso, foi desenvolvida uma versão prática do modelo. O estudo originou uma compreensão e interpretação conceitual e prática sobre o tema espiritualidade na enfermagem e foram delineadas as conexões entre a equipe de enfermagem e os pacientes e familiares no momento do cuidado espiritual. / This study was a qualitative approach, which used the theoretical symbolic interactionism and the Grounded Theory as methodological benchmarks. The purpose was to develop a spiritual model of care for patients and their relatives when confronting situations of illness. The study was conducted in a University Hospital in the south of Brazil and involved six nurses and four certified nurse practitioner, whose had one year or over of experience in the operating area and were performing their activities. In order to collect data, we used semi-structured interviews of intensive type and an expertise group, composed of four participants, with sights to validate the Model, during the period between March and May 2016. The ethical precepts were followed, and then we obtained the signatures of all participants in the Free and Informed Consent Form. The collection and analysis of data took place concomitantly in line with the method. When analyzing data, we applied the steps of the Grounded Theory, which foresees the initial, focused, axial and theoretical coding. The meanings, assumptions, actions and outcomes identified from the experiences and backgrounds of the participants in the care of patients and their relatives were described in the categories “Situating the spirituality in your daily life” and the subcategories “Recognizing the spirituality as a need and complement” and “Walking in the spirituality”. “Exercising the spirituality in life” and the subcategories “Practicing the spirituality in my own way”, “Perceiving the spirituality as a life choice”, “Respecting the beliefs of others”, Finding the spirituality in the way of acting and thinking”. “Perceiving the role of the nursing team in the spiritual care” and the subcategories “Advocating the patient’s rights and for the promotion of the profession”, “Talking about spirituality”, “Preparing the nursing team”, “Caring for in the process of death and dying”, “Limiting care through the personal, organizational and religious beliefs”. “Identifying the manifestations of the spiritual needs” and the subcategories “Identifying the ways of confronting the suffering” and “Happening: the time to meet the needs”. “Placing the spirituality as a priority in the care” and the subcategories “Welcoming the patients and relatives”, “Using integrative practices”, “Praying together with the patient”, “Comforting through the spirituality” and “Continuing to believe every day”. The integration of these categories has enabled us to identify the central category “Resignifying the illness”, as well as to develop a spiritual care model. In addition, we have developed a practical version of the model. The study gave rise to a practical and conceptual understanding and interpretation about the issue of spirituality in nursing, and then we drew up the connections between the nursing team and the patients and their relatives at the time of the spiritual care.

Increasing the education of nursing staff is a society-wide issue, influenced by continuous development of medicine and medical technologies. The provision of nursing care is rightly demanding. The only way to keep up with new trends is lifelong nursing education. Nursing education in a particular workplace primarily aims at addressing current problems of the department and nurses? needs. The theoretical part deals with the influence of education on the quality of nursing care. We present a structure of education of paramedical professions. We define and clarify terms such as pedagogy, didactics, education and learning. We deal with the specifics of education, didactic principles and principles of adult education. In addition, we specify instructional strategies for nursing staff. For the purposes of this thesis, four objectives were set. In the first one we wanted to find out what the system and process of nursing education in the department looks like. The research showed that educational events are held in all departments. The organizing departments mostly report irregular or monthly frequency. The aim of the second objective was to obtain an opinion on the effectiveness of education in the department. We found disparity between the views of ordinary nurses and head nurses. The third objective was to answer the question of whether the organized educational events are initiated by the nurses? requests. Based on the answers of head nurses and ordinary nurses, we found out that this is not always the case. The last objective was to determine whether nurses implement the knowledge and skills gained to routine nursing care. The questionnaires showed that ordinary nurses try to incorporate the knowledge and skills to routine nursing care. For the purposes of this thesis, the combination of qualitative and quantitative research was selected. In order to carry out the qualitative part of the research, the method of questioning, using the technique of semi-structured interview with open questions was chosen. For the issue of quantitative research, the method of questioning, using the questionnaire technique with closed and semi-closed questions was used. For qualitative research, we set two research questions. In the first research question we wanted to find out what impetus the management uses when planning education in the hospital and the department. We found out that most often it is initiated by head nurses and ward nurses. In the second research question, we examined what obstacles the management sees to the effectiveness of education and implementation of the knowledge and skills gained into practice. Head nurses identify a problem in the actual participation in education in the department. For quantitative research, we set five hypotheses. Hypothesis 1 was: Nursing education in the workplace is an activity organized by the management regardless of the ordinary nurses? requests. The hypothesis was not confirmed. Hypothesis 2 was: Management, unlike ordinary nurses, sees the effectiveness of education in the workplace positively. The hypothesis was not confirmed either. The third hypothesis was: Education is seen as a necessary, routine activity, not as motivating factor for improving the quality of nursing care. The hypothesis was not confirmed. The last hypothesis was: Implementation of the knowledge gained from the educational events into nursing care is monitored by the management. The hypothesis was not confirmed, the implementation of knowledge is monitored, but not to the extent we expected. When evaluating the results we came across other very interesting facts, which we believe deserve more attention. Finally, it is surprising that the organization of educational events does not reflect nurses? shifts. One of the reasons for this might be the fact that some head nurses do not prepare the plan and time schedule for nursing education. We tried to propose the time schedule of nurses education in deparments.

In the first part of the diploma thesis we describe current state of taking care of newborns with special regard to mother's and newborn's needs and to the individual developmental care. We pay attention to the composition of the nursing team and to the conditions for its effective functioning. We cope with the importance of breast milk, breastfeeding and whole-community-based activities supporting breastfeeding. In the chapter about lactation consultancy we look into the history and present day to give a sense of this topic. The aim of the thesis is to make the description of the role of lactation consultant in the multidisciplinary team which takes care of premature newborns. We try to assess contribution of his presence to mothers of newborns and to nurses in the perinatal centres and at the same time to identify the problems lactation consultant are facing. We applied a qualitative research method of semi-structured interview for purpose of the study. We conducted the interviews with mothers of preterm infants, with nurses from the nursing team and with lactation consultants in ÚPMD in Prague and in České Budějovice Hospital. We investigated the rate of integration of lactation consultants into the nursing team within all perinatal centres in the Czech Republic. Lactation consultant provides mothers help with the stimulation of milk production and with the long-lasting breastfeeding maintenance. Lactation consultant supports mothers in breastfeeding and resolves problems related to breastfeeding a premature newborn. This help includes the psychological support. In relation to nurses, lactation consultant takes part in mothers' education in breastfeeding, manages human colostrum and mediates the mother-and-child contact when mother is separated from her baby. Nursing team is enriched with special knowledge and skills of lactation consultant. There were several problems identified: a lack of time for consultancy, the language barrier along with different cultural habits within minorities and the negative influence of layman discussion forums in the internet. Related to collaboration in the nursing team we encountered the problem of poor communication among lactation consultants and other team members. Mothers together with other team members, they all benefit from presence of lactation consultant in the nursing team.

Introdução: Os profissionais de enfermagem são os que mantêm os maiores índices de acidentes com material biológico. A importância da adoção de medidas preventivas é fundamental para garantir a proteção dos mesmos e reduzir os acidentes de trabalho. Após a ocorrência de um acidente ocupacional com material biológico, medidas pós-exposições devem ser instituídas para reduzir o risco de soroconversão. Objetivo: Analisar as condutas referidas pelos profissionais de enfermagem após a ocorrência de exposição ocupacional percutânea com material biológico potencialmente contaminado. Material e Método: Trata-se de estudo do tipo transversal, realizado em um hospital de alta complexidade, localizado no interior do Estado de São Paulo, Brasil. O projeto foi aprovado pelo Comitê de Ética em Pesquisa da instituição e da Escola de Enfermagem de Ribeirão Preto da Universidade de São Paulo. A amostra do estudo foi composta por profissionais de enfermagem. Os dados foram coletados por meio de entrevistas individuais no próprio local de trabalho, no período entre março e novembro de 2015. Resultado: Foram entrevistados 226 profissionais; desses, 39 (17,3%) afirmaram ter sofrido exposição ocupacional a material biológico na instituição, sendo que a maioria 24 (61,5%) envolveu contato por via percutânea. Em relação às condutas referidas pelos profissionais de enfermagem após exposição ocupacional com material biológico potencialmente contaminado, a maior parte dos participantes: interromperam imediatamente a atividade que estavam fazendo (87,5%), lavaram a área atingida abundantemente com água e sabão (100,0%), realizaram o comunicado imediato ao enfermeiro supervisor sobre o acidente (95,8%), preencheram o formulário para investigação de acidentes e foram encaminhados para o atendimento especializado (95,8%). Os profissionais mencionaram a emissão da Comunicação de Acidente de Trabalho pelo Serviço de Engenharia de Segurança e Medicina do Trabalho em 100,0% dos casos de acidentes com material biológico. Conclusão: O presente estudo permitiu identificar as condutas referidas pelos profissionais de enfermagem após exposição ocupacional com material biológico potencialmente contaminado. Destaca-se que a maioria interrompeu a atividade desenvolvida no momento do acidente, realizou cuidados na área atingida, procurou imediatamente pelo enfermeiro supervisor, atendimento clínico especializado e notificou o acidente / Introduction: Nursing professionals have the highest rates of accidents with biological material. The importance of adopting preventive measures is fundamental to ensure their protection and reduce work accidents. After the occurrence of an occupational accident with biological material, post-exposure measures must be followed to reduce the risk of seroconversion. Objective: To analyze the approaches mentioned by nursing professionals after the occurrence of a percutaneous occupational accident with potentially contaminated biological material. Material and Method: A cross-sectional study was conducted in a high-complexity hospital in the interior of the state of São Paulo, Brazil. The research project was approved by the Research Ethics Committee of the institution and the Ribeirão Preto College of Nursing, at the University of São Paulo. The study sample was made up of nursing professionals. Data were collected by means of individual interviews at the participants\' workplace, between March and November 2015. Result: A total of 226 professionals were interviewed; of these, 39 (17.3%) stated they had suffered occupational exposure to biological material at the institution, of whom 24 (61.5%) involved percutaneous contact. Regarding the therapeutic approaches mentioned by the nursing professionals after the occupational exposure to potentially contaminated biological material, most participants interrupted the activity they were doing immediately (87.5%), washed the affected area abundantly with water and soap (100,0%), immediately reported the accident to the supervisor nurse (95.8%), filled in a form for investigation of accidents and were referred to specialized care (95.8%). It is noteworthy that the professionals mentioned the issuance of the Work Accident Notification to the Work Medicine and Safety Engineering Service in 100,0% of the cases of accidents with biological material. Conclusion: The present study allowed to identify the approaches mentioned by nursing professionals after occupational exposure to potentially contaminated biological material. It is noteworthy that most professionals interrupted the activity they were developing at the time of the accident, cared for the affected area, sought the supervisor nurse immediately, as well as specialized clinical care, and notified the accident

Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T14:46:33Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 MariadeLourdesCS.pdf: 416532 bytes, checksum: 7b06ce16706cd477da59914b569ac29d (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008-04-17 / The objective of this exploratory descriptive study with a qualitative approach was to analyze the perception of the nursing team and the pregnant women hospitalized with pre-eclampsia regarding the interactive process occurring in the care relationship. Data were collected by semi-structured interview with twenty nursing professionals that work in the high-risk ward and ten pregnant women with the diagnosis of pre-eclampsia. The discourses were analyzed using the content analysis method, in the modality of thematic identification. Three categories were identified that describe the perception of the interaction by the nursing professionals: recognizing the needs of the hospitalized pregnant woman, understanding the woman with pre-eclampsia, and presenting difficulties in the interactive process. With regards to the pregnant women, four categories emerged: recognizing the clinical care, feeling the lack of information, experiencing feelings during the hospitalization, and envisioning the interaction process. The meaning of the discourses was analyzed according to the principles of symbolic interactionism. The results indicate that both, the nursing professionals and the pregnant women, have a limited perception of their interaction, suggesting a need for further reflection about this reality in the health service units and in the nursing education environment / Trata-se de um estudo explorat?rio descritivo com abordagem qualitativa, tendo como objetivo analisar a percep??o da equipe de enfermagem e das gestantes hospitalizadas, com pr?-ecl?mpsia, sobre o processo de intera??o durante a realiza??o dos cuidados. A coleta dos dados foi realizada atrav?s de entrevista semiestruturada junto a 20 profissionais de enfermagem, que atuam na enfermaria de alto risco, e 10 gestantes com diagn?stico de pr?-ecl?mpsia. As informa??es originadas dos depoimentos foram tratadas, conforme o m?todo de an?lise de conte?do, na modalidade de an?lise tem?tica. Desse processo, em rela??o aos profissionais, surgiram tr?s categorias que descrevem como estes percebem a sua intera??o com a gestante no cuidado: reconhecimento das necessidades da gestante hospitalizada, compreens?o da mulher com pr?-ecl?mpsia e apresenta??o das dificuldades no processo de intera??o. No que diz respeito ?s gestantes, emergiram tr?s categorias: percep??o das especificidades do cuidado, aus?ncia de informa??o/acolhimento/v?nculo e percep??o do processo de intera??o. O significado das falas foi interpretado ? luz dos princ?pios do Interacionismo Simb?lico. Os resultados mostraram que tanto os profissionais quanto as gestantes percebem haver uma intera??o limitada entre eles, sendo necess?rio refletir sobre esta realidade nas institui??es de sa?de e no ensino de enfermagem

Resumo: Trata-se de uma pesquisa qualitativa, com os objetivos de: compreender o processo interacional planejamento-implementação da Sistematização da Assistência de Enfermagem (SAE), na perspectiva de dois grupos amostrais: Enfermeiros e Técnicos/Auxiliares de Enfermagem de um hospital universitário de grande porte, do interior paulista e desenvolver uma síntese dos modelos teóricos representativos dessas experiências. A saturação teórica se configurou, mediante a análise de 24 entrevistas, sendo de: 12 enfermeiros e 12 Técnicos/Auxiliares, lotados em unidades de internação clínicas e cirúrgicas. A entrevista não diretiva foi a técnica de coleta de dados, tendo como questão norteadora: - Como tem sido a sua experiência com a SAE? As entrevistas foram gravadas e transcritas na íntegra e analisadas, segundo os passos da Teoria Fundamentada em Dados, denominada internacionalmente por Grounded Theory. Desta análise emergiu dois modelos teóricos, referentes às experiências que deram origem a um terceiro, resultado da síntese. O primeiro refere-se à experiência interacional do enfermeiro, a qual reúne dois fenômenos: idealizando operacionalizar a SAE na sua plenitude, vislumbrando o reconhecimento social da profissão e frustrando-se com a falta de apoio da instituição no processo de trabalho da equipe de enfermagem. Da interrelação dos seus componentes (temas, categorias, subcategorias e elementos), configurou-se a categoria central - entre a idealização e a frustração no processo de trabalho do enfermeiro: recursos humanos como componente interveniente para operacionalização da SAE e visibilidade da profissão. O segundo modelo retrata a experiência de Técnicos/Auxiliares, composta de dois fenômenos: legitimando a SAE e não legitimando a SAE, dos quais emergiu a categoria central... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: This is a qualitative study developed according to the comprehensive approach. It was approved by the Research Ethics Committee with the purpose to understand the planning-implementation interactional process of Nursing Care Systematization (SAE) at a university hospital in the perspective of two sample groups, namely nurses and nursing technicians/auxiliaries, in order to develop a synthesis of the theoretical models that are representative of the experiences lived. Theoretical saturation occurred through the analysis of 24 interviews with 12 nurses and 12 technicians/auxiliaries stationed in the clinical and surgical inpatient units of a large university hospital in inner São Paulo state. Non-directive interviews were used for data collection with the following guiding question: - What has your experience with SAE been like? The interviews were taped, fully transcribed and analyzed according to the steps the Grounded Theory. From such analysis, two theoretical models emerged with reference to the experiences. They originated a third model which was the result of the synthesis. The first refers to nurses' interactional experience, which gathers two phenomena: idealizing SAE operationalization in its fullness, expecting the social recognition of the profession and becoming frustrated with the lack of support from the institution in the nursing team's work process. From the inter-relation of its components (themes, categories, sub-categories and elements), the core category was formed - between idealization and frustration in nurses' work process: human resources as an intervenient component for SAE operationalization and the profession's visibility. The second model depicted technicians/auxiliaries' experience, which consisted of two phenomena: legitimating SAE and not legitimating SAE, from which the core category emerged... (Complete abstract click electronic access below) / Orientador: Silvia Crisitna Mangini Bocchi / Coorientador: Magda Cristina Q. Dell'Acqua / Banca: Emilio Carlos Circelli / Banca: Raquel Rapone Gaidzinski / Banca: Wilza Carla Spiri / Mestre

Este estudo foi de natureza qualitativa e utilizou como referencial teórico o Interacionismo simbólico e metodológico a Teoria Fundamentada em Dados. Objetivou-se desenvolver um modelo de cuidado espiritual para os pacientes e seus familiares no enfrentamento de situações de adoecimento. O estudo foi realizado em Hospital Universitário do sul do Brasil, com seis enfermeiras e quatro técnicas de enfermagem, com um ano ou mais de experiência na área de atuação e que estavam exercendo suas atividades. Para coleta dos dados utilizou-se uma entrevista semiestruturada do tipo intensivo e um grupo de expertise, com quatro participantes para validação do Modelo, no período de março a maio de 2016. Os preceitos éticos foram seguidos e obtidas as assinaturas de todas as participantes no Termo de Consentimento Livre e Esclarecido. A coleta e análise dos dados ocorreram de forma concomitante de acordo com o método. Na análise dos dados aplicaram-se as etapas da Teoria Fundamentada em Dados que prevê a codificação inicial, focalizada, axial e teórica. Os significados, pressupostos, ações e resultantes identificados a partir das experiências e vivências das participantes no cuidado aos pacientes e seus familiares foram descritas nas categorias Situando a espiritualidade no seu viver e as subcategorias “Reconhecendo a espiritualidade como uma necessidade e complemento” e “Caminhando na espiritualidade”. Exercitando a espiritualidade na vida e as subcategorias “Praticando a espiritualidade ao seu modo”, “Percebendo a espiritualidade como uma opção de vida”, “Respeitando as crenças do outro”, “Encontrando a espiritualidade na maneira de agir e pensar”. Percebendo o papel da equipe de enfermagem no cuidado espiritual e as subcategorias “Advogando os direitos do paciente e em prol da profissão”, “Conversando sobre espiritualidade”, “Preparando a equipe de enfermagem”, “Cuidando no processo e morte e morrer”, “Limitando o cuidado pelas crenças pessoais, organizacionais e religiosas”. Identificando as manifestações das necessidades espirituais e as subcategorias “Identificando as formas de enfrentamento do sofrimento” e “Acontecendo: o momento de atender as necessidades”. Colocando a espiritualidade como prioridade no cuidado e as subcategorias “Acolhendo os pacientes e familiares”, “Utilizando práticas integrativas”, “Rezando com o paciente”, “Confortando por meio da espiritualidade” e “Continuando a acreditar todos os dias”. A integração destas categorias possibilitou identificar a categoria central Ressignificando o adoecimento e o desenvolvimento do modelo de cuidado espiritual. Além disso, foi desenvolvida uma versão prática do modelo. O estudo originou uma compreensão e interpretação conceitual e prática sobre o tema espiritualidade na enfermagem e foram delineadas as conexões entre a equipe de enfermagem e os pacientes e familiares no momento do cuidado espiritual. / This study was a qualitative approach, which used the theoretical symbolic interactionism and the Grounded Theory as methodological benchmarks. The purpose was to develop a spiritual model of care for patients and their relatives when confronting situations of illness. The study was conducted in a University Hospital in the south of Brazil and involved six nurses and four certified nurse practitioner, whose had one year or over of experience in the operating area and were performing their activities. In order to collect data, we used semi-structured interviews of intensive type and an expertise group, composed of four participants, with sights to validate the Model, during the period between March and May 2016. The ethical precepts were followed, and then we obtained the signatures of all participants in the Free and Informed Consent Form. The collection and analysis of data took place concomitantly in line with the method. When analyzing data, we applied the steps of the Grounded Theory, which foresees the initial, focused, axial and theoretical coding. The meanings, assumptions, actions and outcomes identified from the experiences and backgrounds of the participants in the care of patients and their relatives were described in the categories “Situating the spirituality in your daily life” and the subcategories “Recognizing the spirituality as a need and complement” and “Walking in the spirituality”. “Exercising the spirituality in life” and the subcategories “Practicing the spirituality in my own way”, “Perceiving the spirituality as a life choice”, “Respecting the beliefs of others”, Finding the spirituality in the way of acting and thinking”. “Perceiving the role of the nursing team in the spiritual care” and the subcategories “Advocating the patient’s rights and for the promotion of the profession”, “Talking about spirituality”, “Preparing the nursing team”, “Caring for in the process of death and dying”, “Limiting care through the personal, organizational and religious beliefs”. “Identifying the manifestations of the spiritual needs” and the subcategories “Identifying the ways of confronting the suffering” and “Happening: the time to meet the needs”. “Placing the spirituality as a priority in the care” and the subcategories “Welcoming the patients and relatives”, “Using integrative practices”, “Praying together with the patient”, “Comforting through the spirituality” and “Continuing to believe every day”. The integration of these categories has enabled us to identify the central category “Resignifying the illness”, as well as to develop a spiritual care model. In addition, we have developed a practical version of the model. The study gave rise to a practical and conceptual understanding and interpretation about the issue of spirituality in nursing, and then we drew up the connections between the nursing team and the patients and their relatives at the time of the spiritual care.

This thesis deals with teambuilding in connection with management of changes in clinical practice and in manager practice. The executives in nursing are registered nurse managers, bearers of changes in quality of nursing care. Courses of teambuilding are a part of educational programmes for development of managerial skills of nurses. Teambuilding means both, team education or building of a team, and training focused on support of mutual confidence and team cooperation. A combination of methods of qualitative and quantitative research was chosen to elaborate the empiric part of the paper. The objective of a qualitative part was to find out, how much are the teambuilding courses used in practice and what is the benefit of the courses for the team. The data were obtained by means of a half-standardized interview with 6 respondents who took part in the teambuilding course. Three hypotheses were set on the basis of these interviews. These hypotheses became then a background for the second stage of the research by means of quantitative method. The objectives of quantitative research were to survey nurse managers´ awareness of possibilities of team education, to find out whether the nurses are interested in courses and to reveal obstacles in realization of teambuilding courses in medical facilities. By means of questionnaires for ordinary nurses and for nurse managers we achieved the objectives. The hypothesis about the awareness of nurse managers of the course was not proved. The second hypothesis about the interest of ordinary nurses in teambuilding courses was not proved either. The lack of financial resources was mentioned as the most frequent obstacle for realization of the course. During the collection of the data for the research in management in nursing, a lack of publishing activities of nurse managers was revealed. A lot of interesting information was obtained thanks to the interviews with nurse managers. Publishing of the experience of sister managers with leading and managing nursing teams would become significant contribution and inspiration for other nurses in practice.

Introdução: A problemática referente à conduta com profissionais na área de saúde colonizados por Staphylococcus aureus sensíveis e resistentes à metilcilina está em grande evidência, por ser este um importante patógeno causador de doenças com alta morbi-mortalidade.(LOWY, 1998). Atualmente as infecções por Staphylococcus aureus não respondem mais ao tratamento com os antimicrobianos anteriormente utilizados (CDC, 2006). O Staphylococcus aureus, resistente à meticilina (MRSA), vem se disseminando nos serviços de saúde e tem sido uma das causas de infecções com maior dificuldade de tratamento (CDC,1999). A maioria das infecções ocorre em pessoas colonizadas com o micro-organismo, sendo o carreador de longo tempo um fator de risco mais fortemente associado com infecção subsequente (WERTHEIM et al, 2005a). Objetivos: Avaliar a colonização e o perfil de susceptibilidade dos Staphylococcus aureus isolados na saliva da equipe de enfermagem atuante nas unidades de terapia intensiva, clínica médica, clínica cirúrgica e gineco-obstétrica de uma instituição de saúde de grande porte do interior paulista. Determinar a prevalência de portadores de Staphylococcus aureus resistentes à meticilina e à mupirocina, levando em consideração o tempo de atuação profissional, jornada no hospital e tempo de contato com os pacientes desse hospital. Métodos: Foram coletadas três amostras da saliva de 351 indivíduos, correspondendo a 94,1% dos profissionais da equipe de enfermagem com intervalo de dois meses entre as coletas. As amostras foram semeadas em agar manitol salgado e colônias típicas de Staphylococcus aureus foram identificadas pela coloração de Gram, produção de catalase, coagulase, Dnase, fermentação do manitol e o perfil de susceptibilidade determinado pelo teste de difusão de disco. Resultados: A prevalência entre os trabalhadores foi de 144 (41,0%) sendo 25 (7,1%) caracterizados como resistentes e 104 (29,6%) como sensíveis à meticilina (MSSA) 15 (4,3%) não foram recuperados para o antibiograma. Os carreadores transitórios representaram 81,2% e os persistentes 18,8%. A resistência à mupirocina foi de 73,1% entre os MRSA e 9,3% nos MSSA. Os resultados evidenciaram que os enfermeiros e técnicos de enfermagem constituem a categoria profissional mais susceptível à colonização por MRSA. O tempo na instituição não teve uma forte correlação com a colonização do profissional, pois trabalhadores com menor tempo na instituição também tiveram alta incidência de colonização. Discussão: Ao considerarmos outros fatores envolvidos como o setor de trabalho, fica evidenciado um panorama de risco para a segurança do paciente. Conclusão: Constatamos, na cavidade bucal, um potencial reservatório e fonte de disseminação de Staphylococcus aureus nos serviços de saúde, bem como um fator de risco de infecção para o trabalhador e, portanto, a necessidade de estudos específicos e intervenções para a prevenção e controle de MRSA, considerando principalmente a condição de setores especiais. / Introduction: The problem of how to manage health professionals colonized by methicillin sensitive and resistant Staphylococcus aureus is very evident, as this important pathogen causes different diseases with high morbidity and mortality rates (LOWY, 1998). Today, infections by Staphylococcus aureus no longer respond to treatment with formerly used antibiotics (CDC, 2006). Methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus is spreading across health services and has been one of the infection causes most difficult to treat (CDC, 1999). Most infections affect people colonized by the microorganism. Long-term carriers are a risk factor more strongly associated with subsequent infection (WERTHEIM et al, 2005a). Aims: To assess the colonization and susceptibility profile of Staphylococcus aureus isolated in the saliva of nursing teams active at the intensive care, medical clinic, surgical clinic and gynecological-obstetrical units of a large health institution in the interior of São Paulo State, Brazil. To determine the prevalence of nursing professionals carrying methicillin and mupirocin resistant Staphylococcus aureus, in view of their length of professional activity, work hours at the hospital and time of contact with hospital patients. Methods: Three saliva samples were collected from 351 individuals, corresponding to 94.1% of nursing team professionals, with a two-month interval between the collections. The samples were seeded in mannitol salt agar and typical colonies of S. aureus were identified through Gram stain; catalase, coagulase and Dnase production; mannitol fermentation and susceptibility profile determined by the disk diffusion test. Results: Prevalence levels among workers corresponded to 144 (41,0%) colonized by S aureus, 25 (7,10%) of whom were characterized as MRSA and 104 (29.6%) as methicillin sensitive Staphylococcus aureus, while 15 (4.3%) were not recovered for the antibiogram. Transitory carriers represented 81,2% and persistent carriers 18,8%. Mupirocin resistance was 73.1% among MRSA and 9.3% among MSSA. Results evidenced that nursing technicians and nurses were the professional category most susceptible to MRSA. No strong correlation was found between length of professional activity at the institution and colonization, as professionals working less time at the institution also displayed high colonization ratios. Discussion: These results are relevant for the study institution. When considering other factors involved in professional categorization and the work site, a picture of risk for patient safety is evidenced. Conclusion: Workers\' oral cavity is a potential reservoir and source of dissemination of S. aureus in health services, as well as a risk factor for infection. Hence, specific studies and MRSA prevention and control interventions are needed, mainly when considering the condition of special sectors.

Introdução: a transmissão ocupacional do HIV, HBV e HCV aos profissionais da área da saúde é um fato concreto. Objetivos: avaliar a conduta dos profissionais de enfermagem vítimas de acidentes com material biológico de um hospital de ensino do interior paulista em relação ao atendimento e seguimento clínico especializado. Material e método: trata-se de um estudo de corte transversal aprovado pelos Comitês de Ética em Pesquisa do referido hospital e da Escola de Enfermagem de Ribeirão Preto da Universidade de São Paulo. A população do estudo foi composta por 1.215 profissionais de enfermagem, que foram entrevistados no período de 01 de junho de 2010 a 30 de maio de 2011. Resultados: dos 1.215 profissionais da equipe de enfermagem entrevistados, 636 (52,3%) sofreram pelo menos um acidente com material biológico ao longo de sua experiência profissional, 454 (71,4%) procuraram pelo atendimento especializado no Ambulatório de Acidente Ocupacional ao Profissional da Saúde (AOPS) e 26 (5,7%) interromperam o seguimento clínico antes do período recomendado e os motivos mais frequentemente relatados foram atendimento demorado (26,9%), sorologia do paciente fonte negativa (23,1%) e (15,4%) esquecimento. 168 (37,0%) profissionais acidentados tiveram indicação de antirretrovirais, sendo que 109 (64,9%) tiveram efeitos adversos e 52 (31,0%) abandonaram a terapêutica. Apresentar efeitos adversos foi o motivo mais frequentemente relatado para interrupção dos antirretrovirais (94,3%). Ressalta-se que 182 profissionais acidentados não procuraram atendimento no AOPS e a maioria 115 (63,2%) relatou não tê-lo procurado, pois acreditavam que o acidente era de baixo risco. Conclusão: identificar os motivos que levam os profissionais a não procurar atendimento, bem como completar a terapêutica e o seguimento clínico pode contribuir para a proposição de estratégias capazes de aumentar a adesão dos profissionais às medidas profiláticas após exposição ocupacional a material biológico, e consequentemente minimizar o risco de soroconversão ao HIV e HBV e identificar precocemente a soroconversão para o HCV, uma vez que não existe, até o momento, quimioprofilaxia para minimizar o risco de soroconversão para este vírus. / Introduction: occupational transmission of HIV, HBV and HCV to health professionals is a concrete fact. Objectives: to evaluate the conduct of nursing professionals from a teaching hospital in the interior of the state of São Paulo, Brazil, who were victims of accidents with biological material in relation to the care and specialized clinical follow-up. Material and method: it is a cross-sectional study which was approved by the Research Ethics Committees of the studied Hospital and of the Ribeirão Preto College of Nursing, University of São Paulo. The study population consisted of 1,215 nursing professionals, who were interviewed in the period from June, 1st 2010 to May, 30rd 2011. Results: of the 1,215 nursing professionals interviewed, 636 (52.3%) have experienced at least one accident with biological material throughout their professional experience, 454 (71.4%) sought specialized care at the Outpatient Clinic for Occupational Accident among Health Care Workers (AOPS) and 26 (5.7%) discontinued the clinical follow-up before the recommended period, and the reasons most frequently reported were delayed care (26.9%), patients with negative serology (23.1%) and forgetfulness (15.4%). 168 injured professionals (37.0%) had an indication for antiretroviral therapy, being that 109 (64.9%) of them had adverse effects and 52 (31.0%) abandoned therapy. Having adverse effects was the most frequently reported reason for discontinuation of antiretrovirals (94.3%). It is highlighted that 182 injured professionals did not seek care at the AOPS and the majority, i.e. 115 (63.2%) professionals, reported not seeking it, because they believed that the accident was at low risk. Conclusion: identifying the reasons why professionals do not seek care and not complete the treatment and the clinical follow-up may contribute to the proposition of strategies to increase professionals\' adherence to the prophylaxis measures after occupational exposure to biological material, and therefore minimize the risk of seroconversion to HIV and HBV, and identify early HCV seroconversion, since there is not, so far, chemoprophylaxis to minimize the risk of seroconversion to this virus.