In this literature review the characteristics of two free-floating macrophytes, water hyacinth   (Eichhornia crassipes) and duckweed (Lemna sp.), and two microalgae, Chlorella and Scenedesmus, have been examined regarding their suitability as efficient nutrient removers in the treatment of wastewater with high levels of nutrients and suspended solids from a biogas plant in Loudden. The needs required for the plants to be able to grow in wastewater and the amounts of biomass they can produce have also been studied. The results show that Chlorella is capable of a very high uptake of nutrients in photobioreactors with high nutrient loadings. With an ammonia uptake maximum value at 10900mg/m2/d Chlorella outshines the other organisms in this study. The test organism that performed the closest to Chlorella in terms of nitrogen uptake was water hyacinth with an uptake about 1602mg/m2/d. One factor affecting nutrient uptake in a positive way is the growth rate. Free-floating macrophytes produce more biomass than algae do, and water hyacinth have been shown to be the most productive. It is important to conduct a regular harvest of the plants if a high production should be maintained. High quantity of biomass per unit area can inhibit the growth, and algae are more sensitive to this than the macrophytes often suffering from self-shading when the density is too high. The high level of nutrients in the wastewater prevents growth and dilution is required to achieve any growth at all. Therefore, conventional treatment methods might prove to be a better option.

Licentiatavhandling (sammanfattning) Uppsala : Sveriges lantbruksuniversitet, 2005. / Härtill 2 uppsatser.

Lic.-avh. (sammanfattning) Uppsala : Sveriges lantbruksuniv., 2004. / Härtill 2 uppsatser.

Diss. (sammanfattning). Uppsala : Sveriges lantbruksuniversitet, 2005. / Härtill 5 uppsatser.

Diss. (sammanfattning) Umeå : Sveriges lantbruksuniv., 2008. / Härtill 4 uppsatser.

Diss. (sammanfattning) Umeå : Sveriges lantbruksuniv., 2008. / Härtill 4 uppsatser.

Submitted by Sayuri Beatriz Hara Noda (sbhnoda@gmail.com) on 2018-11-05T17:47:50Z No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação DEFINITIVO final.pdf: 1530086 bytes, checksum: 8dadcadd3651508d8270007afac1647a (MD5) Dissertação DEFINITIVO final.docx: 2167242 bytes, checksum: 514929fb7b5ba6abd6001d8f5ca41ed6 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Maria Lucia Martins Frederico null (mlucia@fca.unesp.br) on 2018-11-06T16:09:03Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 noda_sbh_me_botfca.pdf: 1530086 bytes, checksum: 8dadcadd3651508d8270007afac1647a (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-11-06T16:09:04Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 noda_sbh_me_botfca.pdf: 1530086 bytes, checksum: 8dadcadd3651508d8270007afac1647a (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-08-07 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / As curvas de absorção de nutrientes e o acúmulo de matéria seca em função da idade da planta possibilitam conhecer os períodos de maior exigência dos nutrientes e de produção de massa de matéria seca, obtendo-se informações seguras quanto às épocas mais convenientes de aplicação de fertilizantes. Frequentemente, empresas privadas, empresas públicas e cooperativas estão desenvolvendo novos híbridos e cultivares de cebola adaptadas às variadas condições climáticas, com diferentes exigências nutricionais. Desse modo, são necessários estudos envolvendo as curvas de absorção de nutrientes dos diversos genótipos lançados, no sentido de aprimorar as recomendações de calagem e adubação. O objetivo do projeto foi obter a curva de absorção de nutrientes em híbridos de cebola em condições de campo. O projeto foi desenvolvido em parceria com a empresa Sakata Seed Sudamerica Ltda que forneceu o material utilizado para o experimento. As plantas amostradas periodicamente foram analisadas para os teores de macro e micronutrientes seguindo metodologia descrita na literatura. Os resultados dos teores de nutrientes foram multiplicados pela massa seca da parte aérea, bulbos e raízes, para gerar a quantidade de nutrientes contida nas plantas de cebola e assim, poder gerar a curva de absorção. Além disso, os bulbos colhidos foram analisados quanto às características físicas e químicas para fins de caracterização do material. De modo geral ambos os materiais se comportaram de modo semelhante quanto ao acúmulo de nutrientes. A quantidade de extração apresentaram dados relevantes para o manejo da adubação dos híbridos estudados. As quantidades exportadas demonstraram que ambos os materiais foram eficientes na conversão de nutrientes para formação de bulbos. / The absorption march of nutrients and the accumulation of dry matter through plant’s growth stages provide information about periods of highest nutrient demand and dry mass production, obtaining reliable data on the most advantageous moment of application of fertilizers. Often, private companies, public companies and co-ops develop new onion hybrids and cultivars adapted to varied climate conditions with different nutritional requirements. Thus, researches about the nutrients absorption march of different cultivars are essential, in order to improve the liming and fertilization recommendations and to increase the onion yield. The purpose of this study was to determine the growth and nutrients uptake by two different onion hybrid plants under field conditions. The project was developed in partnership with the company Sakata Seed Sudamerica Ltda that provided the material used in the experiment and location. The plants collected were analyzed for macronutrients and micronutrients contents according to methodology described in literature. The analyses were done by the University’s laboratory. The results of the analyses were multiplied by the dry matter of leaves, bulbs and roots, in order to obtain the amount of nutrients in the onion plants. Further, the harvested bulbs were analyzed for physical and chemical characteristics to characterization purposes. In general, both genotypes behaved similarly to nutrient accumulation. The amount of extraction presented relevant data for the management of the fertilization of the studied hybrids. The exported quantities showed that both materials were efficient in converting nutrients to bulb formation / Código de Financiamento 001

Orientador: Arthur Bernardes Cecílio Filho / Banca: Pedro Luis da Costa Aguiar Alves / Banca: Rovilson José de Souza / Resumo: O experimento foi realizado na UNESP - Campus de Jaboticabal, SP, com o objetivo de avaliar diferentes períodos de cobertura de plantas de chicória com tecido de polipropileno (TP), branco, de 20 g m-2 sobre o crescimento, acúmulo de macronutrientes e produção de chicória crespa. O delineamento experimental foi o de blocos casualizados, em esquema fatorial 2x4, com quatro repetições. Os tratamentos constituíram-se de duas cultivares de chicória (Chicória Crespa e AF-218) e sistemas de cultivo, os quais distinguiram-se quanto a cobertura ou não com polipropileno e o tempo de permanência da cobertura, ou seja: 1- não cobertura da chicória com polipropileno; 2- 15 dias após o transplantio (DAT) coberto, 3- 30 DAT coberto e 4- 42 DAT coberto, o que correspondeu a todo o período de crescimento da chicória no campo. Para a avaliação do crescimento e acúmulo de macronutrientes, o delineamento experimental adotado foi o de parcelas subdivididas, com 4 repetições. Na parcela, os quatro tratamentos constituíram-se duas cultivares e dois sistemas de cultivo (com e sem polipropileno) e na subparcela a idade da planta (7, 14, 21, 28, 35 e 42 dias após o transplantio). A semeadura foi realizada em 02-06-2003 e o transplantio em 27-06-2003. A colocação do polipropileno foi feita diretamente sobre as plantas, fixando-se as laterais na parte externa do canteiro. Observou-se que o aumento do período de cobertura das plantas com polipropileno aumentou a altura, número de folhas e a massa fresca da parte aérea (MFPA) das duas cultivares. O emprego do TP durante todo o período pós-transplantio promoveu precocidade da colheita em oito dias, além de qualidade superior com folhas mais tenras e limpas. Somente para acúmulo de nitrogênio e cálcio não houve diferença entre os tratamentos no final do ciclo. A cobertura com TP proporcionou maior acúmulo de P, K, Mg e S para ambas... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo). / Abstract: The aim of this work was to evaluate the growth, nutrient uptake and production of endive curly subjected to periods of plant covering with white polypropylene cloth (PC) (20 g m2). The experiment was carried out at Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP)- Campus of Jaboticabal, SP, Brazil. The experimental design was a randomized block design with a factorial 4 x 2 and four replications. The treatments consisted of two cultivate of endive (Chicória Crespa and AF-218), and different cultivation systems, with and without the polypropylene covering, and it’s permanence, that is: 1- without polypropylene covering; 2- 15 days after the transplanting (DAT), covering 3- 30 DAT and covering 4 - 42 DAT, what corresponded the whole period of growth of the endive in the field. For the growth and nutrient uptake evaluation the experiment was set in a randomized block design with divided-plots and four replications. In the plot, the four treatments consisted of two cultivate and two cultivation systems (with and without polypropylene) and in the subplot the age of the plant (7, 14, 21, 28. 35 and 42 days after transplant). The sowing was done in June 2nd , 2003 and the transplanting in June 27th. The placement of the polypropylene was made directly over the plants, fixing the lateral parts in the external side of the plot. Observed that the increasing of the covering period with polypropylene increased the aerial plant part, number of the leaves and fresh matter of the aerial part (FMAP) of both cultivate. The use of the PC was associated higher accumulation of P, K, Mg and S in both genotypes. Plants of AF-218 covered with PC during the whole for all period after of transplant, and with higher FMAP, accumulated 836, 515, 205, 144, 90 and 65 mg plant, respectively of N, K, Ca, Mg, S, and P. / Mestre

No description available.

Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) play an important role in nutrient cycling and growth of flax (Linum usitatissimum L.). However, limited information is available regarding the symbiotic association between flax and AMF in field environments. A study was conducted to survey AMF communities colonizing flax grown in Saskatchewan. Additionally, field and growth chamber studies investigated the impact of AMF inoculation on nutrient uptake and growth of flax. Eighteen commercial flax fields were surveyed to assess mycorrhizal colonization of flax and to assess the impact of agricultural practices and soil abiotic factors on AMF activity. The flax root-associated AMF communities were explored using a 454 sequencing method, together with microscopic-based measurements of root AMF colonization and soil spore density. High levels of root colonization were detected in most flax fields. Of the 222 AMF operational taxonomic units (OTUs) identified in flax roots, 181 OTUs clustered as Funneliformis-Rhizophagus, 19 as Claroideoglomus, 14 as Paraglomus, six as Diversisporales and two as Archaeospora. Results suggest that tillage influenced the composition of AMF communities colonizing flax, and reduced relative AMF abundance and species richness. Additionally, AMF community characteristics were related to soil abiotic factors such as pH, EC, available phosphorus and nitrogen. Field experiments were conducted over two years (two sites per year) using a commercial AMF inoculant applied at three rates (0, 1X, and 2X the recommended rate) with or without P fertilizer (16.8 kg ha-1). The response of flax cultivars to AMF inoculation was examined in a growth chamber experiment. In addition, 454 sequencing was employed to examine the impact of AMF inoculation on root-associated AMF communities. Under field conditions, only one site showed increased root colonization with AMF inoculation. Flax responded to AMF inoculation differently under different field conditions. At the two sites with intermediate initial soil P level, evidence of increased above-ground biomass and plant nutrient uptake with AMF inoculation was observed. However, such an effect was not detected when P fertilizer was combined with the inoculation. At a low P site and an irrigated site, P application accounted for all of the increases in plant nutrient uptake and biomass of flax, whereas no responses to AMF inoculation were detected. The 454 sequencing revealed different inoculation-induced changes in the diversity and composition of root-associated AMF communities between sites, which was possibly related to different field environments and native AMF communities. In the growth chamber, AMF inoculation resulted in general increases of plant nutrient uptake among cultivars, but only one cultivar showed enhanced biomass with inoculation. The diversity of AMF communities colonizing different flax cultivars was generally reduced by AMF inoculation. Community composition shifted under AMF inoculation, and the shifts appeared to be cultivar specific. These results suggested that benefits of AMF inoculation in flax production are limited and currently not predictable, and the degree of response is likely dependent on a myriad of soil and environmental conditions.