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Crown rust, caused by the fungus Puccinia coronata, is a severe disease negatively impacting seed quality and yield in oat (Avena sativa). Host genetic resistance is the primary means for controlling this disease. The most extensive oat map contains nearly 2,500 genetic markers, many of which are restriction and amplified fragment length polymorphic (RFLP or AFLP) markers. However, the use of more abundant single nucleotide polymorphic (SNP) markers combined with diversity arrays technology (DArT) would be more advantageous for marker assisted breeding (MAB) and genome wide selection (GWS) applications due to the availability of high density genotyping technologies. The purpose of using this technology is to improve the competitiveness of oat by producing varieties with durable resistance to crown rust and desirable traits that will benefit oat growers in the U.S. Panels of winter and spring oat were evaluated for resistance to crown rust in four field environments in Texas, Louisiana, Minnesota, and North Dakota during a two-year study in 2010 and 2011. Plants representing 702 elite lines of oat were phenotyped for crown rust resistance and found to have highly diverse responses. The winter oat lines demonstrated the best crown rust resistance and are expected to yield the most QTL to be used in developing durable crown rust resistance. Heritability of crown rust resistance in this study ranged from 0.88 to 0.90 in spring and winter oats, respectively. Crown rust measurements were also found to be repeatable. Repeatability ranged from 0.56 to 0.88 at Castroville, TX in 2011 and 2010, respectively in spring oats and from 0.79 at St. Paul, MN in 2011 to 0.96 at Castroville, TX in 2010 in winter oats. Oat lines contributed by states along the Puccinia pathway in Texas, Louisiana, Minnesota, North Dakota, and Wisconsin on average exhibited the best crown rust resistance as compared to other areas in the country where spring and winter oat are grown. GGE biplot analysis indicated that Castroville, TX was the most representative and most ideal testing location. The above results are expected to increase knowledge of the genetic diversity of the oat germplasm, yield comprehensive genotyping and phenotyping information for North American oat breeding programs, and to promote further use of GWS and MAB for key traits regarding disease resistance in oat. Future work is to conclude the association mapping process by completing genotypic analysis.

The primary grain in oat spikelets is larger than the secondary grain. Oat genotypes were grown to determine the effects of planting primary and secondary grains separately on vegetative and reproductive growth. Plants from primary seeds had higher yields than those from secondary seeds. The advantage was associated with earliness of heading. It was concluded that increased seed uniformity would be advantageous. / Reductions in panicle size by removal of all primary grains and some secondary grains indicated that secondary grains have more growth potential than observed in untreated panicles. However, secondary grains in the treated panicles did not achieve weights equalling those of primary grains in the untreated panicles. / Variation in primary:secondary seed weight ratios was found among experiments. The variability was attributed mainly to instability of secondary grain weight. / The inheritance of secondary grain weight and of the primary:secondary seed weight ratio was studied at two locations. For both traits, additive and non-additive genetic effects were evident. Dominant gene action was relatively unimportant, suggesting good potential for improvement through pure-line breeding.

Nineteen cultivars and fourteen breeding lines were evaluated for partial resistance to crown rust Puccinia coronata race 264. Multivariate statistical methods such as principal component and cluster analyses were employed to identify significant resistance parameters and to group oat genotypes with similar rust resistance characteristics. This involved two separate investigations consisting of two experiments each, the first experiment conducted under field conditions and the second conducted under growth bench conditions. From both of the investigations a group of oat genotypes with high partial resistance to P. coronata race 264 was obtained. These are OA 712-17, OA 712-33, Glen, Woodstock, QO 220.13, and QO 574.21. These oat genotypes are currently being used as parents in crosses in the Macdonald Campus of McGill University oat breeding program.

xvii, 255 leaves : photos, tables, graphs ; 30 cm. / Title page, contents and abstract only. The complete thesis in print form is available from the University Library. / Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Adelaide, Dept. of Plant Physiology, 1979

O presente trabalho avaliou a produção e a qualidade nutricional das gramíneas de clima temperado: Aveia Branca IPR 126 (ABR), Aveia Preta IAPAR 61(AV), azevém Barjumbo (AZ) e centeio Temprano (CE), através da confecção de silagem pré-seca em diferentes estádios fenológicos: vegetativo e reprodutivo. O experimento foi conduzido na Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná, Câmpus Dois Vizinhos de abril à setembro de 2013 em uma área experimental de 560m², divididos em 32 parcelas de 16m² cada. A semeadura foi realizada de forma manual no dia 27 de abril de 2013 em solo devidamente corrigido, a adubação aplicada foi a base de N-P-K. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi blocos ao acaso (DBA) em esquema bifatorial, avaliando a cultivar e o estádio fenológico das gramíneas. Os tratamentos foram as gramíneas ABR, AV, AZ e CE, que foram avaliadas as diferenças qualitativas e quantitativas entre os mesmos, e os estádios fenológicos foram o vegetativo (primeiro e segundo corte) e reprodutivo: totalizando (4X3) 12 tratamentos com 4 repetições. A ensilagem foi realizada em microsilos de PVC (500 mm de comprimento por 100 mm de diâmetro). Foram realizados três cortes, dois com as plantas em estádio vegetativo e um no estádio reprodutivo. O primeiro corte do estádio vegetativo realizou-se dia 16 de julho de 2013, totalizando 80 dias da semeadura até o corte. O segundo corte do estádio vegetativo, foi realizado em diferentes datas: 29 de agosto para a ABR e 11 de setembro de 2013 para AV, AZ e CE, e o corte da (fase reprodutiva) da mesma forma foi realizado em diferentes datas: 10 agosto de 2013 para a ABR, 15 de agosto para AV e 10 de setembro para o AZ e CE, totalizando respectivamente, 105, 110 e 136 dias após a semeadura. Os cortes foram realizados a dez cm do solo para os cultivares ABR e AV e sete cm para AZ e CE, essa altura foi determinada em relação à estrutura das plantas, para favorecer o rebrote. A pré-secagem apresentou-se eficiente para a conservação das gramíneas de inverno, e a ensilagem conseguiu preservar ao máximo a qualidade das mesmas. Maiores produções de matéria seca/ha obteve-se na fase reprodutiva das plantas e sem perdas no valor nutritivo para ensilagem com teores acima de 35% de matéria seca. A aveia preta IAPAR 61 se destacou em relação à produção de matéria seca comparada a aveia branca IPR 126, azevém Barjumbo e centeio Temprano. O azevém Barjumbo e centeio Temprano apresentaram os melhores índices de valor nutritivo no corte em estádio vegetativo da planta. / This study evaluated the production and nutritional quality of temperate grasses: Oats White IPR 126 (ABR), Oats Black IAPAR 61 (AV), ryegrass Barjumbo (AZ) and rye Temprano (EC) by making haylage dry web at different growth stages: vegetative and reproductive. The experiment was conducted at the Federal Technological University of Paraná, Campus Two Neighbors April to September 2013 in an experimental area of 560m², divided into 32 plots of 16 m each. The seeding was done manually on April 27, 2013 in properly limed soil, the applied fertilizer was the NPK. The experimental design was randomized blocks (DBA) in a factorial scheme, assessing the cultivar and the phenological stage of the grasses. The treatments were the ABR grasses, AV, AZ and CE, the qualitative and quantitative differences were evaluated between them, and the phenological stages were vegetative (first and second cut) and reproductive: total (4X3) 12 treatments with 4 replicates . Silos were made in PVC microsilos (500 mm long by 100 mm diameter). We conducted three sections, two with the plants in vegetative stage and one in the reproductive stage. The first cut of the vegetative stage was held on 16 July 2013, a total of 80 days from sowing to the court. The second section of the vegetative stage was held on different dates: August 29 for ABR and September 11, 2013 AV, AZ and CE, and the court (reproductive stage) was similarly conducted on different dates: 10 August 2013 to Apr, August 15 to September 10 and AV for AZ and CE, totaling respectively, 105, 110 and 136 days after sowing. The cuts were made to ten inches from the ground to the ABR and AV cultivars and three inches to AZ and CE, this time was determined in relation to the plant structure to encourage the regrowth. The pre-drying introduced himself efficient for conservation of winter grasses and silage has managed to preserve the most of their quality. Higher yields of dry matter / ha was obtained in the stages of plants and no loss in nutritive value for silage at levels above 35% dry matter. The oat IAPAR 61 excelled in the production of dry matter compared to oat IPR 126, ryegrass and rye Barjumbo Temprano. The Barjumbo and rye Temprano ryegrass showed the best rates of nutritional value in court in vegetative stage of the plant.

CAPES; PAE / O azevém é uma das espécies forrageiras mais utilizadas na região Sul do Brasil no período de inverno, com a finalidade de suprir a falta de pastagens estivais. O objetivo deste estudo foi de definir a altura de entrada para pastejo com interceptação luminosa de 95%, a produção de forragem e o valor nutricional do azevém (Lolium multiflorum Lam.) cv. Barjumbo e do azevém comum (Lolium multiflorum) consorciados ou não com aveia (Avena strigosa Schreb) cv. IAPAR 61 submetidos a dois resíduos de pastejo. O trabalho foi realizado na Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná, Câmpus Dois Vizinhos, no período de abril a setembro de 2012. O delineamento experimental foi um bifatorial 4x2, totalizando oito tratamentos com três repetições, sendo avaliados os azevém comum e barjumbo solteiros e consorciados com aveia preta em duas alturas de resíduo pós-pastejo: Alto: 50% da altura de entrada; Baixo: 30% da altura de entrada. Os resultados indicaram que o azevém comum solteiro e consorciado obteve maior produção que o cultivar barjumbo, quando consorciado apresentou maior taxa de acúmulo apenas quando consorciado com aveia. A produção de folhas não diferenciou entre os cultivares, apenas a produção de colmo que menor para o cultivar barjumbo. A produção de aveia, excluindo os cultivares de azevém foi maior quando foi consorciada com o cultivar barjumbo. A altura de entrada para os cultivares de azevém foi de 26,86 cm para o barjumbo e 28,75 cm para o comum, e quando consorciados foi de 34,01 cm e 32,48 cm respectivamente. O barjumbo solteiro apresentou maior teor PB. Os teores de FDN e FDA foram menores para o cultivar barjumbo solteiro e consorciado em relação ao cultivar comum e como consequência a digestibilidade e NDT foram superiores. / Ryegrass is one of the most widely used forage species in southern Brazil during the winter, supplying the lack of summer pastures. The aim of this study was to evaluate forage production and nutricional value of ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum Lam) cv. Barjumbo and common ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum) intercropping or not with oats (Avena strigosa Schreb) cv. IAPAR 61 underwent two grazing residues. In addition to defining the ideal time input grazing systems studied. The study was conducted at the Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná, Câmpus Dois Vizinhos, in the period April to September 2012. The experimental design was a 4x2 factorial, totaling eight treatments with three replicates, being evaluated common and barjumbo ryegrass single and intercropped with oat barjumbo in two heights of post-grazing residue: High: 50% of the height of entry; Low: 30% of the height of entry. The results indicated that ryegrass common single and intercropped increased the production and cultivate barjumbo higher accumulation rate comparing both syndicated. But leaf production did not differ among cultivars, only the production of stem which was lower for cultivate barjumbo. Thus the production of oats excluding ryegrass cultivars was higher when it was intercropped with cultivate barjumbo. The point of entry for ryegrass cultivars was 26.86 cm and 28.75 cm for barjumbo to common and when intercropped with oats was 34.01 cm and 32.48 cm respectively. The single barjumbo showed higher crude protein. The levels of neutral detergent fiber and acid detergent fiber were lower for single cultivar and intercropped barjumbo relative to cultivate common and consequently digestibility and total digestible nutrients were higher.

CAPES; PAE / O azevém é uma das espécies forrageiras mais utilizadas na região Sul do Brasil no período de inverno, com a finalidade de suprir a falta de pastagens estivais. O objetivo deste estudo foi de definir a altura de entrada para pastejo com interceptação luminosa de 95%, a produção de forragem e o valor nutricional do azevém (Lolium multiflorum Lam.) cv. Barjumbo e do azevém comum (Lolium multiflorum) consorciados ou não com aveia (Avena strigosa Schreb) cv. IAPAR 61 submetidos a dois resíduos de pastejo. O trabalho foi realizado na Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná, Câmpus Dois Vizinhos, no período de abril a setembro de 2012. O delineamento experimental foi um bifatorial 4x2, totalizando oito tratamentos com três repetições, sendo avaliados os azevém comum e barjumbo solteiros e consorciados com aveia preta em duas alturas de resíduo pós-pastejo: Alto: 50% da altura de entrada; Baixo: 30% da altura de entrada. Os resultados indicaram que o azevém comum solteiro e consorciado obteve maior produção que o cultivar barjumbo, quando consorciado apresentou maior taxa de acúmulo apenas quando consorciado com aveia. A produção de folhas não diferenciou entre os cultivares, apenas a produção de colmo que menor para o cultivar barjumbo. A produção de aveia, excluindo os cultivares de azevém foi maior quando foi consorciada com o cultivar barjumbo. A altura de entrada para os cultivares de azevém foi de 26,86 cm para o barjumbo e 28,75 cm para o comum, e quando consorciados foi de 34,01 cm e 32,48 cm respectivamente. O barjumbo solteiro apresentou maior teor PB. Os teores de FDN e FDA foram menores para o cultivar barjumbo solteiro e consorciado em relação ao cultivar comum e como consequência a digestibilidade e NDT foram superiores. / Ryegrass is one of the most widely used forage species in southern Brazil during the winter, supplying the lack of summer pastures. The aim of this study was to evaluate forage production and nutricional value of ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum Lam) cv. Barjumbo and common ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum) intercropping or not with oats (Avena strigosa Schreb) cv. IAPAR 61 underwent two grazing residues. In addition to defining the ideal time input grazing systems studied. The study was conducted at the Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná, Câmpus Dois Vizinhos, in the period April to September 2012. The experimental design was a 4x2 factorial, totaling eight treatments with three replicates, being evaluated common and barjumbo ryegrass single and intercropped with oat barjumbo in two heights of post-grazing residue: High: 50% of the height of entry; Low: 30% of the height of entry. The results indicated that ryegrass common single and intercropped increased the production and cultivate barjumbo higher accumulation rate comparing both syndicated. But leaf production did not differ among cultivars, only the production of stem which was lower for cultivate barjumbo. Thus the production of oats excluding ryegrass cultivars was higher when it was intercropped with cultivate barjumbo. The point of entry for ryegrass cultivars was 26.86 cm and 28.75 cm for barjumbo to common and when intercropped with oats was 34.01 cm and 32.48 cm respectively. The single barjumbo showed higher crude protein. The levels of neutral detergent fiber and acid detergent fiber were lower for single cultivar and intercropped barjumbo relative to cultivate common and consequently digestibility and total digestible nutrients were higher.

Orientador: Jaime Amaya-Farfán / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia de Alimentos / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-16T20:15:30Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Rocha_LianeMurari_M.pdf: 1432593 bytes, checksum: 24e7488e1f2f725796661cf483329250 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010 / Resumo: A ingestão do grão de amaranto é conhecida por promover a redução dos níveis de colesterol no sangue. O presente estudo teve como objetivo avaliar o efeito do consumo diário de cookies de amaranto por adultos diagnosticados com síndrome metabólica (SM), sem promover outras alterações na dieta habitual destes. Participaram da pesquisa 18 indivíduos de ambos os gêneros, com idade entre 33 e 55 anos, diagnosticados com SM de acordo com o critério do National Cholesterol Education Program. Os participantes consumiram aleatoriamente 30g por dia de farinha de aveia ou amaranto na forma de cookies durante 30 dias. Em jejum, o colesterol total sérico total (CT), lipoproteína de baixa, muito baixa e elevada densidade (LDL-C, VLDLC e HDL-C), triacilglicerol, insulina e glicose foram medidos e o índice HOMA foi calculado antes e após a intervenção. Os participantes também foram pesados, tiveram sua circunferência abdominal e pressão arterial medidas nas fases inicial e final do estudo. Três dias de registros alimentares foram preenchidos a cada semana durante a intervenção. Os dados obtidos foram submetidos à ANOVA e Wilcoxon, com significância estatística definida em P< 0,05. Nenhuma diferença significativa foi observada para os parâmetros analisados entre os grupos que consumiram aveia e amaranto. No entanto, ambos os grupos apresentaram níveis significativamente mais baixos de CT (-28mg/dL, p = 0,011 e -27.3mg/dL, p = 0,0209, para a aveia e amaranto, respectivamente.). O consumo de aveia promoveu a redução de HDL-C (-4.2mg/ dL, p = 0,013), enquanto o amaranto não apresentou esse efeito, mas diminuiu LDL-C (-19 mg/dL, p = 0,033). A pressão sistólica (-8mm Hg, p = 0.0117) e HOMA (-0,8, p = 0,036) diminuíram nos voluntários que consumiram amaranto. Uma modificação mínima na dieta típica brasileira com cookies de amaranto apresentou vantagem quando comparado à aveia com relação à diminuição dos níveis de colesterol sanguíneo e HOMA, no entanto, sem melhorar os parâmetros de SM / Abstract: Ingestion of amaranth grain is known to lower the levels of blood cholesterol. Here we wished to evaluate the effect of consuming a few cookies a day of amaranth by adults diagnosed with metabolic syndrome (MS), without further changes of their normal diet. The diets of 18 subjects of both genders, aged 33 to 55 years, diagnosed with MS by the criteria of the National Cholesterol Education Program were randomly intervened by either consuming 30g/day of oatmeal or amaranth flour cookies for 30 days. Fasting serum total cholesterol (TC), low-, very low-, and high density-lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C, VLDL-C and HDL-C) and serum triacylglycerol and blood insulin and glucose were measured before and after the intervention. The homeostasis model assessment (HOMA) of insulin resistance was calculated. Participants were also weighed, had their waist circumference and blood pressure measured at the initial and final stages. Three-day dietary records were filled out each week during the intervention. Data obtained were submitted to ANOVA and Wilcoxon, with statistical significance defined at P<0.05. No significant difference was observed for any of the analyzed parameters between the oatmeal and amaranth groups. However, both groups gained significantly lower TC levels (¿28mg/dL, p=0.011 and ¿27.3mg/dL, p= 0,0209, for oats and amaranth, resp.), but oats reduced HDL-C (¿4.2mg/dL, p=0.013), while amaranth did not and yet diminishing LDL-C (¿19mg/dL, p=0.033). Systolic pressure (¿8mm Hg, p=0,0117) and HOMA (¿0.8, p=0,036) decreased within the amaranth volunteers. Minimal modification of a common Brazilian diet with amaranth cookies had an advantage over oats in lowering blood cholesterol and HOMA indices, but without improving MS parameters / Mestrado / Nutrição Experimental e Aplicada à Tecnologia de Alimentos / Mestre em Alimentos e Nutrição

Please read the abstract in the dissertation. / Dissertation (MSc)--University of Pretoria, 2000. / Plant Science / unrestricted