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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

Wo fehlt Grün? – Defizitanalyse von Grünvolumen in Städten

Frick, Annett, Wagner, Kathrin, Kiefer, Thomas, Tervooren, Steffen 27 December 2021 (has links)
Unter urbanem Grün werden durch Vegetation bedeckte Flächen in Städten, wie beispielsweise Parkanlagen, Friedhöfe, Kleingärten, Straßengrün und -bäume, Wald, oft Naturschutzflächen zusammengefasst. Durch den zunehmenden Siedlungsdruck und die damit einhergehenden Stadterweiterungen und Nachverdichtungen werden vielerorts grüne Freiräume beschnitten, versiegelt oder bebaut. Gleichzeitig haben Städte in Zukunft durch den Klimawandel mit einer Zunahme an heißen Tagen zu rechnen. Im Rahmen des Projekts „Wie grün sind bundesdeutsche Städte? – Fernerkundliche Erfassung und stadträumlich-funktionale Differenzierung der Grünausstattung von Städten in Deutschland“ werden unter anderem die räumlichen Defizite der Grünausstattung in Fallstudienstädten untersucht: Wo fehlt Grün und wie lässt sich dies über Indikatoren abbilden? Das Grünvolumen wird aus digitalen Oberflächenmodellen bestimmt. In Verbindung mit dem Versiegelungsanteil und der aus Thermal-Satellitendaten erfassten Oberflächentemperatur wird ein empirischer linearer Zusammenhang ermittelt. Mithilfe des linearen Modells kann dann eine Aussage getroffen werden, wie viel Grünvolumen benötigt wird, um die vorherrschende Oberflächentemperatur um einen gewünschten Betrag zu senken. Flächen mit besonderem Handlungsbedarf werden somit aufgezeigt und können anschließend Eingang in kommunale Planungen und eine nachhaltige Stadtentwicklung finden.
2

Incorporating the effect of heterogeneous surface heating into a semi-empirical model of the surface energy balance closure

Wanner, Luise, Calaf, Marc, Mauder, Matthias 01 March 2024 (has links)
It was discovered several decades ago that eddy covariance measurements systematically underestimate sensible and latent heat fluxes, creating an imbalance in the surface energy budget. Since then, many studies have addressed this problem and proposed a variety of solutions to the problem, including improvements to instruments and correction methods applied during data postprocessing. However, none of these measures have led to the complete closure of the energy balance gap. The leading hypothesis is that not only surface-attached turbulent eddies but also sub-mesoscale atmospheric circulations contribute to the transport of energy in the atmospheric boundary layer, and the contribution from organized motions has been grossly neglected. The problem arises because the transport of energy through these secondary circulations cannot be captured by the standard eddy covariance method given the relatively short averaging periods of time (~30 minutes) used to compute statistics. There are various approaches to adjust the measured heat fluxes by attributing the missing energy to the sensible and latent heat flux in different proportions. However, few correction methods are based on the processes causing the energy balance gap. Several studies have shown that the magnitude of the energy balance gap depends on the atmospheric stability and the heterogeneity scale of the landscape around the measurement site. Based on this, the energy balance gap within the surface layer has already been modelled as a function of a nonlocal atmospheric stability parameter by performing a large-eddy simulation study with idealized homogeneous surfaces. We have further developed this approach by including thermal surface heterogeneity in addition to atmospheric stability in the parameterization. Specifically, we incorporated a thermal heterogeneity parameter that was shown to relate to the magnitude of the energy balance gap. For this purpose, we use a Large-Eddy Simulation dataset of 28 simulations with seven different atmospheric conditions and three heterogeneous surfaces with different heterogeneity scales as well as one homogeneous surface. The newly developed model captures very well the variability in the magnitude of the energy balance gap under different conditions. The model covers a wide range of both atmospheric stabilities and landscape heterogeneity scales and is well suited for application to eddy covariance measurements since all necessary information can be modelled or obtained from a few additional measurements.

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