Cílem práce bylo zjistit a zhodnotit, zda provedení adjustabilní žaludeční bandáže (bariatrická léčba) u morbidně obézních pacientů (BMI>35) vede k signifikantnímu snížení hodnoty BMI a dále na základě vybraných kritérií zhodnotit současnou situaci v oblasti obezity ve světě. Byly stanoveny dvě hypotézy: H1: provedení adjustabilní žaludeční bandáže morbidně obézním pacientům vede k signifikantnímu snížení BMI a hypotéza H2: existují rozdíly v hodnotách BMI v závislosti na geografick&eacu te;m původu, pohlaví, kulturních a ekonomických odlišnostech. Sledování se uskutečnila v klinickém centru ISCARE I.V.F. a. s. v Praze na pracovišti Centra pro léčbu obezity. Byla statisticky zpracována a zhodnocena data 159 obézních pacientů (BMI>35) operovaných v rámci bariatrické chirurgie metodou adjustabilní gastrické bandáže (věk, pohlaví, stupeň dosaženého vzdělání, hodnota BMI před operačním výkonem, 1. týden po operaci, 1 měsíc po operaci, 3 měsíce po operaci, 6 měsíců po operaci, 1 rok po operaci a komplikace související s výkonem a léčbou) a dále data WHO o hodnotách BMI podle geografického regionu, pohlaví, kulturních a ekonomických odlišností. Hypotéza H1 byla potvrzena. Po adjustabilní žaludeční bandáži dochází u pacientů k statisticky významnému poklesu (P<0,05) hodnoty BMI (ze 42,27 - + 5,58 na 35,13 - + 6,0). Pokles hodnoty BMI není závislý na věku pacienta ani na pohlaví pacienta, avšak je signifikantně (P<0,05) ovlivněn stupněm dosaženého vzdělání. Nejlepších výsledků bylo dosaženo u vysokoškolsky vzdělaných pacientů. Procento komplikací (4,4%) po operačním zákroku bylo vzhledem k počtu provedených zákroků nízké. Také hypotéza H2 byla potvrzena. Byly prokázány rozdíly v z& aacute;vislosti na geografickém regionu, pohlaví, kulturních a ekonomických odlišnostech. První místo v dosažené hodnotě BMI zaujímá Severní Amerika, naopak nízké hodnoty BMI vykazují státy Subsaharské Afriky, u evropské populace byl zjištěn vyšší BMI u mužů nežli u žen v porovnání se zbývajícími hodnocenými oblastmi. Muži Severní Ameriky zaujímají první místo svou hodnotou BMI, zatímco u žen je to Střední Východ a Severní Afrika. Byl zjištěn pouze statisticky nevýznamný nárůst BMI v jednotlivých oblastech světa. Existuje signifikantní rozdíl (P< 0,05) v hodnotách BMI mezi ekonomicky vyspělými a ekonomicky méně vysp ělými státy. V ekonomicky méně vyspělých zemích existují rozdíly mezi BMI žen a mužů, kdy ženy mají průkazně vyšší (P< 0,05) hodnoty BMI oproti mužům. Obecně nejvyšší BMI vykazují státy s křesťanskou kulturou, poté státy s kulturou islámskou a nakonec státy ovlivněné buddhismem a hinduismem. U ekonomicky méně vyspělých států je dosahováno nejvyššího BMI u křesťanských států, naopak z ekonomicky vyspělých států mají nejvyšší hodnotu BMI státy s islámskou kulturou.

No description available.

No description available.

No description available.

No description available.

No description available.

In the introductory part of the literary research my diploma thesis explains the me-tabolism of nutrients in the body of the chow and the function of energetic metabolism. The next part is devoted to assessment of human nutritional status, where methods of body composition and nutritional indicators are described, including appropriate nutritional recommendations. The conclusion of the research deals with the problems of obesity, its causes and the way of therapy. In connection with obesity, reduction courses focusing on the STOB organization are described. The practical part is focused on the assessment of changes in the eating habits of participants of the STOB Reduction Course on the basis of the questionnaire submitted by me. Furthermore, the development of the composition of individual parts of the body and the assessment of anthropometric data are monitored. Values are monitored before and after the course for 12 weeks. The obtained data are statistically evaluated in STATISTICA 12 programme and the resulting values are then compared with the recommended values.

First part of the theoretical charter presents the nutrition guidelines. It explains the concept of energy expenditure and energy intake which meansthemain food components, the in importance and influence on the human body. In the theoretical part, ther also a chapter illustrating the regulatory mechanisms in volved in food intake. It offers, as well, the topic of overweight and obesity, their causes, complications and treatment options. The methods to determine the body composition and physical parameters are mentioned in conclusion of the theoretical part. The practical part is focused on monitoring of the development of energy intake, fats, carbohydrates and proteins of participants of weight loss program STOB. The irvalues are measured at the beginning and attheend of the program. The data are statistically evaluated by the software STATISTICA 12. The input data are taken during the first program 'sweek. The final values are compared with the recommended ones.

Summary Obesity is a serious condition that brings many health risks and the attendant reduction of the quality of the dog's life. For those reasons, it is important to prevent obesity and to focus on its prevention, which is full responsibility of the owner. The owner should therefore have enough appropriate information about the basic needs of their dog's diet, its natural behavior, and its need to move. The veterinarians play an important role in that . The aim of this work is to cover the issue of obesity in dogs with the help of research and a questionnaire survey. A part of the aim is to map how owners and breeders cooperate with veterinarians, if/how they are informed about their dog's nutrition, whether they focus on preventing obesity in their dogs, or what they do if their dog is already overweight. The questionnaires helped evaluate four hypotheses: 1) The dogs whose owners haven't discussed the dog's weight with their veterinarians (while the veterinarians have not offered any consulting about nutrition) suffer from obesity more than others. 2) The dogs whose owners actively focus on obesity prevention suffer from obesity less than others. 3) The dogs who have access to food ad libitum and at the same time their daily activity is less than 1 hour suffer from obesity more than others. 4) The dogs who are fed industrially processed food and whose owners prefer price to quality when choosing food suffer from obesity more than others. Altogether, 161 questionnaires were filled in and subsequently evaluated. The respondents comprised both males and females of all ages who owned dogs of both sexes and various breeds and ages. This sample of respondents confirmed the first two hypotheses. The other two hypotheses have not been statistically confirmed. Twenty percent of the dogs were categorized as overweight or obese. Overall, the questionnaires showed that in most cases, those respondents trust their veterinarians, they pay attention to prevention and also share the veterinarian's opinion on their dog's condition. On the other hand, the questionnaires also showed that the veterinarians could be more proactive. Even among the dogs of the above mentioned respondents, there were overweight or obese dogs. Obesity is a hot issue and these days, it is considered a disease. Its prevention should therefore be crucial.

Laminitis (commonly called founder) is the second most frequent reason to euthanize the horse after colic. It is a general system disease, which has many causes and risk factor and leads to significant changes in the anatomy of the hoof. If the horse fall sick, therapy is not always without aftereffects. A major part of horses affected by laminitis remain disabled and eventually must be euthanized. Experts believe that obesity is one of the risk factor for laminitis. Body condition is the actual nutritional status of the horse. Body condition may change during the life and it is mainly influenceable by way of breeding and management. This theses was tasked to compare the body condition of laminitic horses with healthy horses and find out whether laminitis is a potential risk for healthy horses. In theses are information about 63 horses, 31 horses with laminitis and 32 healthy horses. The results showed that 60,32 % horses (38/63) are designated as fat or obese (BCS 3,5 to 5), 20 horses with laminitis and 18 healthy horses. In ideal body condition (BCS 2,5 to 3) is 33,33 % (21/63), 8 horses with laminitis and 13 healthy horse. In bad body condition (BCS 0 to 2) is 6,35 % horses. From these results we can estimate that majority of horses (56,25 % healthy horses) is unnecessarily overfed, horses have not adequate exercise, they are in higher body condition. In these horses is higher probability for inception of laminitis. The statistical result showed that a group of horses with laminitis and a group of healthy horse are similar in BCS values. However both groups are different from the ideal BCS. Their BCS value (3,39) is higher than optimal (BCS 3). From this results we can conclude that obese horse does not always suffer from laminitis and also the horse in ideal body condition can fall sick with laminitis. Higher risk for laminitis is a horse overfeeding intensive spring grazing or excessive amount of concentrated feed than the nutritional status of the horse.