Uppsatsen är historiografisk och undersöker hur konststilen Den nya sakligheten beskrivits och värderats i Sverige vid skilda tidpunkter från dess uppkomst 1919 och framåt. Här beskrivs också den svenska stilen jämfört med dess internationella motsvarigheter. Vidare analysas hur såväl kontextuella som andra orsaker påverkat de skiftande omdömen som lämnats. Resonemang förs även om stilens placering i svensk konstkanon samt dess förhållande till modernismen i stort. Till grund för undersökningen ligger ett stort antal tidningsrecensioner från utställningar samt studier av olika tiders konsthistorieverk. Även orsaker till varför stilen under vissa tider mer eller mindre ignorerats analyseras.

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The heart of this thesis is an examination into the relevant differences between Nietzsche’s perspectivism and standpoint theory. Briefly, both standpoint theory and perspectivism have been subjected to various charges that dissolve into two major ones, which are worthy of additional scrutiny: the charges of essentialism and incoherence. My overall argument in thesis is that standpoint theory, in spite of recent feminist defense, is still susceptible to these charges, and this proves counterproductive to its aims of combatting marginalization. Moreover, I argue that Nietzsche’s perspectivism provides a corrective to the short comings of standpoint theory.

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This thesis shows how the appeal to the transcendent characterizes aspects of the debate amongst leading contemporary philosophers of science regarding the value-free ideal and the attendant aim of attaining objective knowledge. It compares the positions of leading feminist philosophers of science (Longino and Harding) with influential figures in the historically rooted Western belief who appeal to the transcendent in the pursuit of knowledge of the necessary and of the contingent. Chapter 2 relates the historically rooted Western belief in appeal to the transcendent in the pursuit of knowledge and includes two components: the pursuit of knowledge of the necessary and knowledge of the contingent. Chapter 3 assesses how contemporary leading feminist philosophers of science have contended with beliefs of influential 20th century thinkers (Weber, Kuhn and Quine) regarding this problem. Through this comparison, I provide commentary on how current leading philosophers of science have addressed the value-free ideal issue through the prism of appeal to transcendent reason as justification, as opposed to the historically rooted appeal to the transcendent itself via reason as justification and how this apparent disparity has bearing on the debate concerning the value-free ideal and the attendant goal of achieving objective knowledge. / Graduate / 0727 / jahn712002@yahoo.ca

Abstract   Mona Sahlin's dishwasher decides the election!   Maybe. How journalism portraits politics is at least not fully objective with focus on societal matters. There is also a change over time indicating an up-going trend of less objective journalism. Other results of this case study indicates that politicians are more inclined to participate in journalism than before and that politics presented as scandal is increasing. The aim of this study is to investigate objectivity in political journalism over time. Using the quantitative content-analyses the study encoded 600 journalistic articles subjecting politics in the Swedish society. These articles were chosen from Swedish newspapers, Dagens Nyheter and Aftonbladet, both paper editions only excluding web editions. Theories supporting the study are the framing-theory, the knowledge-theory and other theories describing how objectivity changes over time. Objectivity has been debated in journalism and has founded different perspectives on how professional journalism can be obtained. This has historically changed the practice of journalism and the study assumes from this phenomenon. Citizens are dependent on journalism for information on things that does not belong in their everyday life. Politics is such a subject that needs to be reported on and that's why this study investigates objectivity in political journalism.  The result concludes extreme choices of subject in political journalism, where about 50 % of the articles encoded portrayed the everyday chores or statements of politicians. This is indicating an up-going trend of less objective journalism and is supported by other less extreme results of the study. / Sammanfattning   Mona Sahlins diskmaskin avgör valet!   Kanske. Hur journalistik gestaltar politik är i alla fall inte helt sakligt med samhällsfrågor i fokus. Över tid finns dessutom en förändring i den politiska gestaltningen som tyder på en alltmer osaklig journalistik. Vidare indikerar denna fallstudie att politiker blir alltmer benägna att utnyttja plats i journalistiken. Objektivitet är debatterat i journalistiken och har grundlagt olika synsätt på hur bra journalistik ska uppnås. Detta har historiskt förändrat hur journalistik har utförts och studien utgår från och fokuserar på just detta fenomen. För samhällsinformation som inte tillhör invånarnas vardag behövs rapportering i form av journalistik. Politiken är vad som styr samhället och därför blir det viktigt att undersöka rapporteringen av det. Syftet med studien är att undersöka om och i så fall hur objektivitet har förändrats över tid, genom en fallstudie på papperstidningarna Dagens Nyheter och Aftonbladet. Studien utgår från teorier om objektivitet och dess förändring i journalistiken såsom kunskapsteorin och dagordningsteorin. Genom metoden kvantitativ innehållsanalys undersöks sammanlagt 600 artiklar om politik. Resultatet visar på ökande användning av ett visst antal källor, där politiker blir vanligare som källa. Det visar också att det är artiklar om politikers mer praktiska åtaganden och uttalanden som ökar, vilket motsvarade ämnet i runt hälften av alla artiklar i undersökningen.

Independence and objectivity are the cornerstones of the auditing profession. Even though internal auditing is generally not mandatory for companies to set up, its importance these days has increased phenomenally due to the fact that it assists companies to systematically evaluate and improve their risk management, internal controls and governance processes. Internal auditors are therefore expected to be independent and objective in order to provide unbiased and reliable reports, and to win the trust and confidence of people though admittedly, independence and objectivity are not easy to achieve in reality since the internal auditors are employees of the company they audit and report on.  The purpose of this study was thus, to critically investigate if independence and objectivity can truly be achieved in practice by employing a case study of the Reserve Bank of Malawi (RBM). Accordingly, empirical data was gathered from the above-mentioned bank via the administration of questionnaire to seven internal auditors.  The study revealed through a qualitative content analysis of the data collected that, the internal auditors of RBM are indeed independent and objective in their profession because the bank has instituted the right organizational structures and the Internal Audit Department has made tremendous effort in complying with best practices in the internal audit profession. This has created a proper work environment as well as developed an appropriate attitude within staff that has allowed a high level of independence and objectivity to be achieved. Based on the evidence of RBM, we can therefore say that the independence and objectivity of an internal auditor can truly be achieved in practice.

Texte remanié de : Doctoral dissertation : Philosophy : University of California, Berkeley : [199?]. / Sommaire disponible à l'adresse. Bibliogr. p. [167]-172. Index.

abstract / Humanities / Master / Master of Philosophy