Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Missouri-Columbia, 2004. / Typescript. Vita. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 191-192). Also available on the Internet.

Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Missouri-Columbia, 2004. / Typescript. Vita. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 191-192). Also available on the Internet.

Thesis (M.A.)--Memorial University of Newfoundland, 1999. / Bibliography: leaves 56-57.

This dissertation discusses the life and the writings of the seventeenth-century Dutch Cartesian Johannes Swartenhengst (1644-1711). Thus far Swartenhengst has always been an obscure and little-noticed figure in the history of the Early Dutch Enlightenment, who is only briefly mentioned in a couple of secondary sources due to his intellectual association with the Flemish philosopher Arnold Geulincx (1624-69). In recent years I have discovered fourteen previously unknown disputations that Swartenhengst presided over during his career as lector at Leiden in the early 1670s. Swartenhengst’s appointment at this university was, however, soon terminated on account of his overzealous defence of Cartesian philosophy, and no significant details have remained from his life hereafter. Although Swartenhengst’s disputations bear a somewhat concise and impersonal character (as is typical for the genre), they touch upon all the major philosophical disciplines that were then taught at the university. Swartenhengst’s dismissal occurred at a particularly heated moment, when the ecclesiastical pressure that had been building up since the political changes of 1672 now finally culminated at the university. His disputations, therefore, provide us with an interesting example of the Cartesian views that were circulating in academic circles, but which were apparently no longer tolerated. More importantly, however, Swartenhengst’s disputations also provide us with an interesting case study of the immediate continuation of Geulincx’s philosophy at Leiden, whose views soon disappeared into oblivion on account of their association with Spinozism during the early eighteenth century. Apart from offering a detailed account of Swartenhengst’s biographical details and a discussion of the major theological problems that were associated with René Descartes’ philosophy, this dissertation also includes an analysis of the content of his disputations, which focuses on the topics of occasionalism, epistemology, and natural law. Finally it will be asked how closely Swartenhengst’s disputations related to the views of his teacher Arnold Geulincx; and whether he should be labelled a ‘radical Cartesian’ on account of the content of his teaching? Although Swartenhengst was only a minor player in the history of the Early Dutch Enlightenment, the details of his life and writings certainly represent a unique and interesting story, which can also contribute to our general understanding of the period.

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La thèse porte sur le statut du corps dans la philosophie de Spinoza. Une première partie de la thèse reconstruit la façon dont Spinoza thématise la corporéité, à partir du Court Traité et du problème de l’attribution à Dieu d’une nature étendue. En outre, on démontre aussi que la position qu’on trouve dans l’Ethique est le résultat d’un travail intellectuel qui n’était pas encore accompli au début de l’itinéraire de Spinoza. En particulier, on souligne qu’une meilleure réflexion sur les concepts de partie et du tout, sur la nature des passions et sur le concept de détermination sera essentielle à ce développement. Dans la deuxième partie de la thèse, on considère trois milieux de référence pour situer la pensée spinozienne par rapport aux enjeux de la nouvelle philosophie de la nature de la seconde moitié du XVIIe siècle. D’abord, on reconsidère le statut de la seconde partie des Principes de la philosophie de Descartes et on montre l’infidélité de Spinoza à Descartes sur plusieurs points. Il s’agit d’une infidélité systématique qui témoigne de l’effort spinozien pour donner une cohérence à l’usage du concept cartésien le plus ambigu, celui de détermination. Ensuite, on montre que tout en essayant de poursuivre dans cette ligne, Spinoza peut avoir trouvé chez Hobbes des instruments intellectuels importants. Il s’agit surtout de l’usage que Hobbes fait du concept de mouvement comme véritable essence de tout phénomène physique, dont résulte sa conception du conatus. Cependant, on démontre aussi le désaccord entre la conception hobbesienne de la causalité et la position définitive de Spinoza. A ce propos, on propose de reconsidérer la pensée de Robert Boyle comme l’autre source décisive qui permet à Spinoza de développer sa réflexion physique plutôt du coté de l’activité des corps. Ce faisant, on souligne – en troisième lieu – que Spinoza va s’opposer au développement majeur du cartésianisme de ces années, c’est-à-dire l’occasionalisme, surtout dans la forme que lui avait donnait Arnold Geulincx. / My dissertation examins Spinoza’s account of bodies. I devote the first part of my dissertation to investigating how and why issues linked to the concept of body and, more generally, to physics, become real problems for Spinoza. This leads to the important result of reevaluating the first steps of Spinoza’s philosophical career. I stress the theological context in which, in the Short Treatise (1661 c.a.), the concept of body appeared for the first time as a challenge. How is it possible to demonstrate that the extension is an attribute of God and thus that finite bodies are modifications of God’s infinite substance? In order to answer this question, Spinoza will be forced to work out different further conceptual tools, most notably the mereological part/whole distinction, the status of natural law and the conatus doctrine. My chronological approach shows that the achievements we find in the Ethics (1675) are only the last and most consistent version of Spinoza’s philosophy, which underwrite several major changes through his development. This methodological approach allows us to appreciate several key shifts in Spinoza’s position and thus to frame in a more determinate way the problem of his sources. Firstly, I address the highly debated question of the dependence of Spinoza’s physics on Descartes’ own project. I focus on Spinoza’s attempt to make coherent Descartes’ use of the concept of determination, which turns to be crucial for Spinoza’s own account of physical interactions. As a second step, I explore Spinoza’s relationship with two key figures of the English Modern culture in the pre-Newtonian period: Thomas Hobbes and Robert Boyle. I stress Spinoza’s debt with Hobbes but also the discrepancies between their accounts of causal interactions. In that view, I underline that Robert Boyle provides an important framework to understand Spinoza’s ontology of activity. As a third and final step, I compare Spinoza’s own evolution with the rise of Occasionalism, which was at the same time a chronologically parallel, but philosophically opposite development of Descartes’ project.

(in English) The present thesis titled "Untranslatable from Sorokin", is applying both theoretical and empirical approach. Particular attention is paid especially to translations from Russian to Czech language. This thesis focuses on common translation problems while working with books of Russian writer Vladimir Sorokin. The introduction to the theoretical part of the present study is devoted to general theoretical framework of translatological analysis of specific translation problems. In next step the most common difficulties are defined and systemized in several groups like author's neologism, foreign language lexicon, etc.. Empirical part of this thesis focuses on solving of particular translation problems and its analysis. These problems are also explained using examples from works of Vladimir Sorokin. The main goal of the thesis is partly to simplify understanding of Sorokin's books, but mainly to ease the work for translators. Various ways of dealing with difficultly translatable or completely untranslatable parts of Sorokin's books can then also help translators who translate another works from different authors.

The present thesis deals with the semantics of prefixes in Czech verbal neologisms. The first part describes verbal prefixation, the classification of prefixes, and their principal functions. Subsequently, polysemy, collocability and valency of prefixed verbs are characterized. The following section discusses the methodology, and characterizes the electronic neological database Neomat, which is the primary source of material for the thesis. The subject of analysis is neological verbs with prefixes od-, pro- and vy-. The meanings of these prefixes are described in relation to the collocability, valency and polysemy of prefixed verbs. The analysis aims to identify the principal meanings of the prefixes and to determine whether there are any meanings which have not been presented in any paper yet. Key words: neologism, nonce word, prefix, semantics, verb, word formation

Объектом исследования данной работы выступают окказионализмы Нила Геймана. Цель данного исследования — выявление продуктивных моделей сохранения семантики и структурных особенностей авторских неологизмов Нила Геймана при передаче их переводчиками на русский и немецкий языки. Метода исследования: проблемный и критический анализ, синтез, реферирование, идеографический, непосредственное и опосредованное описание, метод эмпатии, контент-анализа, метод сплошной выборки, компонентный анализ. В результате исследования устанавливается зависимость структуры и семантики окказиональной лексики от возрастного регистра оригинальных литературных произведений на английском языке, а также сходные способы передачи обозначенных особенностей авторских неологизмов при переводе на русский и немецкий языки. Область применения: лингвистика, перевод и переводоведение, образование. Значимость работы: результаты исследования могут быть использованы в лексикографической практике при составлении двух- и трехъязычного словаря окказионализмов; выявленные эффективные модели интерпретации авторских неологизмов могут найти применение в практике перевода фантастической литературы и окказиональной лексики в целом, в вузовских и школьных курсах русского, английского и немецкого языков при изучении словообразования, лексикологии, стилистики, в подготовке учебных пособий по этим дисциплинам, при проведении спецкурсов и спецсеминаров, при выполнении курсовых и дипломных работ. / The object of this work is Neil Gaiman's occasionalisms. This study aims to identify productive models of preserving Neil Gaiman's authorial neologisms' semantics and structural features when translators interpret them in Russian and German. Research methods: problem and critical analysis, synthesis, abstracting, ideographic, direct and indirect description, empathy method, content analysis, continuous sampling method, and component analysis. The research establishes the dependence of the structure and semantics of an occasional lexicon on the age register of the original literary works in English. Moreover, similar ways of transferring the indicated features of the author's neologisms in the translation into Russian and German. Field of application: linguistics, translation and translation studies, education. The study results can be used in lexicographic practice when compiling a bilingual and trilingual dictionary of occasionalisms. Scientists, translators, and education workers can use the identified effective models of interpretation of authorial neologisms in the translation of fiction literature and occasional vocabulary in general, in university and school courses of Russian, English, and German language when studying word formation, lexicology, stylistics, in preparing textbooks on these disciplines, when conducting special courses and special seminars.

Orientador: Márcio Augusto Damin Custódio / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Filosofia e Ciências Humanas / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-26T07:54:10Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Vieira_GabrielArrutiAragao_M.pdf: 1078546 bytes, checksum: 6293d6197371e4d5e74b8dbc53153c62 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014 / Resumo: O objetivo desta dissertação é apresentar o modo como Arnauld interpreta a relação corpo-alma na união substancial estabelecida por Descartes como compatível à filosofia de Agostinho e mostrar que esta concepção está presente nas Paixões da Alma e nas Meditações. Primeiro investiga-se as objeções de Arnauld direcionadas a Descartes e suas respectivas respostas, considerando as comparações entre Descartes e Agostinho feitas por Arnauld como base para os questionamentos estabelecidos na discussão. Esta comparação se refere a aspectos fundamentais da concepção da união substancial em questão, a saber, ao princípio do cogito, à distinção real entre substância pensante e substância extensa e à afirmação de que o conhecimento formado por concepções puras do entendimento é mais certo que os conhecimentos formados através da imaginação e da experiência sensível. Na sequência, apresenta-se o modo como Arnauld no Examen utiliza o texto de Agostinho para defender Descartes de acusações de heresia, o que confirma a ideia de que Arnauld concebe a relação corpo-alma proposta por Descartes como compatível com a filosofia de Agostinho. Por fim, sustenta-se que a posição de Arnauld quanto à relação corpo-alma está presente nas Paixões da Alma e nas Meditações / Abstract: The objective of this dissertation is to present how Arnauld interprets the body-soul relation in substantial union established by Descartes as compatible with the philosophy of Augustine and to show that this conception is present in the Passions of the Soul and the Meditations. First we investigate the Arnauld¿s objections directed to Descartes and their respective answers, considering the comparisons between Descartes and Augustine made by Arnauld as the basis for the questions set out in the discussion. This comparison relates to fundamental aspects of the substantial union in question, namely, the principle of the cogito, the real distinction between thinking substance and extended substance and the assertion that knowledge formed by pure conceptions of the understanding is more certain that the knowledge formed through imagination and sensory experience. Following, we present how Arnauld uses Augustine¿s text to defend Descartes from accusations of heresy, which confirms the idea that Arnauld conceives the body-soul relation proposed by Descartes as compatible with the Augustine¿s philosophy. Finally, we show that the Arnauld¿s position about body-soul relation is present in the Passions of the Soul and the Meditations / Mestrado / Filosofia / Mestre em Filosofia