This thesis documents and examines Occupy Portland's organizational structure and the impact of this structure on the leadership roles of participants. Interviews with key activists and participant observation reveal that the ideologically influenced horizontal organization employed by the movement disrupts the emergence of centralized authority and charismatic leadership. This, in turn, encourages the rise of a "distributed leadership" comprised of multiple, task driven leaders. It finds that these task-oriented leaders within Occupy Portland tend to fulfill three specific leadership roles; the facilitation of process, the construction of movement structures, and the organization of actions. This study provides an exploration of conceptualizing leaders in a non-hierarchical, decentralized, consensus-based decision-making social movement and works to give needed expansion to the literature on social movement leadership.

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Cette recherche, par une approche deleuzienne – mais aussi inspirée des écrits de Guattari, Foucault, Bergson et Massumi –, vise à approfondir le bagage théorique associé au concept de résistance. En abordant les notions de néolibéralisme, de démocratie et de société de contrôle, une conceptualisation particulière du pouvoir est développée : non pas un biopouvoir – ayant force sur la vie – mais un ontopouvoir – ayant force de vie. À travers l’étude micropolitique du mouvement de contestation Occupy (2011), les concepts d’affect, d’événement, de préfiguration, de devenir, de structure et de consensus sont travaillés, et des possibilités résistantes sont cartographiées et théorisées. En somme, cette synthèse conceptuelle élabore une forme de résistance radicalement autre que celles préconisées par la démocratie (néo)libérale représentative ou la politique identitaire : une résistance intrinsèquement créative tournée vers ce qui n’existe pas encore. / This research takes a Deleuzian approach, also drawing on the work of Guattari, Foucault, Bergson, and Massumi. Its aim is to deepen the concept of resistance. The notions of neoliberalism, democracy and control society are addressed toward developing a renewed concept of power, not as biopower – the power over life – but rather as ontopower – the power of life. Through the micro-political study of the social movement Occupy (2011), the concepts of affect, structure, event, prefiguration, becoming, and consensus are explored, and potentials of resistance are mapped and theorized. The conceptual synthesis arrived at conceptualizes a form of resistance radically different to those advocated by representative (neo)liberal democracy or identity politics: a intrinsically creative resistance turned toward what does not yet exist.

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Doctor of Philosophy / Department of Sociology, Anthropology, and Social Work / L. Susan Williams / This study is about two grassroots political organizations that formed prior to the 2012 presidential election in the United States, each concerned with the nation's economy, corporate favoritism, government involvement, and growing income inequality. The study outlines an historical account of a culture of control, and then analyzes actions of two contemporary protest organizations – The Tea Party, known as politically conservative; and Occupy Wall Street (OWS), characterized as liberal – as the national election unfolded. Each group sought to change the political landscape and influence the outcome of the presidential election, but with competing messages and very different approaches. Seeking change from the inside, The Tea Party emphasized limited government regulation of the market economy. OWS intended to crumble the system by outside resistance and demanded government attention to economic inequality. Field research and content analysis provide insight into behaviors, beliefs, and actions of each group, which, in turn, identify efforts to resist the status quo. Content analysis of print news provides evidence of state responses toward each group, while also offering insight into media framing and public influence. Finally, a survey of official responses from host communities reveals specific efforts to control protest organizations, ranging from acts of diplomacy to violent opposition. Findings demonstrate how roles of the Tea Party and OWS are not always in conflict, such as media often portray; for example, both groups contested corporate control. The Tea Party met token success, but stopped short of influencing top echelons. OWS brought attention to system inequities, but failed to maintain significant pressure; instead, participants were criminalized for acts of protest. Ironically, in the end, both groups' efforts reinforced the culture of control they sought to resist. Theoretically, a cultural criminology framework, integrating symbolic interaction and social control, demonstrates how structural constraints oppose grassroots political efforts.

Submitted by SBI Biblioteca Digital (sbi.bibliotecadigital@puc-campinas.edu.br) on 2018-05-09T17:15:01Z No. of bitstreams: 1 CHRISTINA DE TOLEDO ZACCARELLI.pdf: 3667932 bytes, checksum: a500e6a940a2eeaba18e30ce6ad93e74 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-05-09T17:15:01Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 CHRISTINA DE TOLEDO ZACCARELLI.pdf: 3667932 bytes, checksum: a500e6a940a2eeaba18e30ce6ad93e74 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-02-21 / This work enrolled in the interdisciplinary master LIMIAR ? Languages, media and arts ? aims to understand the meaning of the November 2015 student occupations in S?o Paulo, through three pillars: the discursive analysis of the episode, from theoretical references such as Foucault and Derrida, the study of media based on Chomsky, and the analysis of materials produced by students, brought up by Canevacci, so that through the cartography method of Deleuze and Guattari, we can understand the issue of occupations from different views and perspectives. We expect to bring reflections on the memory of the student movement and the way discursive memory of occupations has been built ? crossed, legitimized and re-signified by the discourse of the media. We also hope to bring reflections if it is possible to think of occupations as an event, from Foucault?s and Derrida?s viewpoint, in order to understand the effects of meaning that these events produced on the construction of the memory of the student movements in History, their differences and similarities. / Este trabalho, inscrito no mestrado interdisciplinar LIMIAR ? Linguagens, m?dia e arte ? pretende compreender o significado das ocupa??es estudantis de novembro de 2015 em S?o Paulo atrav?s de tr?s pilares: a an?lise discursiva sobre o epis?dio, a partir de refer?ncias te?ricas como Foucault e Derrida, o estudo do enfoque da m?dia, a partir de Chomsky, e a an?lise de material produzido pelos estudantes, a partir de Canevacci, para que, atrav?s do m?todo rizom?tico que tem na cartografia de Deleuze e Guattari seu principal instrumento, possa-se compreender a quest?o das ocupa??es por diferentes olhares e perspectivas. Espera-se trazer reflex?es sobre a mem?ria dos movimentos estudantis, bem como a maneira pela qual foi constru?da a mem?ria discursiva das ocupa??es ? atravessada, legitimada e ressignificada pelo discurso das m?dias. Busca-se, ainda, refletir se ? poss?vel pensar nas ocupa??es como acontecimento, a partir de Foucault e Derrida, a fim de entender os efeitos de sentido que estas manifesta??es produziram para a constru??o da mem?ria sobre os movimentos estudantis na hist?ria, em suas diferen?as e similaridades.

The thesis provides an analysis of the different ways the Occupy Wall Street was presented by OccupyWallSt.org ( the movement’s own media source), and The New York Times, The Wall Street Journal and USA Today from July 2011 up to the end of June 2012. This was done by using Entman’ theory of media framing together with Castells’ network theory of power. The former provided a way of addressing the different types of frames that mainstream media utilize, while the latter offered an understanding of how power is built through the media processes. Additionally, Castells’ theory described another type of media frame which is mostly used by alternative media, the counter frame, which could successfully be applied to study the content that the social movement decided to provide about itself.The study first employs a quantitative approach by using Crawdad, a centering resonance analysis (CRA) software. This provides a reliable pool of data that was then analyzed by using the above theories. Additionally, in order to check the reliability of the qualitative conclusions, a statistical test was done for the overall top centers resulting from the CRA.

Both Sharon Hayes’s "In the Near Future" (2005-2009) and Catherine Opie’s photographs of assemblies and rallies (2007—) take protest as a topic of investigation. Hayes enacts solo protests in urban centers and documents her project’s iterations; Opie attends organized marches and demonstrations and photographs the gathered crowds. Yet while both projects perform or picture protest in the present-day, neither is wholly of this moment. In her staged actions, Hayes holds the signs and slogans of earlier social movements, and both she and Opie create and consider the images they capture in relation to experiences and visual records which predate them. This thesis considers the ways in which expectations and desires for present and future moments are rooted in understandings of social or political pasts, investigating the work of Hayes and Opie alongside the events of Occupy Wall Street and the histories of the movements these artists reference: ACT UP (AIDS Coalition to Unleash Power), Queer Nation, and the Memphis Sanitation Strike of 1968. Focusing on the role of the documentary image in the creation and remembrance of historical events, the paper looks at how the longing to reinhabit a pictured past becomes incorporated within a desire to feel historical, and how fantasies of the past and future are absorbed into the charged space of present. Concentrating first on this temporal rearrangement (referred to by Hayes as an “unspooling of history”) and turning next to the reengagement and embodiment of symbolic imagery, this thesis explores how works by Hayes and Opie emphasize disappointment in the present scene while simultaneously endeavoring to establish alternative spaces of social and political possibility—both new sites and reimagined worlds of belonging. / text

Anti-hegemonic social movements have historically had a complicated and conflicting relationship with mainstream media, as it consistently undermines the emancipatory potential of these grassroots revolutionary movements, hence serving the interests of the dominant social forces of the hegemonic order. This work develops a comprehensive and critical analysis of the agency of mainstream media throughout the coverage of Occupy Wall Street (OWS) to understand how and why it consciously and relentlessly worked to neutralize the true dimension of the movement and its occupations, and thus to preserve the neoliberal capitalist world order from the ideological threat and the revolutionary challenge that OWS posed to it. Employing a historical materialist approach based on Gramsci's theory of hegemony - and the emphasis in the consensual aspect of power in the production of the hegemony that it entails - and its use in the study of world orders grounded in social relations, this work aims to investigate the mainstream media's active role in the building of the current neoliberal capitalist historic bloc, and its subservience to the hegemonic social forces throughout every stage of the coverage of OWS and its occupations: from the deliberate lack of interest and the total indifference in the movement to the...

The quality of soil intended for the housing development is the topic of diploma thesis. Frequently, the local soil of the highest quality is built on. For the purpose of this thesis there were 5 model areas defined: these are the areas of Roudnice, Říčany, Slaný, Vlašim, and Kolín. The thesis describes the quality of soil which is built on in these areas. The extent of housing development in these areas is specified on the basis of landscape plans. As such, it is possible to determine the quality of soil intended for the future housing development. Moreover, the thesis deals with the legislative protection of soil. Keywords: BPEJ, landscape plan, occupy soil, areas of Roudnice, Říčany, Slaný, Vlašim, Kolín