International investment law has become increasingly prominent in the international legal order. This thesis explores specific and topical problem of international expropriation law, with the main focus on the vast network of international investment agreements (IIAs) supplemented by the general rules of international law. The thesis traces the context and evolution of the protection of foreign investments in response to the transformation of state liability in international law. Particular consideration is given to the relationship between the International Minimum Standard (IMS) and the Calvo Doctrine as two clashing descriptive statements of customary international law governing the treatment of foreigners and their assets. With the onset of the BIT generation, the economical accountability of states is examined in compliance with the scope and conditions defined in clauses and provisions of the contemporary investment treaties. In addition, the thesis focuses on the substantive protection accorded to foreign investors and investments. The aim is to identify the limits of the state's right to expropriate foreign investments by imposing legality requirements standard. The requirements for lawful expropriation are addressed with a thorough examination of jurisprudence of international courts and...

In today's world of international economic integration, foreign investment is an important element of countries' economic development. International law in this area has to come to terms with, on one hand, the effort of the host country to attract foreign investors by providing investors with an attractive investment environment and on the other the need to preserve sovereignty of the host country. The thesis aims to offer an overview of the issue of regulation of foreign investment protection at the international level and focuses, within selected problems, on the interaction of agreements on the protection of foreign investment and EU law after passage of foreign direct investment within the exclusive competence of the European Union. For the purpose of fulfilling the objective of this paper the author used general theoretical knowledge and used descriptive and comparative methods and analogy. The work consists of three chapters, each of which is divided into subsections. The first chapter - Introduction presents the issue of protection of foreign investment. The second chapter, entitled Agreements on the protection of foreign investment and EU law focuses on selected aspects of the interaction of international investment agreements and EU law. In subsection 2.1 entitled International Investment...

(Prohibition on discrimination in international law of protection of human rights) The purpose of this thesis is definition of concept of human rights, equality and discrimination, explanation of principle of equal treatment and their reflection in present time. From general definitions, I gradually step towards the aplication of these terms in international law, legislation on regional level within Europe and at the end, implementation of principle of equal rights and prohibition on discrimination in law of Slovak Republic. The most extensive part is dedicated to issues of antidiscrimination from the perspective of the United Nations and pose its basic instruments that are used for promoting equality and fight against discrimination. The UN, within its activity, adopted a large number of international conventions explicitly focused on this issues since it was established. These documents became a pattern for additional conventions addopted within regional or internal law. Significant role in the field of fight against discrimination within the european region plays the Council of Europe. Convention on human rights and fundamental freedoms as a result of activity of this organisation is considered for basic pillar of protection against discrimination among european legal stanards. Compliance of the...