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Orientador: Maria Stella Bresciani / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Filosofia e Ciencias Humanas / Made available in DSpace on 2018-07-20T10:02:31Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Caetano_CoralyGara_D.pdf: 6966685 bytes, checksum: 7ba015aa0451606b1e4e93efa0c02c5c (MD5) Previous issue date: 1994 / Resumo: Não informado / Abstract: Not informed / Doutorado / Doutor em História

Orientador: Eliane Chaves Jorge / Resumo: Bissoli SFR. Mapeamento das evidências das revisões sistemáticas de oftalmologia da base de dados Cochrane. [dissertação]. Botucatu, SP: Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Estadual Paulista; 2018. Justificativa e objetivos: A Colaboração Cochrane visa oferecer, por meio da publicação de revisões sistemáticas, informações atualizadas, objetivas e com evidências consistentes para a prática clínica e para o estabelecimento de políticas de saúde. Entretanto, verifica-se, frequentemente, uma inconsistência de evidências e incapacidade de gerar recomendações. O objetivo desse estudo foi analisar as revisões sistemáticas do Grupo Oftalmologia da Colaboração Cochrane e mapear sua utilidade para a prática clínica e para a pesquisa científica. Método: Realizou-se estudo transversal com análise de todas as revisões sistemáticas publicadas no Grupo Oftalmologia da Colaboração Cochrane até maio de 2018, verificando-se qual o tipo de recomendação para a prática clínica e para a pesquisa científica, por meio da análise das conclusões de seus autores. Além disso, computou-se o número de ensaios clínicos e meta-análises por revisão sistemática e por subespecialidade, por ano. Resultados: 202 revisões foram obtidas no período. Evidências que apoiam a intervenção, com recomendação para a realização de mais estudos ou sem recomendação para mais estudos: 36,3% [IC 95% 36,2-36,4] e 5,0% [IC 95% 4,8-5,1], respectivamente. Evidências contrárias à intervenção, com recomendação para realização de mai... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: Bissoli SFR. Mapping of the evidences of systematic reviews of Ophthalmology Cochrane database. [dissertation]. Botucatu, SP: Botucatu Medical School, State University of São Paulo 2018. Rationale and objectives: The Cochrane Collaboration aims to provide, through the publication of systematic reviews, up-to-date, objective information and with consistent evidence for clinical practice and for the establishment of health policies. However, there is often an inconsistency of evidence and inability to generate recommendations. The objective of this study was to analyze the systematic reviews of the Cochrane Collaboration Ophthalmology Group and to map its usefulness to clinical practice and to scientific research. Methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out with an analysis of all the systematic reviews published in the Ophthalmology Group of the Cochrane Collaboration until May 2018, confirming the type of recommendation for clinical practice and for scientific research, through analysis of the conclusions of its authors. In addition, we counted the number of clinical trials and meta-analyzes by systematic review and by subspecialty, per year. Results: 202 revisions were obtained in the period. Evidence that supports the intervention, with recommendation for further studies: 36.3% [CI 95% 36.2-36.4] or no recommendation for further studies: 5.0% [CI 95% 4.8-5.1]. Evidence contrary to intervention, with recommendation for further studies 3.0% [CI 95% 2.8-3.1] or no recomme... (Complete abstract click electronic access below) / Mestre

The thesis investigates the relationship between corporate social responsibility (CSR) and financial performance. The thesis is organised into three parts. The first part, the literature review, is in three sections, the first section provides an introduction to the field of corporate social responsibility, its grounding in economic theory and its historical background. The second part of the literature review covers the social and environmental issues relevant specifically to the food and agriculture sector. The third section is a systematic review of the studies that examine the relationship between corporate social performance and financial performance. This review was carried out using a modified Cochrane systematic review method, more commonly found in the medical literature than in the economics literature. The results showed that 70% of the studies reviewed showed a positive and statistically significant relationship between CSR and financial performance. The second part of the thesis includes three empirical studies. The first study, an event study, assessed the impact of the FTSE4Good Index on firm price. The study examined the return to companies of being included in a modified share index that signals good performance in terms of CSR. The results of this event study showed that companies are not rewarded for being included in the index and are not penalised for being deleted from it. The second empirical study, a probit analysis, aimed to identify the probability of a company passing a social and environmental screen given information about the company’s size, financial performance and sector. Results showed that companies with small market capitalisation, low income gearing and high net profit margins were more likely to pass the screen than other companies. Companies in the energy sector were less likely to pass than other companies, and financial sector companies more likely to pass. The third empirical chapter assessed the effect on the financial performance of companies of passing a socially responsible investment screen. The results showed that there was a relationship between passing the screen and higher earnings per share, but the relationship between passing the screen and other financial indicators was not proven. These studies demonstrated the difficulties that exist to provide statistically strong evidence for the relationship between corporate social responsibility and financial performance. Thus the third part of the thesis moved into a different area, from the supply to the demand side. This is the valuation of non-financial indicators and their relationship with CSR, this included a discursive chapter on intangibles and their relationship with CSR and a final empirical study: a choice experiment. This study demonstrated that MBA students take nonfinancial and ethical issues into account when making investment decisions. In conclusion, providing strong evidence for the relationship between corporate social responsibility and financial performance is difficult. There are many ways of measuring CSR and many ways of measuring financial performance. Depending on the measures used, different results are obtained. Looking beyond conventional financial performance measurements, to intangibles, provides a more holistic picture of what is going on in the relationship and shows that there is more to company valuation and investment decision making than financial performance indicators. CSR is an important component of company reputation and has an intrinsic value that is difficult to measure but is no doubt very high.

Submitted by Shaira Ferrari Rodor Bissoli (shaira.rodor@hotmail.com) on 2019-01-25T17:25:35Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação e anexos RS - FIM.pdf: 39316469 bytes, checksum: 0f72c48cf723b5f54bf6795ac4173112 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by ROSANGELA APARECIDA LOBO null (rosangelalobo@btu.unesp.br) on 2019-01-29T13:02:19Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 bissoli_sfr_me_bot.pdf: 39316469 bytes, checksum: 0f72c48cf723b5f54bf6795ac4173112 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2019-01-29T13:02:19Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 bissoli_sfr_me_bot.pdf: 39316469 bytes, checksum: 0f72c48cf723b5f54bf6795ac4173112 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-11-27 / Bissoli SFR. Mapeamento das evidências das revisões sistemáticas de oftalmologia da base de dados Cochrane. [dissertação]. Botucatu, SP: Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Estadual Paulista; 2018. Justificativa e objetivos: A Colaboração Cochrane visa oferecer, por meio da publicação de revisões sistemáticas, informações atualizadas, objetivas e com evidências consistentes para a prática clínica e para o estabelecimento de políticas de saúde. Entretanto, verifica-se, frequentemente, uma inconsistência de evidências e incapacidade de gerar recomendações. O objetivo desse estudo foi analisar as revisões sistemáticas do Grupo Oftalmologia da Colaboração Cochrane e mapear sua utilidade para a prática clínica e para a pesquisa científica. Método: Realizou-se estudo transversal com análise de todas as revisões sistemáticas publicadas no Grupo Oftalmologia da Colaboração Cochrane até maio de 2018, verificando-se qual o tipo de recomendação para a prática clínica e para a pesquisa científica, por meio da análise das conclusões de seus autores. Além disso, computou-se o número de ensaios clínicos e meta-análises por revisão sistemática e por subespecialidade, por ano. Resultados: 202 revisões foram obtidas no período. Evidências que apoiam a intervenção, com recomendação para a realização de mais estudos ou sem recomendação para mais estudos: 36,3% [IC 95% 36,2-36,4] e 5,0% [IC 95% 4,8-5,1], respectivamente. Evidências contrárias à intervenção, com recomendação para realização de mais estudos ou sem recomendação para mais estudos: 3,0% [IC 95% 2,8-3,1] e 3,5% [IC 95% 3,3-3,6], respectivamente. Ausência de evidências, com recomendação para a realização de mais estudos ou sem recomendação para mais estudos: 51,2% [IC 95% 55,1-55,3] e 1% [IC 95% 0,9-1,1], respectivamente. Do total, 90,5% das revisões sugerem a realização de mais estudos independentemente dos resultados obtidos. O número médio de ensaios clínicos nas revisões foi de 7,4, variando entre zero e 137, e o número médio de meta-análises foi igual a 3,1, variando entre zero e 26. Conclusão: A maioria das revisões sistemáticas do Grupo de Oftalmologia da Cochrane apresenta insuficiência ou ausência de evidências para recomendar determinada intervenção na prática clínica e recomenda a realização de novos estudos clínicos controlados e aleatorizados. / Bissoli SFR. Mapping of the evidences of systematic reviews of Ophthalmology Cochrane database. [dissertation]. Botucatu, SP: Botucatu Medical School, State University of São Paulo 2018. Rationale and objectives: The Cochrane Collaboration aims to provide, through the publication of systematic reviews, up-to-date, objective information and with consistent evidence for clinical practice and for the establishment of health policies. However, there is often an inconsistency of evidence and inability to generate recommendations. The objective of this study was to analyze the systematic reviews of the Cochrane Collaboration Ophthalmology Group and to map its usefulness to clinical practice and to scientific research. Methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out with an analysis of all the systematic reviews published in the Ophthalmology Group of the Cochrane Collaboration until May 2018, confirming the type of recommendation for clinical practice and for scientific research, through analysis of the conclusions of its authors. In addition, we counted the number of clinical trials and meta-analyzes by systematic review and by subspecialty, per year. Results: 202 revisions were obtained in the period. Evidence that supports the intervention, with recommendation for further studies: 36.3% [CI 95% 36.2-36.4] or no recommendation for further studies: 5.0% [CI 95% 4.8-5.1]. Evidence contrary to intervention, with recommendation for further studies 3.0% [CI 95% 2.8-3.1] or no recommendation for further studies 3.5% [CI 95% 3.3-3.6). Absence of evidence, with recommendation for further studies: 51.2% [CI 95% 55.1-55.3] or no recommendation for further studies 1% [CI 95% 0.9-1.1] . Of the total, 90.5% of the reviews suggest further studies regardless of the results obtained. The mean number of clinical trials in the reviews was 7.4 (ranging from zero to 137), and the mean number of meta-analyzes was 3.1 (ranging from zero to 26).Conclusion: Most systematic reviews of the Cochrane Ophthalmology Group show insufficiency or lack of evidence to recommend a particular intervention in clinical practice and recommends further controlled and randomized clinical trials.

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Systematic reviews - appraisal and synthesis of all primary research - are increasingly being used to inform policy and practice in health care. Therefore, it is important to understand how the key questions in systematic reviews are identified and prioritised and whether they are relevant to policy makers, practitioners and members of the public. Research priority setting (RPS) is usually defined as any interpersonal activity that leads to the selection of topics and/or choices of key questions to investigate . Diverse approaches to setting research priorities are used in different countries, regions and organisations. There is no consensus in the literature on the most effective processes with which to set these priorities. However, these decisions define the quality and implications of the evidence, and syntheses of it, available to patients, public and policy makers to help them make informed decisions. My initial scoping work, was to design and conduct a survey across an influential international systematic review organisation (Cochrane Collaboration ) on how they set priorities for their reviews. We identified 13 structured approaches to setting priorities. As part of the project, we developed an evaluation framework that demonstrated whether the priority setting processes meet the values and principles of the Cochrane Collaboration. Subsequently, we developed an equity lens for research priority setting exercises to inform the design of research priority setting processes to ensure that they consider the priorities of disadvantaged groups along with advantaged groups. We used the equity lens to do a second evaluation on the priority setting processes in the Cochrane Collaboration. Both evaluation frameworks demonstrated that the Cochrane Collaboration requires better designed priority setting approaches and must be more transparent in reporting those processes. The evaluation of research priority setting exercises in the Cochrane Collaboration, along with the wider literature, demonstrates that research priority setting exercises cannot be evaluated in isolation from organisational cultures, values and context. Therefore, the next step of the project focused on a specific stakeholder group (major research funders) with significant influence on research, including support for systematic reviews. We selected 11 national research agencies in the UK, Netherlands, France, Norway, Denmark, Germany, Australia, Canada, and the USA. We devised and used a checklist based on Chalmers and Glasziou’s “avoidable research waste” framework (and evaluated the processes and policies of these agencies using this checklist). As previous evaluations had demonstrated, this second evaluation found a lack of transparency in the process of setting priorities for research and other related organisational and policy issues. Increased funding is needed for methodological research to evaluate research practices and to monitor how funding research projects is done and reported. My evaluation of funding agencies and the Cochrane Collaboration found a similar lack of transparency and accountability in the context of conflicting values among stakeholders that decreases accountability and scrutiny of researchers and their institutions. However, the projects have led to organisational and policy changes in the two key stakeholder groups (the Cochrane Collaboration and selected funding agencies). Officials of national health research funding agencies have approached me to collaborate with them to address the issues raised by my work on reducing research waste. This led to the establishment of Funders Forum - the Ensuring Value in Research (EViR) Funders’ Collaboration and Development Forum - to enable agencies in various countries to exchange their experience in addressing issues and creating work groups to address them. The Forum is chaired by individuals from three major research funders: NIHR (UK), ZonMW (Netherlands) and Patient-Centered Outcomes Research Institute (PCORI; USA). The Forum organises several meetings to establish common principles, standards and work plans to achieve the common objective around reducing research waste and adding value for research for a national research funder.

Master of Public Health - MPH / One hundred and fifty two (152) countries in the world can be classified as developing or low-resourced countries (LR Cs) according to the World Bank. 1 In the majority of these countries the Gross Domestic Product (GDP) is below $1000. Given these limited resources it stands to reason that there is less money available to spend on healthcare and health research

Föreliggande uppsats behandlar debatten om hur den svenska skolan ska evidensbaseras på bästa sätt. Olika former av evidensdefinitioners lämplighet för tillämpning inom utbildningsområdet utgör således fokus i uppsatsen och undersöks med hjälp av två svenska tvärvetenskapliga antologier och en svensk fenomenologisk doktorsavhandling. Huvudsakligt fokus läggs på utrönandet av det så kallade Cochrane-formatets lämplighet. Detta som en följd av att dess evidensdefinition förfäktas av OECD, en inflytelserik part i debatten, och att det visat sig vara en populär evidensdefinition hos politiska makthavare, bl. a. i Danmark. Utrönandet av Cochrane-formatets lämplighet för utbildningsområdet inleds genom en redogörelse för hur Cochrane-formatet växt fram som ett svar på bristen av metodologisk stringens inom sjukvården, en brist som äldre metoder, så som registerstudier och klinisk epidemiologi, visat sig inkapabla att hantera. Därefter definieras särarten i Cochrane-formatets evidensdefinition; randomiserade kliniska prövningar och metaanalyser och systematiska översikter av dessa. Dess lämplighet undersöks sedermera utifrån tre lämplighetskategorier; ändamålsenlighet, implementerbarhet och trovärdighet. Undersökningen visar på att betydande problematik föreligger i relation till Cochrane-formatets lämplighet för det svenska utbildningsområdet. Detta främst som en följd av dess reduktionistiska fokus på metodologisk stringens. Uppsatsen redogör för, och problematiserar, efter detta den mångfald av alternativa evidensdefinitioner som uppstått som ett svar på kraven på evidensbaserad praktik. Också denna mångfald av alternativ visar sig uppbära betydande problem. Detta främst som en följd av dess ambivalenta fokus på praktisk relevans. Efter detta undersöks litteraturens förslag på lösningar på Cochrane-formatets reduktionism och ambivalensen i mångfalden av alternativa evidensdefinitioner, vilka visar sig landa i en uppfattning om att problemet ska lösas genom en balansakt mellan metodologisk stringens och praktisk relevans genom modifierade varianter av critical appraisal som möjliggör ett beaktande av för- och nackdelar i den professionella praktiken. Slutligen diskuteras rimligheten i litteraturens resonemang och följderna av dess begränsningar. I diskussionen framställs själva idén om konkreta och enkla evidensdefinitioner som den faktor som förhindrar framväxten av den evidensbaserade skolan. Utifrån detta landar uppsatsen slutligen i en slutsats om att det finns ett behov av blocköverskridande politisk enighet i relation till skolan samt tvärvetenskapliga samarbeten mellan forskningsparadigm och yrkesverksamma lärare i syfte att utarbeta möjligheter för lärare att evidensbasera sitt arbete utifrån dess kontextuella förutsättningar, oberoende av de ideologiska och paradigmatiska maktförhållanden som råder.

Investing in public real estate stocks can diversify a stock portfolio due to the nature of these companies. The industry is generally less sensitive to economic downturns and spikes in inflation are offset by increased real estate property and rent prices. Nevertheless, measures of the wider economy could be used as predictors of the real estate stock market.  This thesis attempts to model the Swedish real estate stock market with the index SX35PI (Stockholm Real Estate PI) using the fundamental economic factors and repo rate. Data was collected and formatted to a monthly interval for the period February 2012 to December 2021. This resulted in an exponential multiple regression model that used all the regressors that explained 95.7% of the variation in SX35PI, and an alternative autoregressive forecasting model that explained 82.3% of the variation in SX35PI. / Investeringar i fastighetsbolag kan diversifiera en aktieportfölj tack vare dessa bolags karaktär. Denna industri är nämligen mindre känslig för ekonomiska nedgångar och minskad efterfråga samt plötsliga ökningar i inflationen som vägs upp av ökningar i fastighetspriser och hyror. Aktiemarknaden för fastighetsaktier kan modelleras med makroekonomiska mått. Denna rapport försöker modellera aktiemarknaden för svenska fastighetsbolag med fundamentala ekonomiska mått samt reporäntan. Data samlades och transformerades för att få datapunkter varje månad under februari 2012 till december 2021. Resultatet blev en exponentiell multipel regressionsmodell som använde alla förklarande variabler vilka förklarade 95.7% av variationen i SX35PI, och en alternativ autoregressiv modell som förklarade 82.3% av variationen i SX35PI.