Proefskrif--PU vir CHO

Every individual has his own interpretation of the facts and the aims envisaged in education. This interpretation is closely related to his own view of life and consequently it was considered necessary to state right at the beginning what the author's interpretation is of the term “education". It was furthermore, considered necessary to define the term “gifted”. In this study the child’s intelligence as well as his achievements in arithmetic were used as criteria in order to identify those gifted. After comparing the variation coefficients of school marks and the marks achieved in I.Q., tests, it was found that the distribution of school marks was much wider than the distribution of the I.Q.’s. This tendency was also discovered when the achievements in scholastic tests were compared with the I.Q.’s. In order to determine to which extent pupils performed according to their individual abilities, the sample was divided into different groups according to the I.Q.'s. The achievements of the different groups according to school marks as well as scholastic tests were compared with the field of expected performance. A number of important results were found. The following divisions were made: i. The group as a whole; ii. The sexes apart; iii. The standards apart; iv. The pupils grouped according to standard and age; v. Sample divided according to the number of schools attended by the pupils. In all these divisions it was found that the achievements of pupils with higher intellectual abilities were relatively weak in school marks as well as in scholastic tests. In contrast it was found that the achievements of pupils with lower intellectual abilities were relatively high. The pupils with average abilities usually performed on an average level. The study also proved that age as well as the number of schools attended by the pupils definitely influenced their achievements. The differences between the traditional approach and the new approach to the teaching of arithmetic were pointed out by using a number of examples. The expectation is that the new approach should bring the achievements of the more intelligent pupils in accordance with their abilities. Acceleration, enrichment and homogeneous groupings are possible procedures which may be used in order to bring the achievements of the more intelligent pupils in accordance with their abilities. The practical implementation of, as well as the advantages and disadvantages of these procedures were investigated in detail. It was ascertained in this study that all pupils, because of their individual differences, cannot be taught according to one method. It is, therefore suggested that differentiation or segregation according to abilities and achievements be adopted. / Proefskrif--PU vir CHO, 1969

With the implementation of Curriculum 2005 (C2005) in South Africa profound changes were also made to technical education. For example, the name technical education made way for the name technology education, the senior secondary phase was replaced with the Further Education and Training band (FET), the syllabuses made way for curricula and all technical subjects were restructured, reduced and re-curriculated to four new subjects. These four new subjects are defined in the New Curriculum Statement (NCS) documents and should be taught according to the Outcomes-Based Education (OBE) principles. This study was undertaken to determine the nature of technology education in the phase, what competencies these teachers should have and what the perceptions of final year students in this phase are, regarding their vocational competencies. The above named objectives were aimed at contributing guidelines with the purpose of improving the training of FET technology teachers. In order to answer the above named questions a literature review, a qualitative and a quantitative study was undertaken. The literature revealed that technology teaching in the FET phase in South Africa has to do with education that focuses on the teaching of technological knowledge, skills, attitudes and values. The technology education in this phase focuses on electrical, mechanical, civil and design fields, with emphasis on problem solutions and the achievement of four well-defined outcomes. The implementation of FET technology in South Africa follows the international trend to place all training with a technical or technology bias under the banner of technology education because teaching only knowledge and skills were no longer sufficient. Because South Africa is still a developing country, there are unique and distinctive problems facing the effective teaching of technology. In order to train teachers effectively for the new curriculum the opinions of practicing school 'principals and experienced teachers in FET technology should be asked to determine what is expected from these novice teachers in practise. A qualitative study revealed that principals and other senior staff members of technical schools (FET) have certain expectations with regard to the competencies and capabilities of their technology teachers. These requirements, for example, includes professional competencies, general, teaching and practical skills and abilities such as subject knowledge and didactical knowledge. In a qualitative study, in which 20 of the final year FET technology students participated, it was found that according to them, they are, to a great extent, equipped for their task as teachers. With few exceptions, the students felt that they were well-equipped in terms of professional, general, teaching and practical skills as they were properly guided in subject and didactic knowledge. As for the training of technical teachers in the FET phase, it was found that the training to a large extent meets the demands of education and the needs of schools, but that there are one or two areas of training that might be improved on and that there are certain misconceptions when students need to judge the value of certain modules. These misconceptions or problem areas mainly focus on the educational programme, practical teaching, education administration and training in practical skills. Specific recommendations are made regarding the training of technical teachers for the FET phase: Recommendations from this study focus on: • Better planned, more effective and relevant workshop practical training. • Greater exposure to, or better planned exposure to, practical education. • Better definition or tuition of educational and didactical modules. • Specific modules exposing students to more imitated administrative tasks. • Promotion of workshop safety. This study focused on the nature of technology education in the FET band in South Africa, the training of teachers who must be able to teach technology in the FET band and the unique abilities they should possess. Recommendations from this study can thus contribute in improving FET technology training in South Africa. / Thesis (M.Ed.)--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2010.

With the implementation of Curriculum 2005 (C2005) in South Africa profound changes were also made to technical education. For example, the name technical education made way for the name technology education, the senior secondary phase was replaced with the Further Education and Training band (FET), the syllabuses made way for curricula and all technical subjects were restructured, reduced and re-curriculated to four new subjects. These four new subjects are defined in the New Curriculum Statement (NCS) documents and should be taught according to the Outcomes-Based Education (OBE) principles. This study was undertaken to determine the nature of technology education in the phase, what competencies these teachers should have and what the perceptions of final year students in this phase are, regarding their vocational competencies. The above named objectives were aimed at contributing guidelines with the purpose of improving the training of FET technology teachers. In order to answer the above named questions a literature review, a qualitative and a quantitative study was undertaken. The literature revealed that technology teaching in the FET phase in South Africa has to do with education that focuses on the teaching of technological knowledge, skills, attitudes and values. The technology education in this phase focuses on electrical, mechanical, civil and design fields, with emphasis on problem solutions and the achievement of four well-defined outcomes. The implementation of FET technology in South Africa follows the international trend to place all training with a technical or technology bias under the banner of technology education because teaching only knowledge and skills were no longer sufficient. Because South Africa is still a developing country, there are unique and distinctive problems facing the effective teaching of technology. In order to train teachers effectively for the new curriculum the opinions of practicing school 'principals and experienced teachers in FET technology should be asked to determine what is expected from these novice teachers in practise. A qualitative study revealed that principals and other senior staff members of technical schools (FET) have certain expectations with regard to the competencies and capabilities of their technology teachers. These requirements, for example, includes professional competencies, general, teaching and practical skills and abilities such as subject knowledge and didactical knowledge. In a qualitative study, in which 20 of the final year FET technology students participated, it was found that according to them, they are, to a great extent, equipped for their task as teachers. With few exceptions, the students felt that they were well-equipped in terms of professional, general, teaching and practical skills as they were properly guided in subject and didactic knowledge. As for the training of technical teachers in the FET phase, it was found that the training to a large extent meets the demands of education and the needs of schools, but that there are one or two areas of training that might be improved on and that there are certain misconceptions when students need to judge the value of certain modules. These misconceptions or problem areas mainly focus on the educational programme, practical teaching, education administration and training in practical skills. Specific recommendations are made regarding the training of technical teachers for the FET phase: Recommendations from this study focus on: • Better planned, more effective and relevant workshop practical training. • Greater exposure to, or better planned exposure to, practical education. • Better definition or tuition of educational and didactical modules. • Specific modules exposing students to more imitated administrative tasks. • Promotion of workshop safety. This study focused on the nature of technology education in the FET band in South Africa, the training of teachers who must be able to teach technology in the FET band and the unique abilities they should possess. Recommendations from this study can thus contribute in improving FET technology training in South Africa. / Thesis (M.Ed.)--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2010.

This study is aimed at indicating the development of technical education at secondary level from 1925 to 1974. Attention is paid to the development of technical education as it is presented at full-time day-schools. For the purpose of this research, technical education is defined as: a preparatory study towards an apprenticeship or a further study in technology, while the value of general-formative education is continually stressed. Chapter 2 deals with the control and judicial foundations of technical education. This aspect is treated in three sub-sections namely: * technical education under provincial control before 1925: * technical education under control of the Union Department of Education and the Department of Education, Arts and Science (1925-1967) and * technical education, once more the responsibility of the provincial departments of education (1968-1974). Chapter 3 shows the composition of the curricula for technical schools during 1925-1974 and how it was adapted periodically to continually changing industrial circumstances. In an effort to provide educated technically trained manpower, pupils are educated in the more general scientific principles which are fundamental to each trade. The emphasis, however. did not only fall on the technological training. Since 1925 generally-formative education had already been offered at technical schools. Chapter 4 deals with the entrance requirements for, as well as the number of pupils in technical high schools. This chapter also tries to explain the manner in which pupils are affected by stipulations concerning compulsory education. chapter 5 deals with the financial implications concerning technical education. The financial burden has been the major factor which impeded the realistic development of technical education. It was also one of the most important factors which determined the place of technical schools in the South African school system. Attention is paid in Chapter 6 to the training of teachers for the technical schools and the training of personnel for the workshops at technical schools is stressed, as this kind of education is peculiar to the technical schools. Chapter 7 gives a short summary of the entire study. / Thesis (MEd)--PU vir CHO

The general purpose of the present study was to investigate the nature, etiology and treatment possibilities of dyslexia, as seen against the background of the normal reading process. In the discussion of the reading process it is pointed out that the ability to read influences the total personality of the child as well as his contact with the environment. Reading is described as a psychoneurological activity which involves the integration of several complex organical and psychological processes. A study of the literature on the nature of dyslexia revealed that the reading disability is usually accompanied by other somatic and psychological symptoms. Several theories on the etiology of reading disabilities are discussed and it seems that there is as yet no general agreement about the causal factors. Traditional theories in which either organical, educational or psychological causes are overemphasized do not seem acceptable. As reading involves the whole personality, disturbances on the organical or psychological levels of the personality, or the complex interaction of several of the factors can probably lead to dyslexia. An analysis of remedial reading methods showed that the immediate aim of most of the traditional techniques was the correction of the reading disability itself. In recent years a growing number of reading specialists endeavoured to include the remediation of basic neurological and psychological factors in their programme. The use of the Aurelle apparatus for the correction of language disturbances enables the therapist to reach the child on the level of neurological organization, by correcting certain hearing functions and verbal expression. At the same time the necessary didactic and psychotherapeutic help can be given, which makes the rehabilitation of the total personality of the child possible. It was decided to initiate research which would eventually help to make Aurelle therapy possible for Afrikaans speaking dyslectic pupils. The specific experimental aim of this study was to discover common reading errors made by dyslectic pupils in two different age groups (7 ½ - 9 years 11 months, 10 – 12 ½ years) and to determine whether the errors of the two groups differ qualitatively. Both experimental groups, consisting respectively of 30 and 32 pupils, were selected on the basis of teachers' evaluation, examination results, number of reading errors and I.Q. A standardized reading test, the Individuele diagnostiese toetse in Afrikaans: lees en taal, was used as basis for the analyses of reading mistakes. A remarkable similarity was found between the two groups with regard to the categories in which most mistakes occurred. Some categories nevertheless differentiated on a significant level between the groups, possibly because of the relatively better sensory discrimination of the older group and this group's greater effort to grasp the meaning of the reading material. The analyses of reading errors in broad categories can be used together with the frequency analyses of mistakes made with specific words and phonemes to build up a programmed model for remedial teaching in reading. Such a model is essential where the Aurelle is included in the audio-visual programme, but it can also be of value for any of the other forms of reading therapy. / Thesis (MA)--PU vir CHO

This study is aimed at indicating the development of technical education at secondary level from 1925 to 1974. Attention is paid to the development of technical education as it is presented at full-time day-schools. For the purpose of this research, technical education is defined as: a preparatory study towards an apprenticeship or a further study in technology, while the value of general-formative education is continually stressed. Chapter 2 deals with the control and judicial foundations of technical education. This aspect is treated in three sub-sections namely: * technical education under provincial control before 1925: * technical education under control of the Union Department of Education and the Department of Education, Arts and Science (1925-1967) and * technical education, once more the responsibility of the provincial departments of education (1968-1974). Chapter 3 shows the composition of the curricula for technical schools during 1925-1974 and how it was adapted periodically to continually changing industrial circumstances. In an effort to provide educated technically trained manpower, pupils are educated in the more general scientific principles which are fundamental to each trade. The emphasis, however. did not only fall on the technological training. Since 1925 generally-formative education had already been offered at technical schools. Chapter 4 deals with the entrance requirements for, as well as the number of pupils in technical high schools. This chapter also tries to explain the manner in which pupils are affected by stipulations concerning compulsory education. chapter 5 deals with the financial implications concerning technical education. The financial burden has been the major factor which impeded the realistic development of technical education. It was also one of the most important factors which determined the place of technical schools in the South African school system. Attention is paid in Chapter 6 to the training of teachers for the technical schools and the training of personnel for the workshops at technical schools is stressed, as this kind of education is peculiar to the technical schools. Chapter 7 gives a short summary of the entire study. / Thesis (MEd)--PU vir CHO

The general purpose of the present study was to investigate the nature, etiology and treatment possibilities of dyslexia, as seen against the background of the normal reading process. In the discussion of the reading process it is pointed out that the ability to read influences the total personality of the child as well as his contact with the environment. Reading is described as a psychoneurological activity which involves the integration of several complex organical and psychological processes. A study of the literature on the nature of dyslexia revealed that the reading disability is usually accompanied by other somatic and psychological symptoms. Several theories on the etiology of reading disabilities are discussed and it seems that there is as yet no general agreement about the causal factors. Traditional theories in which either organical, educational or psychological causes are overemphasized do not seem acceptable. As reading involves the whole personality, disturbances on the organical or psychological levels of the personality, or the complex interaction of several of the factors can probably lead to dyslexia. An analysis of remedial reading methods showed that the immediate aim of most of the traditional techniques was the correction of the reading disability itself. In recent years a growing number of reading specialists endeavoured to include the remediation of basic neurological and psychological factors in their programme. The use of the Aurelle apparatus for the correction of language disturbances enables the therapist to reach the child on the level of neurological organization, by correcting certain hearing functions and verbal expression. At the same time the necessary didactic and psychotherapeutic help can be given, which makes the rehabilitation of the total personality of the child possible. It was decided to initiate research which would eventually help to make Aurelle therapy possible for Afrikaans speaking dyslectic pupils. The specific experimental aim of this study was to discover common reading errors made by dyslectic pupils in two different age groups (7 ½ - 9 years 11 months, 10 – 12 ½ years) and to determine whether the errors of the two groups differ qualitatively. Both experimental groups, consisting respectively of 30 and 32 pupils, were selected on the basis of teachers' evaluation, examination results, number of reading errors and I.Q. A standardized reading test, the Individuele diagnostiese toetse in Afrikaans: lees en taal, was used as basis for the analyses of reading mistakes. A remarkable similarity was found between the two groups with regard to the categories in which most mistakes occurred. Some categories nevertheless differentiated on a significant level between the groups, possibly because of the relatively better sensory discrimination of the older group and this group's greater effort to grasp the meaning of the reading material. The analyses of reading errors in broad categories can be used together with the frequency analyses of mistakes made with specific words and phonemes to build up a programmed model for remedial teaching in reading. Such a model is essential where the Aurelle is included in the audio-visual programme, but it can also be of value for any of the other forms of reading therapy. / Thesis (MA)--PU vir CHO

Thesis (MEd)--PU vir CHO

This study was undertaken to investigate the possibilities of using the computer in teaching Accounting as a school subject. For the purpose of this study three possible uses were identified, viz. computer assisted teaching and learning, computer managed teaching and practice-orientated teaching. In this study the meaning of the term computer was restricted to a microcomputer system. The method of the investigation applied was one of literature study supplemented by informal talks, as well as correspondence with a few colleagues in the USA. From the investigation it became evident that, as far as the subject Accounting is concerned, there are sufficient opportunities to incorporate the computer in the three areas that were identified. Especially as far as practice-orientated teaching is concerned, the field seem to be wide open since very little attention has been given to this aspect in the RSA. The possible use of the computer is hampered mainly by two factors, viz. the high costs involved in purchasing the hardware on the one hand, and the lack of adequate programs of a good quality on the other. It was also found that the syllabuses for Accounting do not yet provide for the use of microcomputer technology in Accounting. Therefore the subject teacher is dependent on himself for incorporating this new development into his teaching of the subject. The teacher of Accounting should also acquaint himself with the criteria for evaluating programs so that he can use programs critically. The conclusion which is reached is that the time is ripe to use the computer in the subject Accounting. In view of developments in the business world especially, practice-orientated teaching should receive serious attention. Everyone concerned with the subject, viz. teachers, planners, researchers, compilers of syllabuses, publishers of textbooks as well as the private sector should work together to do justice to this matter. / Thesis (MComm)--PU vir CHO, 1986