Background and problem discussion: Frauds have increased drastically and changed in nature over the years. The risk management of fraud has become increasingly important and a tangible problem, especially in the Swedish banking sector where the incidence of fraud has increased significantly. The increased number of frauds is mainly due to the progress of digitization, which has introduced several new payment systems that highlight major risks for the financial system.  Purpose: The purpose of the study is to describe and analyze which strategies and measures have been implemented by Swedens's banking sector counteract occuring fraud on stakeholders. The study will focus on mapping Swedish banks risk management and countering fraud in digitzation in order to protect stakeholders assets. Research questions: What strategies has Sweden's banking sector applied in fraud risk management to create sustainable security for its stakeholders? How do Swedish banks work to counter fraud? Method: In this study, a research design that combines both quantitative and qualitative methods has been applied to answer the research questions that concern the study. By using a combination of interviews and surveys, numerical data and descriptive information have been collected from respondents in relation to fraud risk management. Results and conlusion: The collected empirical analysis showed that the three major Swedish banks continuously strive to improve their strategies and streamline their fraud risk management. Despite these efforts, the need for further development and improvement emerges, as indicated by the statistics in the study. The conclusion suggests that some bank customers have become victims of fraud and have not been informed by their banks. The banks can review areas of improvement to reduce financial losses and increase customer confidence in the banking sector. The study showed that effective risk management is a crucial role in the banks, to be able to counter and challenge fraud in the long term. / Bakgrund och problemdiskussion: Bedrägerier har ökat drastiskt och ändrat karaktär under åren. Riskhanteringen av bedrägerier har blivit alltmer betydelsefull och ett påtagligt problem, särskilt inom den svenska banksektorn där förekomsten av bedrägerier ökat markant. Antalet ökade bedrägerier beror främst på digitaliseringens framfart som infört en rad nya betalningssystem som framhäver stora risker för det finansiella systemet. Syfte: Studiens syfte är att beskriva och analysera vilka strategier och åtgärder som har implementerats av Sveriges banksektor för att motverka förekommande bedrägerier på intressenter. Studien kommer fokusera på att kartlägga svenska bankers riskhantering och motverkande av bedrägerier inom digitalisering för att skydda intressenternas tillgångar. Forskningsfrågor: Vilka strategier har Sveriges banksektorn tillämpat vid riskhantering av bedrägerier för att skapa en hållbar trygghet hos deras intressenter? Hur arbetar svenska banker med att motverka bedrägerier? Metod: I denna studie har forskningsdesign som kombinerar både kvantitativ och kvalitativ metod tillämpats för att besvara de forskningsfrågor som berör studien. Genom att använda en kombination av intervjuer och enkäter har numerisk data och beskrivande information kunnat samlas in från respondenterna i relation till riskhantering av bedrägeri. Resultat och slutsats: Den insamlade empiriska analysen visade att de tre storbankerna kontinuerligt strävar efter att förbättra sina strategier och effektivisera sin riskhantering av bedrägerier. Trots dessa ansträngningar framkommer behovet av ytterligare utveckling och förbättringar, vilket indikeras av statistiken i studien. Slutsatsen tyder på att en del bankkunder har blivit offer för bedrägerier och har inte blivit informerade av sina banker. Bankerna kan se över förbättringsområden för att minska de ekonomiska förlusterna och öka kundernas förtroende för banksektorn. Studien visade på att effektiv riskhantering är en avgörande för banker, för att kunna motverka och utmana bedrägerier på långsikt.

Some CBC parameters have been implicated in individual susceptibility to death, both in heart disease and cardiac surgery populations. The cellular elements of blood are widely affected during cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB), technique used in cardiac surgery. A Complete Blood Count called Risk Score (CBC-RS) was calculated from the average of the deviations of the various elements of the CBC and has been previously validated and published. The CBC-RS showed as excellent predictor of death from all causes in large healthy and cardiovascular risk populations. Despite the effect of CPB on the blood cells, there is no acknowledgement from the prior assessment of this score in the surgical setting. The aim of this study was to evaluate the role of CBC-RS in the surgical risk prediction (mortality and morbidity) in patients undergoing cardiac surgery with CPB. For this, it was evaluated a historical cohort of 428 patients undergoing cardiac surgery with CPB. The individual CBC-RS was calculated using the collected blood count of patients preoperatively. Logistic regression and statistical C analyzed the predictive accuracy of this score. The primary endpoint was in-hospital mortality (all-cause) and secondary outcomes included the majors and bleeding complications. In our study, CBC-RS was a predictor of hospital mortality (OR = 1.28 for each score increments, 95% CI = 1123-1458, p <0.001) and secondary outcomes (OR = 1.208, 95% CI = 1.103 to 1.323, p <0.001). The areas under the curve (AUC) was 0.697 (p <0.001) and 0.636 (p <0.001) for both the primary and secondary endpoints, respectively. In multivariate analysis, after adjustment for other risk predictors (EuroSCORE II and CPB time), the CBC-RS remained significant and was the strongest predictor of mortality. Therefore, the CBC-RS proved to be an independent predictor of mortality and surgical complications during hospitalization. It may be a useful tool in risk assessment of patients undergoing cardiac surgery. / Dentre os diversos parâmetros fornecidos pelo hemograma, alguns já foram implicados em aumento da suscetibilidade individual à morte, tanto em pacientes com patologias cardíacas quanto os submetidos à cirurgia cardíaca. Os elementos celulares do sangue são amplamente afetados durante a circulação extracorpórea (CEC), técnica usada nas cirurgias cardíacas. Um escore calculado a partir dos desvios da média dos diversos componentes do hemograma foi previamente validado, publicado e chamado de Complete Blood Count Risk Score (CBC-RS). O CBC-RS se mostrou excelente preditor de morte por todas as causas em grandes populações saudáveis ou com fatores de risco cardiovascular. Apesar do efeito da CEC sobre as células sanguíneas, não se tem conhecimento da avaliação prévia deste escore no contexto cirúrgico. O objetivo do presente trabalho foi avaliar o papel do CBC-RS na predição de risco cirúrgico (mortalidade e morbidade hospitalar) em pacientes submetidos à cirurgia cardíaca com CEC. Para isso, uma coorte histórica de 428 pacientes submetidos à cirurgia cardíaca com CEC foi avaliada. O CBC-RS individual foi calculado utilizando o hemograma coletado dos pacientes no pré-operatório. A acurácia preditora deste escore foi analisada através regressão logística e estatística C. O desfecho primário avaliado foi a mortalidade hospitalar (por todas as causas) e os desfechos secundários incluíram as complicações maiores e sangramento. Em nosso estudo, o CBC-RS foi um preditor de mortalidade hospitalar (OR = 1,28 por cada aumento de pontuação do CBC-RS, IC 95% = 1.123 - 1.458, p <0,001) e dos desfechos secundários (OR = 1,208, IC 95% = 1,103 - 1,323, p <0,001). As áreas sob a curva (AUC) foram 0,697 (p <0,001) e 0,636 (p <0,001) para os desfechos primário e secundário, respectivamente. Na análise multivariada, após ajuste para preditores de risco pré-operatório (EuroSCORE II) e transoperatório (tempo de CEC) conhecidos, o CBC-RS permaneceu significativo e foi o preditor de mortalidade mais forte. Sendo assim, o CBC-RS se mostrou um preditor independente da mortalidade e complicações cirúrgicas no período hospitalar, podendo representar uma ferramenta útil na avaliação de risco de pacientes submetidos à cirurgia cardíaca.