The use of currency options has been grown widely during the latest years. This paper tries to answer whether hedge strategies using currency options are superior to forward exchange contracts or not.

The bid-ask spread costs consist of three components, which include order processing costs, inventory-holding costs, and adverse selection costs. In this paper, we model the inventory-holding costs of the bid-ask spread by option hedging. Theinventory-holding costs are hedged by call or put option positions. Since trades deal with the adverse selection traders are unobservable. We treat it as a latent variable, and Expected-Maximization (EM) algorithm are applied to estimate the related parameters of the model. Simulation studies are performed for several different models. Empirical results of NYSE high frequency data show that the proposed model are obtain appropriate parameter estimation when the returns satisfied normality assumption.

The first option has been publicly traded for more than 30 years. With the progress of time, despite the European option is still the exchange-traded option. But evolved through the years, the European option has not meet people's needs, so exotic option was born. Similarly, the pricing model, from the traditional closed-form solution (under the Black-Scholes assumption), now commonly used binomial trees, finite difference, or by using the Monte Carlo simulation. The main impact of the following factors: the first, with the complexity of the option contract - from single asset to multi-assets, from the plain vanilla option to the path-dependent option, it is more difficult to find the closed-form solution of the option. Second, with the development of personal computers, making numerical computing is no longer a difficult task. It is precisely these two front reason, there will be the birth of this article. Himalaya option is also an exotic options. With the multi-assets and path dependent features, we want to find a closed-form solution is very difficult. Under multi-assets situation, the binomial tree and finite difference will be time-consuming calculation. Therefore, this paper is using Monte Carlo simulation of reasons. In this paper, we use Monte Carlo simulation to pricing Himalaya option, which includes several variance reduction techniques used to reduce sample variance. Finally, when pricing completed, we try to do a simple study to option hedging.

Este trabalho analisa três estratégias de hedge de opção, buscando identificar a importância da escolha da estratégia para a obtenção de um bom desempenho do hedge. O conceito de hedge é analisado de forma retrospectiva e uma teoria geral de hedge é apresentada. Em seguida são descritos alguns estudos comparativos de desempenho de estratégias de hedge de opção e suas metodologias de implementação. Para esta análise comparativa são selecionadas três estratégias de hedge de opção de compra do tipo européia: a primeira utiliza o modelo Black-Scholes-Merton de precificação de opções, a segunda utiliza uma solução de programação dinâmica para hedge dinâmico multiperiódico e a terceira utiliza um modelo GARCH para precificação de opções. As estratégias são comentadas e comparadas do ponto de vista de suas premissas teóricas e por meio de testes comparativos de desempenho. O desempenho das estratégias é comparado sob uma perspectiva dinâmicamente ajustada, multiperiódica e autofinanciável. Os dados para comparação de desempenho são gerados por simulação e o desempenho é avaliado pelos erros absolutos médios e erros quadráticos médios, resultantes na carteira de hedge. São feitas ainda considerações a respeito de alternativas de estimação e suas implicações no desempenho das estratégias. / This work analyzes three option hedging strategies, to identify the importance of choosing a strategy in order to achieve a good hedging performance. A retrospective analysis of the concept of hedging is conducted and a general hedging theory is presented. Following, some comparative papers of hedging performance and their implementation methodologies are described. For the present comparative analysis, three hedging strategies for European options have been selected: the first one based on the Black-Scholes-Merton model for option pricing, the second one based on a dynamic programming solution for dynamic multiperiod hedging and the third one based on a GARCH model for option pricing. The strategies are compared under their theoric premisses and through comparative performance testes. The performances of the strategies are compared under a dynamically adjusted multiperiodic and self-financing perspective. Data for performance comparison are generated by simulation and performance is evaluated by mean absolute errors and mean squared errors resulting on the hedging portfolio. An analysis is also done regarding estimation approaches and their implications over the performance of the strategies.

Este trabalho analisa três estratégias de hedge de opção, buscando identificar a importância da escolha da estratégia para a obtenção de um bom desempenho do hedge. O conceito de hedge é analisado de forma retrospectiva e uma teoria geral de hedge é apresentada. Em seguida são descritos alguns estudos comparativos de desempenho de estratégias de hedge de opção e suas metodologias de implementação. Para esta análise comparativa são selecionadas três estratégias de hedge de opção de compra do tipo européia: a primeira utiliza o modelo Black-Scholes-Merton de precificação de opções, a segunda utiliza uma solução de programação dinâmica para hedge dinâmico multiperiódico e a terceira utiliza um modelo GARCH para precificação de opções. As estratégias são comentadas e comparadas do ponto de vista de suas premissas teóricas e por meio de testes comparativos de desempenho. O desempenho das estratégias é comparado sob uma perspectiva dinâmicamente ajustada, multiperiódica e autofinanciável. Os dados para comparação de desempenho são gerados por simulação e o desempenho é avaliado pelos erros absolutos médios e erros quadráticos médios, resultantes na carteira de hedge. São feitas ainda considerações a respeito de alternativas de estimação e suas implicações no desempenho das estratégias. / This work analyzes three option hedging strategies, to identify the importance of choosing a strategy in order to achieve a good hedging performance. A retrospective analysis of the concept of hedging is conducted and a general hedging theory is presented. Following, some comparative papers of hedging performance and their implementation methodologies are described. For the present comparative analysis, three hedging strategies for European options have been selected: the first one based on the Black-Scholes-Merton model for option pricing, the second one based on a dynamic programming solution for dynamic multiperiod hedging and the third one based on a GARCH model for option pricing. The strategies are compared under their theoric premisses and through comparative performance testes. The performances of the strategies are compared under a dynamically adjusted multiperiodic and self-financing perspective. Data for performance comparison are generated by simulation and performance is evaluated by mean absolute errors and mean squared errors resulting on the hedging portfolio. An analysis is also done regarding estimation approaches and their implications over the performance of the strategies.

Subject of the submitted thesis is the issue of currency options. The aim is the detailed analysis of currency options forcefully on dealing, characteristics, methods of pricing and their use for hedging strategies. The first part of the thesis presents an introduction into the option theory. The second part is about dealing, pricing and arbitrage relationships of currency options. In this part are two option pricing model extracted -- the binomial options pricing model for pricing currency options and the Garman-Kohlhagen model for pricing European currency options. In the third part is an example for a currency put option hedging strategy.