Thesis (Ph.D.)--Indiana University, Dept. of Communication and Culture, 2009. / Title from PDF t.p. (viewed on Jul 15, 2010). Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 70-12, Section: A, page: 4527. Adviser: Robert L. Ivie.

Thesis--Aarhus. / Summary in Danish. Bibliography: p. [44]-47.

Thesis--Wisconsin. / Vita. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 269-278).

Thesis--Wisconsin. / Vita. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 192-195).

Thesis (M.A.)--University of Wisconsin--Madison, 1980. / Typescript. eContent provider-neutral record in process. Description based on print version record. Includes bibliographical references (leaf 68).

Thesis (M.Ed.)--Regis University, Denver, Colo., 2006. / Title from PDF title page (viewed on Jan. 31, 2007). Includes bibliographical references.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--Ohio State University, 1987. / Includes vita. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 370-379). Available online via OhioLINK's ETD Center.

Thesis (Ed.D.)--Boston University

Orientadores: Pedro Luiz Rosalen, Marta Cristina Teixeira Duarte / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Odontologia de Piracicaba / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-16T16:26:49Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Queiroz_VanessaCristinaPinPiazentin_M.pdf: 4355114 bytes, checksum: 2e7009da410cba032963dee4cd9aa7ac (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010 / Resumo: A candidíase oral é uma infecção fúngica que tem sido relatada como problema de saúde pública e em decorrência de um crescente índice de cepas resistentes de Candida spp., tem-se aumentado o interesse em produtos naturais como fonte de novos compostos bioativos. Neste sentido, a própolis brasileira apresenta importantes propriedades farmacológicas como antimicrobiana e poderia ser estudada quanto à sua atividade antifúngica. Assim, o objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a atividade anti-Candida de três tipos de própolis brasileiras contra formas planctônicas e em biofilme de Candida spp. de maiores incidências em patologias da cavidade oral. Foram utilizados três tipos de própolis selecionadas por suas propriedades antimicrobianas em estudos prévios, os quais estão classificadas na literatura como: tipo 3 (interior do estado do Paraná), tipo 6 (região de mata atlântica do estado da Bahia) e tipo 13 (região de mangue da cidade de Maceió, estado de Alagoas). Para cada tipo de própolis foram obtidos o extrato etanólico (EEP) e suas respectivas frações com diferentes gradientes de polaridade (hexano, diclorometano e acetato de etila). Aos EEP e respectivas frações foram aplicadas as seguintes metodologias para avaliação da atividade antifúngica contra Candida spp. de forma a conduzir um estudo bioguiado: 1- Determinação da Concentração Inibitória Mínima (CIM) e Concentração Fungicida Mínima (CFM) dos EEP dos tipos 3, 6 e 13 e frações hexânica (fr-hex), diclorometânica (fr-dicloro) e acetato de etila (fr-acet) contra as formas planctônicas das leveduras, obtidas de um banco internacional de cepas Centraalbureau voor Schimmelcultures (CBS): Candida albicans (CBS 562), Candida dubliniensis (CBS 7987), Candida glabrata (CBS 07), Candida krusei (CBS 573), Candida parapsilosis (CBS 604), Candida tropicalis (CBS 94), pelo método da microdiluição. 2- Determinação da CIM das própolis 3 e 13 (EEP e respectivas frações diclorometânicas) sobre biofilmes em pré-adesão. 3- Verificação de possíveis alterações ou danos na estrutura celular das leveduras quando submetidas às própolis 3 e 13 (EEP e respectivas frações diclorometânicas) pela Microscopia Eletrônica de Varredura (MEV) em biofilmes em pré-adesão e formados. De maneira geral, as própolis dos tipos 3 e 13 demonstraram forte atividade anti-Candida contra as leveduras analisadas (valores mínimos e máximos de CIM 4,0 e 31,3 µg/mL para EEP da própolis 3 e 1,0 e 7,8 µg/mL para EEP da própolis 13) em relação a do tipo 6 que demonstrou baixa atividade. O EEP tipo 13 e respectiva fr-dicloro se destacaram, por apresentarem efeito fungicida contra todas as cepas analisadas com valores mínimos e máximos de CFM 125 e 500 µg/mL para a fr-dicloro tipo 13. As própolis 3 e 13 (EEP e respectivas fr-dicloro) apresentaram atividade anti-biofilme em pré-adesão com valores máximos de 250 µg/mL para EEP tipo 3 (C. parapsilosis) e 250 µg/mL para fr-dicloro tipo 3 (C. parapsilosis) e CIM 125 µg/mL para EEP tipo 13 (C. tropicalis) e 31,3 µg/mL para fr-dicloro tipo 13 (C. parapsilosis). As imagens de MEV mostram a interferência dos EEP tipos 3 e 13 e respectivas fr-dicloro sobre biofilmes em pré-adesão, entretanto as própolis não foram capazes de desagregar completamente os biofilmes formados de Candida spp se comparadas ao grupo controle (Nistatina). Conclui-se que os três tipos de própolis estudadas apresentaram atividade anti-Candida tanto em organização planctônica quanto em biofilme, entretanto, a fração diclorometânica da própolis do tipo 13 é a fração ativa, que contém importantes compostos efetivos contra Candida spp. e pode ser fonte de novos princípios bioativos para prevenção ou tratamento da candidíase oral, a qual deve ser objeto de estudos futuros / Abstract: Oral candidiasis is a fungal infection that has been reported as a public health problem and due to increased rate of resistant strains of Candida spp. has increased the interest in natural products as sources for new bioactive compounds. Brazilian propolis have important biological properties such as antimicrobial and anticariogenic activity, thus antifungal activity could also be evaluated. The aim of this study was to evaluate the anti-Candida activity of three Brazilian propolis against planktonic and biofilm forms of Candida spp. of higher incidences in oral cavity diseases.Three types of propolis were selected for antimicrobial properties in previous studies, which are classified in the literature as type 3 (within the state of Parana state), type 6 (Atlantic Rainforest of Bahia state) and type 13 (mangrove region, Maceió city, Alagoas state). For each type of propolis were obtained the ethanolic extract (EEP) and respective fractions with different gradient polarity (hexane, dichloromethane and ethyl acetate). The following methodologies were applied on EEP and correspondent fractions to evaluate antifungal activity against Candida spp. by a bioguided study: 1 - Determination of Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) and Minimum Fungicidal Concentrations (MFC) of EEP types 3, 6 and 13 and hexane (hex-fr), dichloromethane (dichlo-fr) and ethyl acetate (ethyl-fr) against planktonic forms of yeasts from an international bank Centraalbureau voor Schimmelcultures (CBS): Candida albicans (CBS 562), Candida dubliniensis (CBS 7987), Candida glabrata (CBS 07), Candida krusei (CBS 573), Candida parapsilosis (CBS 604), Candida tropicalis (CBS 94) using the microdilution method. 2 - Determination of MIC of propolis 3 and 13 (EEP and dichloromethane fractions) on preformed biofilm. 3 - Verification of possible changes or damages of the yeast cell structure when subjected to 3 and 13 propolis (EEP and dichloromethane fractions) by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) in preformed and mature biofilms. In most cases, propolis types 3 and 13 demonstrated strong anti-Candida activity against the yeasts tested (minimum and maximum MIC values 4.0 and 31.3 µg/mL for EEP type 3 and 1.0 and 7.8 µg/mL for EEP type 13 compared to the low effect of propolis type 6. EEP type 13 and respective dichlo-fr had the best fungicidal effect against all strains (minimum and maximum MFC values 125 and 500 µg/mL). EEP type 3 and 13 and their dichlo-fr presented anti-biofilm activity 250 µg/mL for EEP type 3 (C. parapsilosis), 250 µg/mL for dichlo-fr type 3 (C. parapsilosis) and (maximum MIC 125 µg/mL for EEP type 13 (C. tropicalis), 31.3 µg/mL for dichlo-fr type 13 (C. parapsilosis). SEM images show the influence of propolis samples on preformed biofilms, however these samples were not capable of completely disrupting the mature biofilms, if compared to control (Nistatin). Thus, we concluded that the three types of propolis studied presented anti-Candida activity both in organization and in planktonic biofilm, however, the dichloromethane fraction of propolis type 13 is the active fraction, which contains important compounds effective against Candida spp. and could be a source of new bioactive principles for prevention or alternative treatment of oral candidiasis, which should be the object of future studies / Mestrado / Farmacologia, Anestesiologia e Terapeutica / Mestre em Odontologia

Oral leukoplakia is the most common potentially malignant oral lesion. While the clinicopathological features in white patients are well characterised, this is not the case in black people. The aim of this study is to analyse the differences in the clinicopathological features of oral leukoplakia in different racial groups in the greater Johannesburg area of South Africa, with special emphasis on the black population. Only 14% of oral leukoplakia occurred in black persons compared to 80% in white persons. In contrast to white persons, black persons were diagnosed with oral leukoplakia at a younger age; there were more males affected than females; and the proportion of idiopathic leukoplakias was greater. There were significantly more black people (23%) with non-homogenous leukoplakia oral leukoplakia than white people with non-homogenous leukoplakia (13%), but there were significantly more white people (51%) than black people (23%) with dysplastic oral leukoplakia; and while in white people the floor of the mouth was the most frequently affected site, in black people it was the buccal mucosa. This study provides important differences in the clinicopathological features of oral leukoplakia between black persons and white persons.