Drought resistance among genotypes of Port-Orford-cedar (Chamaecyparis lawsoniana (A. Murr.) Pan., Cupressaceae) seedlings was evaluated both in the field and in the greenhouse. Field water potentials (��) of 5-year-old seedlings were measured at two high-elevation plantation sites where summer drought occurs. Measurements of �� were compared to survival two years prior at the same site. The north coastal breeding zone 1 had significantly lower mid-day �� and lower survival than the southern interior breeding zone 6. Percent survival at 3 years was significantly correlated with mid-day ��. A second assessment of drought resistance was performed in the greenhouse on 1-0 seedlings. Root growth potential (RGP) was measured in the winter under non-stress conditions and following a drought in the summer. Differences among breeding zones were opposite in pattern from outplanting measurements of survival and water potential; therefore, RGP may not be a good predictor of drought resistance or survival among different genotypes within a single species. Low-elevation, coastal families had greater root growth than inland, high elevation sources. Greater root growth occurred in seedlings with more shoot mass. Little regional specialization in RGP across the species' range was indicated as there was greater variation among families than among breeding zones. In the summer RGP test following drought, only the two extremes of the range were evaluated; both north coastal and southern interior families showed decreased root growth compared to the winter RGP under non-stress conditions. Despite significantly higher predawn �� in inland, high elevation families, lower elevation coastal families had significantly more roots. Change in chlorophyll fluorescence yield measured on foliage of droughted plants was positively correlated with the absolute value of predawn ��; however, it was not a sensitive predictor of predawn �� (R��=0.06) at the levels used in this study. Lower levels of �� may be necessary to produce severe stress to damage Port-Orford-cedar foliage. / Graduation date: 2003

Breeding Port-Orford-cedar for resistance to Phytophthora lateralis, a causal agent of root disease, begins by screening, through artificial inoculation, phenotypically resistant trees selected from natural stands. The successful program selected tolerant or resistant POC parent trees for the purpose of disease management. Candidate resistant POCs were used in my dissertation to: 1. validate screening methods such as stem- and root-dip inoculation; 2. test for increased virulence of P. lateralis; and 3. evaluate detection techniques. The results showed that the established screening methods were appropriate, and no evidence of changed virulence was found. A PCR technique was more reliable than other techniques for detection of P. lateralis in seedlings. An additional test for foliar infection showed that initial penetration through wounds and natural openings was possible. POC seedlings and rooted cuttings from resistant and susceptible families were used to demonstrate resistance mechanisms. In order to explain the mechanisms at the cellular level, the susceptible response of POC seedlings to P. lateralis was first observed with light microscopy. Zoospores encysted on lateral roots, germinated, and penetrated by means of appressoria. Direct penetration between epidermal cells was common but penetration through epidermal cell walls was also observed. The hyphae colonized the root cortex inter- and intracellularly. Wound inoculation on stems resulted in inter- and intra cellular hyphal growth in cambial, sieve, and parenchyma cells in the secondary phloem. Several resistance mechanisms were observed: 1) there was a difference in zoospore attraction between susceptible and certain resistant POCs revealed by microscopic observation, direct count of encysted zoospores, and quantitative real-time PCR; 2) the frequency of encystment, penetration, and colonization of resistant seedlings was much lower than susceptible seedlings, but no differences in infection pathway were observed by means of light or electron microscopy; 3) collapsed cell walls were present in resistant POCs showing increased cell wall thickness, wall appositions, and electron dense materials. / Graduation date: 2005

Thesis (M.A.)--Oregon State University, 2007. / Printout. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 113-120). Also available on the World Wide Web.

Crime fiction, despite its long chronicled history, has only recently become prevalent as ‘genre fiction’ in South Africa. Despite being an historically disparaged form, crime fiction offers a platform to engage critically with elements of contemporary society. This thesis focuses in particular on the ‘Clare Hart’ series of krimi novels written by Margie Orford, considering some of the ways in which the author mediates the conventions of the genre. (I base my discussion on Like Clockwork [2006], Blood Rose [2007], Daddy’s Girl [2009] and Gallows Hill [2011], with brief remarks, in my conclusion, on the recently-published fifth novel, Water Music [2013].) I argue that Orford seeks to exploit the thrills and tensions typically associated with the genre even as, working through a gender lens, she attempts to reconfigure genre conventions and constraints in order to tackle ethical, social, economic and political challenges in South and southern Africa, especially as they impact upon women, children, and marginalised groups of people. My study examines how Orford undertakes a possible conscientising of her readership, in a genre which is ostensibly associated with easy, entertaining pleasures. In this endeavour, of particular importance is Orford’s characterisation of her protagonist, Clare Hart, an investigative journalist-cum-profiler whom she uses to turn a “defiant observer’s eye” (Orford 2010: 187) on the naturalised violence against women and children in the country, and to up-end some of the entrenched masculinist orientations of both thriller and hard-boiled traditions. Additionally, the thesis addresses the regional situation of Orford’s novels, the expressly southern African environment. Using selected theories of space and place, I argue that while setting is often important to literary fiction, for the crime thriller, setting is much more complexly spatialised, since it may assist in carrying an author’s contextualised criticism of received spatial hierarchies as they relate (especially) to gender and race. Additionally, I point out that Orford’s novels offer her the opportunity to situate narrative in relation to troubled regional histories and geographies, and to move beyond the immediate southern African locality to map the mass-mediated, global vectors which constitute the present, and to situate history in relation to contentious, provocative contemporary concerns such as “organized crime, collapsing state institutions, [and] street gangsters” (Orford 2010: 184). In doing so, I find, Orford offers psychological insight into the complex and highly unsettled nature of the protracted political transition which has marked South Africa’s shift from apartheid to democracy. / M.A. University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban 2013.

Port-Orford-cedar (Chamaecyparis lawsoniana) is a forest tree native to a small area of Oregon and California. A root disease caused by Phytophthora lateralis causes widespread mortality of Port-Orford-cedar. This dissertation examines three important elements of the Port-Orford-cedar P. lateralis pathosystem related to breeding for disease resistance: use of resistant rootstocks to maintain genotypes of Port-Orford-cedar for breeding; the heritability and genetic basis of disease resistance; and variability in virulence and DNA fingerprint among a sample of P. lateralis isolates. Port-Orford-cedar was reciprocally grafted to western redcedar (Thuja plicata), incense cedar (Calocedrus decurrens), and Alaska yellow-cedar (Chamaecyparis nootkatensis). Port-Orford-cedar scion graft success was moderate with western redcedar and incense cedar, but extreme overgrowth of the rootstock by the scion indicated incompatibility. Xylem union was good, but phloem union was incomplete or lacking. Nearly all Port-Orford-cedar rootstocks and seedlings exposed to P. lateralis died of root disease. Four percent of the Alaska yellow-cedar exposed also died, confirming this tree as a host for P. lateralis. Resistance of Port-Orford-cedar to P. lateralis is rare. A small number of trees have been identified exhibiting resistance. A number of families were tested to determine the genetic basis for resistance. Estimates of narrow-sense and family mean heritability of resistance, as exhibited by restriction of lesion length after inoculation, were determined. Both narrow-sense and family mean heritabilities were between 0.61 and 0.98 in most tests. Between 21% and 32% of the variance was due to differences among families. Thirteen isolates of P. lateralis were collected from three hosts throughout the geographic range of the fungus. Variation in growth rate on artificial media at three temperatures, virulence when used to inoculate Port-Orford-cedar, and DNA fingerprint were compared. There were significant differences in growth rate among isolates at 24C, but fewer differences at lower temperatures and on a rich medium. One isolate produced significantly shorter lesions in three different inoculation tests. Isolates differed at only two of 189 bands produced by Inter Simple Sequence Repeat (ISSR) DNA primers, indicating very little genetic variation among isolates. / Graduation date: 2001

Thesis (M.A.)--Oregon State University, 2010. / Printout. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 59-61). Also available on the World Wide Web.

Changes to commemorative signage in Port Orford, Oregon, United States, during 1998 and 1999 represent an emerging public acknowledgement of the removal by force of most of the indigenous peoples of Southwestern Oregon in the 1850s. A wide range of participants, including local area residents and nonresident members of Native American First Nations, negotiated changes to signage within a context of controversy. Hegemonic social memory institutionalized as local history and publicly displayed as text on a historical marker was challenged by an alternate version of the event commemorated: a conflict between Athapaskans and Euro- Americans in 1851 at the site now know as "Battle Rock." The alternate version is supported by oral tradition which is marginalized as a source of knowledge about the past while the official history has been privileged by repetitious inscription and incorporated commemorative ritual. Discussion includes the selectivity of public history and the creation of public memory through commemorative activity in which official and vernacular interests compete. A parallel is drawn between the remembrance and acknowledgement of events once suppressed and the remembrance and acknowledgement of marginalized indigenous American First Nations "forgotten" by the United States federal government. The Confederated Tribes of the Lower Rogue, building support for legislative acknowledgement of their tribal status, contributed positively to the production of signage text, an activity which enhanced both their visibility and the visibility and remembrance of their Athapaskan forebears.

Thesis (M.S.)--Oregon State University, 2009. / Printout. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 128-132). Also available on the World Wide Web.

Changes to commemorative signage in Port Orford, Oregon, United States, during 1998 and 1999 represent an emerging public acknowledgement of the removal by force of most of the indigenous peoples of Southwestern Oregon in the 1850s. A wide range of participants, including local area residents and nonresident members of Native American First Nations, negotiated changes to signage within a context of controversy. Hegemonic social memory institutionalized as local history and publicly displayed as text on a historical marker was challenged by an alternate version of the event commemorated: a conflict between Athapaskans and Euro- Americans in 1851 at the site now know as "Battle Rock." The alternate version is supported by oral tradition which is marginalized as a source of knowledge about the past while the official history has been privileged by repetitious inscription and incorporated commemorative ritual. Discussion includes the selectivity of public history and the creation of public memory through commemorative activity in which official and vernacular interests compete. A parallel is drawn between the remembrance and acknowledgement of events once suppressed and the remembrance and acknowledgement of marginalized indigenous American First Nations "forgotten" by the United States federal government. The Confederated Tribes of the Lower Rogue, building support for legislative acknowledgement of their tribal status, contributed positively to the production of signage text, an activity which enhanced both their visibility and the visibility and remembrance of their Athapaskan forebears. / Arts, Faculty of / Anthropology, Department of / Graduate

Since 2006, the Province of Quebec’s Ministère des Forêts, de la Faune et des Parcs (MFFP) is leading an expansion project at Mont-Orford National Park, which aims at adding 4300 hectares of land to the park, representing a 172% increase. The project raises concerns among the riparian population of Lac Montjoie, the case study of this research, whose shores and islands have been partially acquired by the Government of Quebec. These lands are expected to be integrated to the Mont-Orford National Park and operated by the Société des Établissements de Plein Air du Québec (Sépaq), a state agent responsible for operating Quebec’s national parks. While the MFFP, the Sépaq, and the riparian community all claim to seek to preserve the lake and its surroundings, these three actors express different views on conservation. As such, this thesis analyzes the variations in the conservation discourses of the MFFP, the Sépaq, and Lac Montjoie riparian dwellers in the context of the Mont-Orford National Park expansion project. I identify the conservation discourses of these three actors and explore their favoured conservation processes, practices of power and purposes. Accordingly, I apply a Foucauldian critical discourse analysis to examine official documentation as well as the data gathered from 23 semi-structured interviews with riparian households. I employ Feldman’s (2017) conceptual framework to situate the discourses of the MFFP, the Sépaq, and riparian dwellers in the conservation literature by comparing them to the 'fortress,’ community-based, ‘back to the barriers,’ and neoliberal conservation discourses. The research concludes that the MFFP and the Sépaq share a similar narrative that primarily contains characteristics of the ‘fortress’ and neoliberal discourses, while Lac Montjoie riparian dwellers put forward a vision that I label as ‘unenforceable disciplinary conservation.’ The Mont-Orford National Park expansion project entails a renegotiation of governance at Lac Montjoie that exposes tensions between neoliberal and disciplinary conservation in the creation of environmental subjects, as well as different interpretations of the notion of ‘heritage’ as the cornerstone of the supposed intrinsic relationship between humans and nature.