Thesis (Ph. D.)--Florida State University, 2005. / Advisor: Dr. James S. Brooks, Florida State University, College of Arts and Sciences, Dept. of Physics. Title and description from dissertation home page (viewed Sept. 15, 2005). Document formatted into pages; contains xiii, 120 pages. Includes bibliographical references.

Dielectric, d. c. conductivity and electrolysis measurements have been made principally on solid imidazole and urea. Electrode effects, especially the development of a suitable protode, and techniques for detecting mobile protons in solids were pursued. The dielectric data have been correlated with the d. c. results. A mechanism for extrinsic proton conduction in urea has been proposed.

In this work, using the idea of an electrically conducting "functional unit," monomers and polymers with possible electronic and electro-optic applications were synthesized. The synthesis and polymerizations were, in many cases, novel and non-trivial. Dithiafulvene (1,3-dithiole) and variations of this functional unit were synthesized and incorporated into new condensation polymers. Polyesters, polyamides and polyhydrazones were all successfully synthesized and could be cast into films. These new polymers might be applicable as processable conducting materials if compatible dopants are employed or by themselves in the area of third order non-linear optics. Using a (meth)acrylate backbone, a spacer group of six methylene units, and a phenyl-CO₂-phenyl mesogen, linked by an ester group to a strongly polar optically active center containing a methoxy group, three new novel monomers and polymers were designed to exhibit smectic C* liquid-crystal phases. The polymers exhibited liquid crystalline behavior as was shown in differential scanning calorimetry and optical microscopy. Further studies and investigations in the synthesis of pure (meth)acrylate esters and their homopolymers yielded surprising results with regard to the Schotten-Baumann reaction. Interestingly, the use of meth(acryloyl) chloride in this scheme leads to (meth)acrylic anhydride, which is not easily isolable from distillable products. This anhydride is responsible for gelation in the polymerization of glycolate esters, and cannot be removed by work-up with various nucleophiles without disrupting desired ester functions. An S(N)2 method is recommended in this work.

No description available.

Cette thèse étudie le passage liquide de Luttinger liquide de Fermi au moyen de l'application d'une pression hydrostatique dans le conducteur organique quasi unidimensionnel TMTSF2PF6. La dépendance en température de la résistivité le long the l'axe de moindre conductivité fait apparaître un régime haute température qui s'interpréter par des chaînes de Luttinger alors qu'au dessous de 100K le système évolue vers un régime de chaînes couplés avec une physique de type liquide de Fermi.Ce modèle est aussi confirmé par l'étude de l'effet Hall dans le même composé.

In this thesis, the development of a novel experimental technique for measuring the spontaneous, stochastic work function (WF) fluctuations of conducting polymer films, at equilibrium, is discussed. Polyaniline (PANI) is studied as a representative conducting polymer. This technique utilizes an insulated-gate field-effect transistor (IGFET) with PANI gate electrode (PANI-IGFET). The fluctuations of PANI WF are transduced into measurable drain current fluctuations of the device. By analyzing these fluctuations while systematically controlling the temperature, electric field and doping level, a model of WF fluctuations in PANI films is developed. These experiments suggest that the source of WF fluctuations is the hopping of charge carriers, or trapping/detrapping of charge carriers, around the Fermi level of the PANI film at the PANI-insulator interface. This process is thermally activated with a field and doping dependent activation energy in the range of 0.1 to 0.5 eV. Thus, this new technique provides detailed information about charge-carrier dynamics in the space-charge region of the PANI film, at equilibrium. These results have important implications for organic electronics and furthering fundamental understanding of the relationship between doping, disorder and work function in organic semiconductors.

L'analyse de COV spécifiques dans l'haleine (identifié comme biomarqueurs de maladies telles que lecancer) donne une idée de l’activité métabolique et physiologique d'un individu et peut fournir undiagnostic anticipé non-invasif et potentiellement peu coûteux de plusieurs maladies dont le cancer.Mais avant que des tests médicaux ne puissent devenir une réalité clinique, il est nécessaire dedévelopper une technique d’analyse rapide, fiable, économique et portable. Les réseaux de senseurs(nez électroniques) à base de nanomatériaux qui peuvent satisfaire toutes ces exigences, constituentl’élément clef de l'identification des maladies par leur empreinte de COV dans l'haleine. L'objectif decette thèse est de fabriquer différents senseurs chemo-résistifs à base de nanocomposites conducteursayant la capacité de discriminer un ensemble de maladies (comme le cancer du poumon) par l’analysede leur biomarqueur (COV). Par conséquent, afin de fabriquer des senseurs de haute performance avecune grande sensibilité (ppb) et une sélectivité adaptée aux COV ciblés, différentes méthodologiesd’élaboration de nanocomposites conducteur, ont été implémentées. Des fonctionnalisations covalenteset non-covalentes de ces nanomatériaux de carbone ont été réalisées avec différents types demolécules, i.e., oligomères, polymères ou minérales afin d’ajuster la sélectivité et la sensibilité descapteurs. La nanodéconnection des jonctions du réseau percolé formé par les nanocharges de carbone aainsi pu être contrôlée en faisant varier la fonctionnalité chimique de leur surface. Finalement unensemble de senseurs de vapeur chemorésistifs de hautes performances, ayant une sélectivité pour lesbiomarqueurs du cancer du poumon ont pu être fabriqués et intégrés avec succès dans un nezélectronique.The / The analysis of specific VOC in exhaled breath (identified as biomarkers of specific disease like cancer)give an idea of metabolic and physiological activities of an individual and can provide non-invasive andpotentially inexpensive anticipated diagnosis of several diseases including cancer. The invention of afast, reliable, economic and portable technique is highly required before breath testing become a clinicalreality. Nanomaterial based sensor arrays can fulfill all these requirements and can form a solidfoundation for identification of disease related VOC patterns in exhaled breath. The objective of thisthesis was to fabricate different chemo-resistive sensors based on conductive nanocomposites withability to differentiate and discriminate a set of disease (such as lung cancer) biomarker VOC. Thereforein order to fabricate high performance sensors with high sensitivity and required selectivity towardstargeted VOC, adoption of different methodologies for the synthesis of conductive nanocomposite, wasstrongly emphasized.Covalent and noncovalent functionalizations of these carbon nanomaterials with various oligomeric,polymeric or inorganic molecules were done in order to tune the sensor’s selectivity and sensitivity.Nanoswitching at the junctions of percolated network formed by the carbon nanomaterials could becontrolled by varying the organic functionality on the surface.Finally a set of high performance chemoresistive vapour sensors, with different selectivity towardstargeted lung cancer VOC could be fabricated and successfully integrated in an e-nose with highefficiency towards detection and discrimination of a set of disease specific VOC biomarkers.

Orientadores: Rubens Maciel Filho, Fernando Ely / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Química / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-22T07:45:29Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Matsumoto_Agatha_M.pdf: 4679251 bytes, checksum: 08fb9e84038f307956ec356550160f03 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013 / Resumo: Células fotovoltaicas orgânicas (OPVs) tem sido foco de intensa pesquisa devido ao seu potencial de baixo custo de produção e pela típica característica de serem flexíveis. Apesar de tais vantagens, estes dispositivos ainda têm baixa eficiência quântica (PCE). Este trabalho explora o desenvolvimento de processos de fabricação reprodutíveis e o uso de novos materiais em estruturas de dispositivo fotovoltaico. Inicialmente foi construído dispositivo padrão seguindo a estrutura de ITO/ PEDOT VpAl/ P3HT:PCBM/ Al, que corresponde à estrutura OPV mais estudada, até hoje, e que conduz a altas eficiências de fotoconversão. Foram ajustados todos os parâmetros físico-químicos para se obter as soluções mais estáveis possíveis e camadas funcionais uniformes do dispositivo padrão. Diversas modificações, neste dispositivo padrão, foram introduzidas para incrementar a eficiência quântica originalmente obtida. Primeiramente, foi testada a aplicação de PEDOT condutor e nanoparticulas (NP) de ZnO como camada buffer em substituição ao PEDOT VpAl. Posteriormente, o composto liquido-cristalino TAPCu-52 foi introduzido como material do tipo-P na camada ativa, em substituição ao polímero P3HT. Cristais líquidos também foram estudados como aditivos funcionais na camada ativa para aumentar a mobilidade dos portadores de carga e facilitar a separação do par elétron-buraco fotogerado. Por fim, buscando tornar o dispositivo completamente flexível foi realizada a substituição do eletrodo transparente de ITO por uma camada de PEDOT condutor, obtida pelo método de spray manual e ultrasônico. As caracterizações elétricas e morfológicas das células OPV, mostraram que todas as modificações feitas levaram a resultados positivos em relação ao dispositivo padrão fabricados / Abstract: Organic photovoltaics (OPVs) have been the focus of research due its flexible characteristics and low cost of production. Despite such advantages these devices still have low quantum efficiency (PCE), which is an obstacle for commercialization. This work explores reliable fabrication processes and new materials for OPV structures. For comparison, we fabricated standard devices having the well studied structure ITO/ PEDOT VpAl/ P3HT:PCBM/ Al which can lead to high fotoconversion efficiencies. Physical and chemical parameters were modified to achieve stable solutions and uniform functional layers. Several modifications in this standard device were introduced in order to increase the original PCE obtained. Firstly, conductive PEDOT and ZnO nanoparticles layers were added in replacement of the PEDOT VpAl as buffer. Afterwards, the liquid-crystalline compound TAPCu-52 was studied as p-type material in the active layer to substitute the P3HT polymer. Liquid crystals were also investigated as functional additives to increase the charge carrier mobility and electron-hole separation. Finally, ITO was changed by a conductive PEDOT layer deposited by handheld and ultrasonic spray as transparent anode in order to have a more flexible device. In general, the electrical and morphological characterizations indicated that all studied modifications had positive effect on the PCE of the manufactured OPV devices / Mestrado / Desenvolvimento de Processos Químicos / Mestra em Engenharia Química