In the current day and age, South African organisations are faced with many unique challenges in striving to manage an increasingly diverse workforce. The purpose of this study was to develop guidelines for effective diversity management in South African organisations. In order to understand what effective diversity management means in South African organisations as well as the various contextual factors at play, a qualitative approach to the research was utilized through the core methodology of Grounded Theory. In the first stage of the research, relevant literature on the subject was scrutinized. This included an overview of the conceptualization of workforce diversity, theoretical models for the management of diversity, barriers to effective diversity management and best practice methodology in the field of diversity management. After identifying key points from the literature relevant to the study, a semi-structured in depth interview schedule was developed and the elements from literature used to guide the discussions with participants during the data collection phase. Purposive sampling was used to identify participants and criteria defined by which participants were selected. Participants were approached for the purposes of obtaining their inputs to the study in their capacity as subject matter experts within the field of diversity management. Interviews were conducted until a point of data saturation was reached. Data was analyzed according to coding methodology and with the use of a systematic coding tool, ATLAS.ti. Three main themes were identified from the data, namely Diversity philosophy, Contextual factors influencing diversity and Diversity actions. During the discussion of results, findings were compared with the most prominent elements identified from literature. Subsequently, the researcher was able to identify guidelines for effective diversity management in South African organisations. The aim of the guidelines is to assist diversity practitioners in South African organisations in understanding effective diversity management, prioritizing diversity initiatives and making decisions that will enhance the effect of diversity on the business. / Dissertation (MCom)--University of Pretoria, 2012. / Human Resource Management / unrestricted

This diploma thesis deals with analysis of marketing strategy of Slovak nonprofit and nongovernmental organisation Úsmev ako dar and its project Najmilší koncert roka. This organisation concerns with help and care about children from foster homes. The theoretical part describes nonprofit organisations, its funding and its specific marketing. The practical part begins with description of organisation Úsmev ako dar and its project Najmilší koncert roka, and continues with analysis of its marketing mix and communication strategy, and also the analysis of the marketing strategy for project Najmilší koncert roka, where the results are compared with results from survey.

This thesis is an organisational ethnography that seeks to make an original contribution to anthropological knowledge through an iterative interrogation of neoliberalism and personhood.Endeavour (a pseudonym) is a gap year organisation based in the UK that runs trips abroad to Central America, India and Borneo for young people. A gap year is any period of between three months to two years outside formal education or employment, but often refers to a year-off preceding university. Endeavour is a registered charity committed to what it describes as “personal development”. It attempts this by organising young people into small groups to participate in adventurous challenges and work on charitable projects in community development and environmental conservation.Using multi-sited ethnography, the thesis moves from the marketing, fundraising and recruitment in Endeavour’s Head Office to the implementation and management of expeditions in Central America. The thesis explores the daily workings, processes and practices of Endeavour and how these are influenced by and connected to the current political-economic climate in the UK as it works to produce a particular type of gap year experience and through this a particular kind of person.In exploring the process by which neoliberal persons are shaped at a gap year organisation, the thesis considers different aspects of the organisation and how it interacts with and is shaped by its context. It argues that the demands of neoliberalism have shaped the organisational structure of Endeavour and its employees. The trips also prepare young people to cope with the conditions in a neoliberal labour market. The thesis investigates Endeavour’s relationship to the state and argues non-governmental bodies are increasingly taking on state-like roles. Equally, as Endeavour has had to professionalise and become “business-like” to compete in the gap year market, it must patrol its charitable ethos to ensure the organisation carries the moral weight that attracts its patrons. The thesis also considers the techniques used during the trips abroad to discipline and organise young people as well as how these encourage friendships and social harmony in line with Endeavour’s charitable goals. It explores the personal development techniques that form the basis of Endeavour’s model of personhood and how these are used to develop individuals who are good at making transitory social relations and can thrive in neoliberal circumstances.

Magister Administrationis - MAdmin / The primary objective of this study is to critically examine the extent to which the Drakenstein municipality has achieved the principles spelt out in legislation and policy documents in relation to the implementation of Integrated Development Planning (IDP). Central to this process is to determine the roles that each of the stakeholders plays In the design, implementation and monitoring of the IDP On investigating the IDP it became evident that there were various shortcomings in the process in which it was prepared. For example, there was a lack of participation with necessary stakeholders, and, as a result of inadequate knowledge on the subject, councillor discussion in general council meetings on issues pertaining to development and especially to the IDP process was inadequate. Also lacking was the necessary administrative capacity, and proper consultation with other spheres of government with regards to the IDP process. The IDP is a key development instrument for Drakenstein municipality and its people and it is essential that proper systems are in place to effectively address the need for development in the region. However, budgetary constraints curtail the capacity of the Municipality to address all its priorities in one given year. Important and significant gaps therefore exist between the IDP and departmental business plans. It is in these gaps where the private sector and community organisations can add to the capacity of the municipality in support of broad community development priorities. Therefore, to address the aforementioned, it was found that departments should institute business plans in order to translate strategic themes into tangible and measurable activities. The IDP should define synergies between the activities of the Council, NGOsjCBOs and the business community (especially the farming sector) where different players are encouraged to explore roles for their organisations towards a better life for all.

Development asks that the inequity and unsustainability of the widening gap between rich and poor be narrowed, ultimately impacting on households in the most economically excluded communities. Local community-based organisations (CBOs) provide much of the organisational fabric through which development is delivered. Largely resourced by the poorest themselves, many of these CBOs aspire to attracting funds from the development aid industry. In attempting to comply with the rules of these funding sources and compete in funding relationships, organisations become players in the funding game fraught with power imbalance and seemingly contradictory incentives. Neither the funding agencies, intent on disbursement, nor the CBOs in their desire to build organisations and contribute to their communities, seem aware of the true costs of these relationships. Aid funding is complex, operating at numerous levels, across a multiplicity of varied organisations, stakeholders and contexts. Over the last 60 years, the aid industry has evolved complicated and highly engineered mechanisms to manage relationships with funding recipients, including detailed conventions for evaluation. As part of contractual obligation, criteria for success are pre-defined; outcomes are predicted; and targets are projected. Development, however, is not linear or predictable. It is contradictory and complex. Despite objections and alternatives since the late 1980s, ‘conventional’ linear, simplistic rationale has dogged the development industry. The HIV support sector as a focus for funding, capacity building and service contracts from government and international aid agencies, offers rich examples of aid industry dynamics. This research, set amongst small but established CBOs working in HIV/AIDS support in Soweto and Lawley (Gauteng) and Mabeskraal (North West Province), explores alternative evaluation approaches, methodologies and principles, based on grounded evaluation. Two models are tested and compared. Firstly, inward-looking, organisation-based, reflective self-evaluation using Stories and Metaphor. Than secondly, outward-looking, community research using a Most Significant Change approach. The evaluation processes developed help participating CBOs describe success and outcomes against their own criteria. The approaches use narrative, visual and metaphorical formats. The central purpose of the research is meta-evaluation aimed at an effective process using iterative, cumulative action research based on the principles of grounded theory. Meta-evaluation data included descriptions of the processes and the nature of evaluation results. They are analysed using reflection, learning and re-design in an action research cycle. The results provide both practical insights into conducting evaluation, and the principles of effective development in a CBO setting. They demonstrate that grounded evaluation can be used to understand organisational dynamics and programme outcomes. Participatory methods, particularly visual and verbal communication, are shown to be far superior to written communication in this setting. The results demonstrate the mutual compatibility and ethical inseparability of organisation development with evaluation, providing insight into the practice of utilisation-based evaluation. The value of appreciative inquiry and the risks of accusatory inquiry are described. A thread that runs through the results highlights the impact of power, ownership and process use in effective evaluation. The research has also elaborated some of the intractable contradictions and conundrums in development aid. Money carries the power vested in global economics and market forces. In making funding judgements, evaluators purvey the power of wealth inequity: the very power imbalance which itself purports to address. As a development practitioner, an evaluator’s role should be to facilitate pathways out of dependent mindsets. As gatekeepers to financial support, however, their work entrenches distortions in perceptions of wealth and power. These complex interactions of power and ownership demand moderation and compromise. The industry requires investment of greater energy into theoretical, methodological and practical research. Suggestions for such research are included. Without fresh creativity, development and evaluation will remain frustrated forces within an entrenched, self-perpetuating system of inequity and disparity. / Thesis (PhD)--University of Pretoria, 2010. / Human Resource Management / unrestricted

This study set out to examine the opportunities and constraints for Zimbabwean civil society participation in African Union policy initiatives. The work came up after a realisation that there are serious challenges that inhibit participation of Zimbabwean civil society organisations (CSOs) in the policy-making initiatives of the continental body. The problem arises from the structure of the African Union (AU) in that it is an inter-state organ and, as such, any engagement with the African citizens has to be done through the various governments of members‘ states. This means that for Zimbabwean CSOs‘ voices to be heard in the AU policy-making, they have to go through their Ministry of Foreign Affairs. The Zimbabwean situation is a very unique and problematic one in that the government and CSOs are sworn enemies. The animosity arises from the allegations by the government that the CSOs are part of a well-orchestrated plot led by the United States of America and Britain to effect illegal regime change in Zimbabwe. It is the argument of the ZANU PF government that the West is sponsoring the opposition as a response to the land redistribution exercise. Given this background, it has been difficult for CSOs to make their representations to the government. This work therefore sought to determine alternative avenues for engagement by CSOs. The research was done through interviews of 20 CSOs involved in issues of democracy and good governance. It also utilised a lot of secondary information from the Ministry of Foreign Affairs as well as the AU. The research came to the conclusion that CSOs need to improve their working relations with the government and also try to utilise other avenues for engagement like the Economic, Social and Cultural Council (ECOSOCC). The work further concluded that the ―cat and mouse‖ relationship between the government and civil society in Zimbabwe has created a situation where the latter has been demonised, if not totally criminalised to the extent of limiting its access into mainstream AU affairs. This, in brief, has presented a situation 5 where the feasibility of a democratic experience in Zimbabwe becomes increasingly remote and misty. Zimbabwe‗s contribution to African political and economic life has been disabled by the Zimbabwean government‘s next to single-handed approach to African and international affairs. The absence of the Zimbabwean civil society‗s voice in the African economic and political life reduces Zimbabwe‘s place in African affairs to a narrow and shallow location. The democratic doctrine of multiplicity of voices and diversity of opinions, which are important ingredients of democracy as it is globally perceived, are negated by the Zimbabwean government‘s enduring interest to collapse the civil society to dormant national shareholders whose role is theoretical at the expense of being real and meaningful. At a prima facie level, the Zimbabwean civil society is an isolated and hindered entity through legislation and economic and political conditions that the Zimbabwean government has caused. On the other hand, on a point of strategy and creative positive thought, this creates a window of opportunities and some interesting challenges to the actors and players in the Zimbabwean civil society to generate methods and approaches relating to the greater African economic and political reality without the co-operation, or the consent, of the Zimbabwean government. This presents a case study to the test of Africa and the globe that governance is not only a preserve of the governments, but is an all-inclusive process that must also involve non-state actors, lest it becomes a partisan and narrow meaningless affair. That, in the African context, can be summarised in a West African saying that ―no matter how big your hand is, it can not cover the sky‖. In this context, no matter how big the AU can be, it cannot adequately serve the interests of the whole of Africa without involving other key players like the civil society movement.

Mémoire numérisé par la Direction des bibliothèques de l'Université de Montréal.

En analysant les Organisations Non Gouvernementales de Développement (ONGD), notre thèse s'engage dans un champ d'étude à peine défriché à ce jour : la sociologie des organisations non gouvernementales de développement. Plus précisément, notre dissertation doctorale se propose de dévoiler certains aspects non manifestes de la rationalité qui sous-tendent les pratiques des acteurs des ONGD en les confrontant à leur discours, conçus pour la plupart hors des contextes dans lesquels elles évoluent. L'étude des pratiques et des discours des ONGD sera menée à partir des données empiriques recueillies auprès des acteurs des organisations étudiées. Celles-ci devraient nous permettre d'apporter une explication aux incongruités constatées suite à la confrontation entre pratiques et discours des ONGD étudiées. Notre thèse montre en effet qu'il existe de profonds écarts entre les pratiques et le discours des ONGD congolaises. Leur discours relèvent davantage d'idéologies qui ont vu le jour ailleurs et qu'elles se trouvent en quelque sorte obligées de reprendre à leur compte afin de répondre aux exigences en vue de l'obtention d'une assistance financière extérieure de la part des Organisations Non Gouvernementales de Développement International (ONGDI). Par ailleurs, cette assistance consentie dans un mouvement dit de solidarité internationale et destinée à des groupes ciblés africains ne parvient pas toujours dans son intégrité à leurs bénéficiaires désignés. Quelle que puisse être la bonne foi des ONGD en partenariat avec les ONGDI, les effets de leurs activités et interventions s'avèrent beaucoup moindre que prévu. Ceux-ci ne sont certainement pas de nature à remplacer les interventions incombant à l'État dans le cadre de ses devoirs et obligations envers ses citoyens, ni se substituer aux politiques nationales de développement, dûment conçues et planifiées pour l'ensemble du territoire. Si bien que la somme totale des activités de toutes les ONGD réunies, aussi bien intentionnées soient-elles, ne sera pas ce qui mènera au développement d'un pays comme le CongoKinshasa. Leurs interventions ne pourront que s'avérer un complément, utile certes, aux missions traditionnelles de l'État. Ce dernier ne devrait pas renoncer à son rôle au profit des ONGD mais les considérer comme de précieux partenaires en raison de leur proximité avec les populations.

Yes

Yes / Faith-based social work is characterized by the recognition and acknowledgement of faith and faith-based values as significant sources of motivation and guidance. These may enhance professional values, but may also draw practitioners into direct conflict with secular values within the mainstream. This chapter explores the religious or faith-based origins of social work, the nature of faith-based practice, contemporary faith-based issues, and the global spread of social policies aimed at increasing the involvement of faith-based organizations in service delivery. It also seeks to highlight some of the dilemmas involved.