This thesis explains how some organized crime outlaws, such as anti-Prohibitionists, the North American Mafia or La Cosa Nostra, outlaw motorcycle gangs, and Aboriginal street gangs, come to exist and thrive in Canadian society. It sets forth the historical development and nature of criminal organization laws in Canada, and compares the definition of “criminal organization” in the Criminal Code with other criminal law concepts, such as corporate criminals and white-collar criminals; conventional criminality or garden-variety predatory crime; terrorists; and criminal conspirators, parties, and accessories. It uses various concepts and assertions within criminological, sociological and psychological theories to explain the formation and perpetuation of the identity of individuals who engage in organized crime and who are members of organized crime groups. Aspects of social constructionism, social control and bond theory, differential association in the context of subcultures of violence, deviance and labelling, and social psychology theories are discussed to explain why some individuals, or some individuals who are criminals, become organized crime outlaws. Some of these reasons or explanations overlap and some complement one another. From these theoretical reasons or explanations, this thesis extracts a list of requisites that anti-organized crime measures should address in order to effectively combat organized crime. The conflicts among some of these requisites are set forth and reconciled, and the requisites are used to evaluate the present Canadian criminal organization provisions in the Criminal Code and to suggest non-criminal law as well as non-legal ways to effectively combat organized crime. After the application and discussion of each requisite, this thesis makes recommendations as to what anti-organized crime measures should include and how they should approach the problems posed by organized crime outlaws in this country.

Thesis (M. Soc. Sc.)--University of Hong Kong, 1991.

Thesis (M.Soc.Sc.)--University of Hong Kong, 1991. / Also available in print.

Thesis (M.A. in National Security Affairs)--Naval Postgraduate School, March 2004. / Thesis advisor(s): Jeff Knopf. Includes bibliographical references (p. 83-87). Also available online.

Summary The master thesis presents legal analysis of forms of complicity in the Criminal Code of Republic of Lithuania. The institute of complicity presents rather complicated structure within the Criminal Law. The modern system of forms of complicity consists of three members: group of accomplices, organized group and criminal association. The theory of Criminal Law is trying to find ways of justifying the construction, presented by the legislator. The forms of complicity as a topic of analysis have a great importance for the court practice, whereas courts’ decisions depend on the proving of marks and features of complicity. The legal regulation of complicity has been changed by the legislator. The new Criminal Code of 2000 regulates forms of complicity and constitutes new features of them. The regulation is new. The forms of complicity were not present in the old Criminal Code. In addition to that, different doctrines of law separate different features of forms of complicity. It is important systemize them theoretically. The new regulation of forms of complicity is important not only because of new features of the forms, but also the estimation of them present difficulties in various criminal cases. Thus, the author presents valuable analysis and different suggestions for establishing forms of complicity in different criminal cases. Examples from cases are widely analyzed and discussed. The existing doctrine is based on the Criminal Code of 1961. The doctrine of law is... [to full text]

Thesis (Ph.D.) - University of St Andrews, May 2009. / Electronic version restricted until 29th May 2012.

Transnational organized crime has been prevalent during the last century, but it recently has been recognized as a threat to the world order. Governments throughout the world, along with the intergovernmental organizations identified this phenomenon as a new threat to domestic and international security. This paper attempts to explain the impacts of transnational organized crime on the functioning of democratic societies by adopting the Russian Organized Crime as case study. The descriptive research with regard to definition, scope and organization of transnational organized crime, along with the objectives, limitations and methodology of this research will be included in the first chapter. Recent trends observed in organized crime`s character and the impact of organized crime on the political economies of democratic regimes will be contained in the following chapters. Pre-conditions for a broader response to transnational organized crime and conclusive remarks will be the context of the last chapter.

Bibliography: leaves 510-533. / xx, 533 leaves : ill., map ; 30 cm. / Title page, contents and abstract only. The complete thesis in print form is available from the University Library. / "This study provides a comprehensive analysis of migrant trafficking in its different aspects and dimensions. It examines the nature, characteristics and magnitude, the causes, conditions and consequences of migrant trafficking, and the inadequacies of existing policies and legislation. It compiles, reviews and analyses existing and proposed legislation at national, regional and international levels. It forwards a set of specific proposals that can be woven into a coherent and comprehensive strategy to prevent and combat illegal migration and organised crime in Australia and the Asia Pacific region more effectively in the 21st century." / Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Adelaide, Dept. of Law, 2002

Every phenomenon evolves with times. Illicit activities like Transnational Organized Crimes (TOC) are not an exception in this regard. Africa, especially West and Southern Africa, have been challenged by a number of TOCs. Ghana and South Africa are amongst the countries in West and Southern Africa that have been subjected to a range of crimes of this nature. Drug trafficking and money laundering are the most prominent illicit activities in Ghana and South Africa. Drug trafficking and money laundering has been prevalent in Ghana and South Africa to such an extent that it has contributed to the growth of illicit economy. Increased size of illicit economy, constrained state capacity and expansion of TOCs are amongst effects of drug trafficking and money laundering in Ghana and South Africa. This dissertation evaluates state capacity in relation to drug trafficking and money laundering in Ghana and South Africa in the period from 2001 to 2011. Regulatory, administrative, technical and extractive are elements of state capacity being looked at. The research used qualitative research method, this was achieved through textual analysis of secondary sources. Regulatory, administrative, and technical state capacity elements have been fairly operational in dealing with drug trafficking and money laundering in the period from 2001 to 2011 in the two countries being looked at. On the other hand extractive state capacity element has been struggling from 2001 to 2011 in reducing drug trafficking and money laundering in Ghana and South Africa. It is clear that globalization has played an important role in the occurrence of the two TOCs under discussion. To better understand TOCs further research needs to look at other regions within and outside Africa. / Thesis (M.Soc.Sc.)-University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg, 2013.

A Tactical Data Link (TDL) system has been deployed in many military missions as a winning strategy. The performance of a TDL system is governed by the MAC protocol. The MAC protocol that is able to provide more flexibility and high quality of services is more desirable. However, most MAC protocols implemented in current TDL systems are based on a preprogramming TDMA protocol, in which a time slot schedule is fixed. This thesis presents the new self-organized TDMA protocol based on the existing self-organized slot assignment algorithms and the practical military scenarios as the alternative solution to the current preprogramming TDMA protocol. The self-organized TDMA protocol presented in this thesis is based on the Node Activation Polling Access (NAPA), Virtual Slot (VSLOT), and message based slot assignment algorithms. To evaluate the performance of the designed self-organized TDMA protocol over the preprogramming TDMA protocol, the simulation models for both protocols were implemented and simulated with NS-2 under the specific study scenarios. The results show that the self-organized TDMA protocol offers more flexibility and higher performance than the preprogramming TDMA protocol. In addition, the aspects of stability and security for the self-organized TDMA protocol were discussed. The overall conclusion is that the self-organized TDMA protocol could be a viable alternative for a future TDL system.