Fundação Carlos Chagas Filho de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado do Rio de Janeiro / O presente trabalho objetiva discorrer sobre como a psicanálise considera o processo de constituição do sujeito na neurose, para, a partir de então, examinar o motivo pelo qual Freud empregou o termo escolha nesse processo. A pesquisa inicia-se com a análise das contribuições de Freud e de Lacan acerca dos fatores que causam uma neurose. Para isso, será examinada a relação entre trauma, pulsão e fantasia no processo de estruturação subjetiva e será avaliado de que forma o trauma possibilita culminar nas diferentes classes de neurose. Logo em seguida, o trabalho parte para a pesquisa acerca da entrada do organismo vivo na linguagem e sobre a constituição do sujeito. Será realizado um percurso sobre a subversão da ordem instintual quando se é constituído pelo significante, além de se discorrer sobre as especificidades da estrutura neurótica, como a dinâmica do recalque, a constituição da fantasia, a formação dos sintomas e a relação do sujeito com a linguagem e com o seu desejo. Para isso, considerou-se necessário abordar sobre o decurso das primeiras relações da criança com o outro, sobre a inauguração do psiquismo e o advento do sujeito. A partir disso, estabeleceu-se como problema verificar como é possível haver um mecanismo de escolha de estrutura, isto é, de ação seletiva do sujeito em sua constituição, em um contexto em que o autor aproximou a causa da neurose de fenômenos sobredeterminados, definidos por outras circunstâncias que independem do posicionamento subjetivo. Buscou-se questionar como é possível ao sujeito agenciar um mecanismo eletivo em um contexto no qual o próprio sujeito é efeito dessa eleição. Assim, problematizou-se até que ponto há sobredeterminação e participação subjetiva na constituição de uma neurose. / This study aims to analyse how the psychoanalysis considers the process of constitution of the subject in neurosis, to then examine why Freud used the term choice in this process. The research begins with the analysis of the contributions of Freud and Lacan about the factors that cause a neurosis. For this, will be examined the relation between trauma, drive and fantasy in the process of structuring subjective and will be evaluated how the trauma enables culminate in different classes of neurosis. Shortly afterwards, the work starts to research about the entrance of the living organism in the language and about the constitution of the subject. There will be a path about the subversion of the instinctual order when it is constituted by the significant, in addition to discuss the specifics of the neurotic structures, as the dynamics of repression, the constitution of fantasy, the formation of the symptoms and the subjects relation with the language and with his desire. For this, it was considered necessary discuss about the dynamics of the first childs relationship with the other, about the inauguration of the psyche and about the advent of the subject. From this, it was established as a problem analyze how there can be a mechanism of choice of structure, of a selective action of the subject in your constitution, in a context where the author approached the cause of neurosis with overdetermined phenomena, defined by other circumstances that are independent of the positioning of the subject. We sought to question how it is possible for the subject establish an elective mechanism in a context in which who chooses is effect of this election. Therefore, it was questioned until that point there overdetermination and subjective participation in the constitution of neurosis.

In this work I deal with the question of whether the use of the concept of overdetermination is coherent across 1) psychoanalytic theoretical and case studies and 2) different psychoanalytic directions. Based on the analysis of the most cited case studies dealing with the topic of narcissism in the field of Kleinian and Relational psychoanalysis, I come to the conclusion that the use of the concept of overdetermination is not completely coherent in psychoanalysis. This incoherence may be due to the different attitudes of different authors to abstract metapsychological assumptions. Narcissism of small differences, which in my opinion is evident between representatives of different psychoanalytic directions, can also play a role. And last but not least, it is possible to look at this incoherence as the result of so-called implicit theories, i.e. not entirely official and conscious theories that psychoanalysts follow in the course of their practical clinical work. Keywords Psychoanalytic discourse, overdetermination, analysis of psychotherapeutic case reports, the relationship between theory and practice ;

TITLE: The Philosophy of Louis Althusser in his ‚theoreticist' period AUTHOR: Petr Kužel DEPARTMENT: Social Sciences and Philosophy, Department SUPERVISOR: Mgr. Michael Hauser Ph.D. ABSTRACT: The thesis focuses on a philosophy of Louis Althusser in his "teoreticist" period, i.e. 1960-1967. The work is divided to four essentials sections: epistemology, ontology, psychoanalyse and ideology. We put accent on epistemological problematic, which is in this period of a development of Althusser's philosophy unequivocally dominant. In introduction of this text is explained historical and political context, in which Althusser realized his "theoretical intervention". The thesis treat on Althusser's conviction, that inadequate theory leads to deformed political practice and that Marxist theory exists till now in his "applied form", notably in The Capital. According to Althusser this Marxist theory wasn't adequately theoretically formed. Our work characterises Althusser's tentative to create and theoretically formulate this theory. This Althusser's tentative is connected with an effort to draw a "line of demarcation" between the Marxism and the pre-Marxist idealist notions, which are foreign to authentic Marxism. Althusser's critique focuses on Stalinism, "theoretical humanism", empiricism and Hegelianism. In present...