<p>Delivering content of interest to clients is one of the most important tasks of the Internet </p><p>and an everlasting research question of today's networking. Content distribution networks(CDNs) </p><p>emerged in response to the rising demand of content providers to deliver contents to clients efficiently, </p><p>reliably, and securely at relatively low cost.</p><p>This dissertation explores how CDNs can achieve major performance benefits by adopting better </p><p>caching strategies without changing the network, or by collaboration with ISPs and taking advantage of their </p><p>better knowledge of network status and topology. It discusses the emerging trends of hybrid CDN architectures </p><p>and solutions to reliability problems introduced by them. Finally, it demonstrates how CDNs could better </p><p>protect both content providers and consumers from attacks and other malicious behaviors.</p> / Dissertation

Computação em grade tem se estabelecido como um importante paradigma de computação, por permitir lidar com grandes quantidades de cálculos e dados e a colaboração de participantes geograficamente distribuídos. Esses sistemas devem ser organizados de forma completamente distribuídas, com cada participante mantendo informações sobre outros participantes, e as informações necessárias ao funcionamento do sistema circulando pela rede de overlay resultante. Quando novas propostas de algoritmos, protocolos ou infraestruturas para a grade são apresentadas, sua avaliação efetiva implica considerar sua operação com uma grande quantidade de participantes, o que invariavelmente significa que simulações devem ser realizadas. Este trabalho apresenta um sub-sistema de simulação de redes de overlay integrado à plataforma de simulação de computação de grade GridSim, de forma a facilitar o estudo desse tipo de estruturas e o desenvolvimento de novas propostas de protocolos e algoritmos para seu uso em grades de computadores. A metodologia adotada resultou no desenvolvimento de um Java package no GridSim com classes e interfaces que representam os conceitos básicos de redes de overlay e da interface dos clientes com essas redes. A partir dele foi possível desenvolver protocolos para redes estruturadas e não estruturadas no simulador e simulá-los utilizando cenários de grade de dados. Com os resultados obtidos foi possível observar que, os protocolos implementados no simulador estão de acordo com o que é encontrado na literatura. / Grid Computing has been established as an important computing paradigm, since it allows dealing with a large quantity of computations and data and the collaboration of geographically distributed participants. Those systems must be organized in a completely distributed way, with each participant knowing about some other participants, and the needed information to the functioning system circulating through the resulting overlay network. When new algorithm proposals, protocols or infrastructures to the grid are presented, its evaluation implies to consider its operation with a large number of participants, which invariably means that simulations must be done. This work presents a subsystem of overlay network simulation integrated to the GridSim simulation platform, in order to facilitate the study of that type of structures and the development of new protocols and algorithms for use in grid computers. The adopted methodology led up to the development of a Java package with classes and interfaces that represent the basic concepts of overlay networks and of the clients interface with those networks. Using this package, it was possible for develop protocols to structured and non-structured networks in the simulator and simulate them using data grid scenarios. With the obtained results it was possible to observe that the implemented protocols in the simulator agree with what is found in the literature.

Self-organizing overlay networks have emerged as a powerful paradigm for providing network services. While most approaches assume that overlay networks are built over a single substrate network, generally, the Internet, this thesis addresses the construction of overlay networks over multiple substrate networks. We present the design, implementation and evaluation of Cross-Substrate Advertisement (CSA) mechanisms for overlay networks over multiple heterogeneous substrate networks. A key difficulty arises from the more complex address bindings, since a single logical identifier is bound to multiple substrate addresses. We present mechanisms for exchanging information on address bindings and evaluate their effectiveness. The CSA mechanisms have been implemented in the HyperCast overlay protocol architecture, and have been evaluated in measurement experiments on an Emulab testbed. The experiments show that our CSA methods are effective in disseminating address information in large networks and are robust in the presence of network disruptions.

Self-organizing overlay networks have emerged as a powerful paradigm for providing network services. While most approaches assume that overlay networks are built over a single substrate network, generally, the Internet, this thesis addresses the construction of overlay networks over multiple substrate networks. We present the design, implementation and evaluation of Cross-Substrate Advertisement (CSA) mechanisms for overlay networks over multiple heterogeneous substrate networks. A key difficulty arises from the more complex address bindings, since a single logical identifier is bound to multiple substrate addresses. We present mechanisms for exchanging information on address bindings and evaluate their effectiveness. The CSA mechanisms have been implemented in the HyperCast overlay protocol architecture, and have been evaluated in measurement experiments on an Emulab testbed. The experiments show that our CSA methods are effective in disseminating address information in large networks and are robust in the presence of network disruptions.

With the increasing demand on multimedia applications over the Internet, and the growing number of mobile smart devices people are using, it is helpful to develop a mobile network architecture that can support multimedia transmission without using infrastructures. We propose that service overlay networks over MANETs can serve as a supplement to the existing 3G/4G networks and Wi-Fi access point networks. In this thesis we present experiment results that show the feasibility of mobile service overlay networks to meet the requirements of multimedia streaming. And also, we improved one of the existing overlay protocols. The improved protocol takes physical location into consideration when establishing connections in the overlay network. It also limits the number of neighbors each node can have, which prevents a particular node from becoming the bottleneck of the network, when connected to too many neighbors. Evaluation results show the new protocol reduces network packet loss rate.

With the increasing demand on multimedia applications over the Internet, and the growing number of mobile smart devices people are using, it is helpful to develop a mobile network architecture that can support multimedia transmission without using infrastructures. We propose that service overlay networks over MANETs can serve as a supplement to the existing 3G/4G networks and Wi-Fi access point networks. In this thesis we present experiment results that show the feasibility of mobile service overlay networks to meet the requirements of multimedia streaming. And also, we improved one of the existing overlay protocols. The improved protocol takes physical location into consideration when establishing connections in the overlay network. It also limits the number of neighbors each node can have, which prevents a particular node from becoming the bottleneck of the network, when connected to too many neighbors. Evaluation results show the new protocol reduces network packet loss rate.

Computação em grade tem se estabelecido como um importante paradigma de computação, por permitir lidar com grandes quantidades de cálculos e dados e a colaboração de participantes geograficamente distribuídos. Esses sistemas devem ser organizados de forma completamente distribuídas, com cada participante mantendo informações sobre outros participantes, e as informações necessárias ao funcionamento do sistema circulando pela rede de overlay resultante. Quando novas propostas de algoritmos, protocolos ou infraestruturas para a grade são apresentadas, sua avaliação efetiva implica considerar sua operação com uma grande quantidade de participantes, o que invariavelmente significa que simulações devem ser realizadas. Este trabalho apresenta um sub-sistema de simulação de redes de overlay integrado à plataforma de simulação de computação de grade GridSim, de forma a facilitar o estudo desse tipo de estruturas e o desenvolvimento de novas propostas de protocolos e algoritmos para seu uso em grades de computadores. A metodologia adotada resultou no desenvolvimento de um Java package no GridSim com classes e interfaces que representam os conceitos básicos de redes de overlay e da interface dos clientes com essas redes. A partir dele foi possível desenvolver protocolos para redes estruturadas e não estruturadas no simulador e simulá-los utilizando cenários de grade de dados. Com os resultados obtidos foi possível observar que, os protocolos implementados no simulador estão de acordo com o que é encontrado na literatura. / Grid Computing has been established as an important computing paradigm, since it allows dealing with a large quantity of computations and data and the collaboration of geographically distributed participants. Those systems must be organized in a completely distributed way, with each participant knowing about some other participants, and the needed information to the functioning system circulating through the resulting overlay network. When new algorithm proposals, protocols or infrastructures to the grid are presented, its evaluation implies to consider its operation with a large number of participants, which invariably means that simulations must be done. This work presents a subsystem of overlay network simulation integrated to the GridSim simulation platform, in order to facilitate the study of that type of structures and the development of new protocols and algorithms for use in grid computers. The adopted methodology led up to the development of a Java package with classes and interfaces that represent the basic concepts of overlay networks and of the clients interface with those networks. Using this package, it was possible for develop protocols to structured and non-structured networks in the simulator and simulate them using data grid scenarios. With the obtained results it was possible to observe that the implemented protocols in the simulator agree with what is found in the literature.

This thesis investigates two architectures and compares their suitability for selective application and user differentiation in sensor networks. A hierarchical architecture consisting of more capable cluster heads surrounded by weaker nodes is compared to a flat architecture of equally powerful nodes. In both architectures there exists a logical overlay network that connects the nodes, depending on the application and user. Furthermore, a broadcast encryption scheme is proposed to aid in distributing keys to nodes for secure communication and to maintain these restricted groups. / applikation och användar differentiering i trådlösa sensor nätverk. En hierarkisk arkitekturbestående av kraftfullare sensor noder omgiven av mindre kraftfulla sensor noder jämförsmed en platt arkitektur bestående av lika kraftfulla sensor noder. I båda arkitekturer existerarett logiskt lager ovanpå stacken som kopplar noder beroende på applikation och användare,helt oberoende av geografisk placering. Utöver det, bör en nyckel management schema användas till att distribuera nycklar tillnoderna för säker kommunikation och att bibehålla dessa slutna grupper.

Wireless mobile internet market is still an unprecedented, uncaptured territory for cellular service providers. The shortage and high cost of downlink data bandwidth in a cellular network has remained a huge factor for the slow growth of data services in mobile devices. Although there has been a significant evolution in telephony infrastructures in form of 3G and 4G systems, the potential of high speed ad hoc network for sharing cellular spectrum have not been realized to its full potential. Like (e.g. Verizon) users can share voice minutes with friends, there is a potential for sharing the unutilized cellular bandwidth among friends to increase net data speed. In a scenario like a football stadium where people visit in groups, although a lone phone cannot stream a high quality replay video, unused cellular bandwidth of proximate friend’s devices can automatically be used in real time to view the replays. An available secondary ad hoc network such as Wi-Fi or Bluetooth in phone can be used for sharing this cellular bandwidth. Thus, we propose BuddyShare, a novel social-based automatic bandwidth sharing overlay platform on short range ad hoc devices to increase net data speed. The motivation stems from the fact that the location of mobile users tends to be clustered to form “people hotspots” such as conferences, stadiums, stations, buses and trains. For example, in a scenario like a football stadium where people visit in groups, although a lone phone cannot stream a high quality replay video, unused cellular bandwidth of proximate friends’ devices can automatically be used in real time to view the replays. Our work creates an overlay on horizontal ad hoc network to enable users to form a group among socially trusted members who can collaboratively share their data connections. Social trust is automatically derived from social relationships obtained by mining mobile-phone behavior pattern. This work aims to improve the overall utilization of the data connection, and increase the data rate of individual users without compromising their privacy and unauthenticated usage. The user privacy is preserved by using the bandwidth resources of only socially trusted member of the user, which also guarantees against unauthenticated exploitation of expensive bandwidth. Our proposed work promises to deliver win-win situation to users, content providers and service providers. The advantages of users are: 1) Increased data rate for the same cost.2) Secure and trusted overlay based communication for sharing resources. The advantages for the service providers are manifold: 1) Customer increase: More customers will avail the data plan due to social influence. 2) Customer retention: [18] Customers part of the social-cum-adhoc network are least likely to leave the network.3) Group subscription: Service provider can get bulk subscriptions as collaborative groups increase data rate. In this work, we address some key technical issues of developing a socially aware overlay collaborating medium. Some of the addressed functionalities associated with the overlay formations are group discovery, creation, management and actual data distribution. This proposal also accounts the computation of social trustworthiness by using standard social networking analytics. We also account the several key technical challenges associated with management of overlay on mobile nodes and trust computation using abstract social network. In order to verify the usefulness of BuddyShare, we collected realistic datasets from various sources (questionnaires, mobile device logs, social networking portal) and conducted analyses and simulations on it. The analyses concluded that sample users from the dataset shared sufficient social trustworthiness. The real events from the datasets were captured in the simulations. These simulations showed that, by using Bluetooth as a horizontal ad hoc medium, an user can scale his data speed three times on average for sufficient duration per day. This thesis achieves the following objectives: 1) It presents a comprehensive design for an overlaid social based internet sharing platform called BuddyShare. 2) It presents a social analysis to validate the concept of social trust among users. 3) It delivers a flexible simulation platform to realistically simulate mobile phones with dual interfaces. 4) It presents the results of simulations of real events captured from the device logs of sample users. These results conclude the usefulness of BuddyShare work.

No description available.