Background: Through the last decades vast amount of sequence information have been produced by various protein sequencing projects, which enables studies of sequential patterns. One of the bestknown efforts to chart short peptide sequences is the Prosite pattern data bank. While sequential patterns like those of Prosite have proved very useful for classifying protein families, functions etc. structural analysis may provide more information and possible crucial clues linked to protein folding. Today PDB, which is the main repository for protein structure, contains more than 50’000 entries which enables structural protein studies. Result: Strongly folded pentapeptides, defined as pentapeptides which retained a specific conformation in several significantly structurally different proteins, were studied out of PDB. Among these several groups were found. Possibly the most well defined is the “double Cys” pentapeptide group, with two amino acids in between (CXXCX|XCXXC) which were found to form backbone loops where the two Cysteine amino acids formed a possible Cys-Cys bridge. Other structural motifs were found both in helixes and in sheets like "ECSAM" and "TIKIW", respectively. Conclusion: There is much information to be extracted by structural analysis of pentapeptides and other oligopeptides. There is no doubt that some pentapeptides are more likely to obtain a specific fold than others and that there are many strongly folded pentapeptides. By combining the usage of such patterns in a protein folding model, such as the Hydrophobic-polar-model improvements in speed and accuracy can be obtained. Comparing structural conformations for important overrepresented pentapeptides can also help identify and refine both structural information data banks such as SCOP and sequential pattern data banks such as Prosite.

<p>Background: Through the last decades vast amount of sequence information have been produced by various protein sequencing projects, which enables studies of sequential patterns. One of the bestknown efforts to chart short peptide sequences is the Prosite pattern data bank. While sequential patterns like those of Prosite have proved very useful for classifying protein families, functions etc. structural analysis may provide more information and possible crucial clues linked to protein folding. Today PDB, which is the main repository for protein structure, contains more than 50’000 entries which enables structural protein studies.</p><p>Result: Strongly folded pentapeptides, defined as pentapeptides which retained a specific conformation in several significantly structurally different proteins, were studied out of PDB. Among these several groups were found. Possibly the most well defined is the “double Cys” pentapeptide group, with two amino acids in between (CXXCX|XCXXC) which were found to form backbone loops where the two Cysteine amino acids formed a possible Cys-Cys bridge. Other structural motifs were found both in helixes and in sheets like "ECSAM" and "TIKIW", respectively.</p><p>Conclusion: There is much information to be extracted by structural analysis of pentapeptides and other oligopeptides. There is no doubt that some pentapeptides are more likely to obtain a specific fold than others and that there are many strongly folded pentapeptides. By combining the usage of such patterns in a protein folding model, such as the Hydrophobic-polar-model improvements in speed and accuracy can be obtained. Comparing structural conformations for important overrepresented pentapeptides can also help identify and refine both structural information data banks such as SCOP and sequential pattern data banks such as Prosite.</p>

The purpose of this case study is to determine if there are any under- or overrepresented industries in CRM case studies. CRM stands for customer relationship management and can be applied as a system to help the sales manager in an industry to control the activities and their customers. CRM enable long-term relationships with customer and to retaining key customer. The top findings in this case study is that the hotel industry is by far the leader of CRM case studies and therefore the overrepresented industry. The underrepresented industries when it comes to amount of CRM case studies is the digital content industry, retailing industry, pharmaceutical industry and the telecommunication industry. The conclusion in this case study is that all the service industries are dependent on the CRM-systems and therefore a lot of case studies have been composed about the subject. Another conclusion is that that CRM-systems cannot be ignored by any industries since the economy is customer orientated.

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