Overset, or Chimera, meshes are used to discretize the governing equations within a computational domain using multiple meshes that overlap in an arbitrary manner. The overset meshing technique is most applicable to problems dealing with multiple or moving bodies. Deep water simulations were carried out using both single and overset grid techniques for the evaluation of the overset grid application. These simulations were carried out using the commercial CFD code STAR-CCM+ by CD-adapco. The geometry simulated is that of a SES model (T-Craft) tested at the Naval Surface Warfare Center Carderock Division. The craft is simulated with two degrees of freedom, allowing movement in heave and pitch in response to displacement of the free surface. Agreement between the single and overset grid techniques was deemed reasonable to extend to future shallow water cases. However, due to longer run times of the overset mesh, the traditional or single mesh technique should be employed whenever applicable. In order to extend existing full craft CFD simulations of a surface effect ship (SES) into shallow water and maneuvering cases, an overset mesh is needed. Simulations of the SES were performed and monitored at various depth Froude numbers resulting in subcritical, critical, and supercritical flow regimes. Resistance, pitch response, and free surface response of the SES were compared between the shallow water simulations. The SES produced wider wakes, perpendicular to the craft, at simulations closer to the critical flow regime. Critical flow occurs at a depth Froude number between 0.9 and 0.95. Progression of shallow water effects through the three flow regimes agrees well with shallow water theory. / Master of Science

Das Ziel dieser Forschungsarbeit ist die Bestimmung charakteristischer aerodynamischer Koeffizienten im Schwebeflug mit Hilfe von Strömungssimulationen. Diese Koeffizienten werden für eine modellbasierte Regelung eines vollaktuierten Multikopters benötigt. Für die Simulationen wird aufbauend auf vorangegangenen Arbeiten ein ‚Sliding-mesh‘-Modell optimiert und einem ‚Overset-mesh‘-Modell gegenübergestellt. Die Verfahren werden anhand von Mess- sowie Referenzdaten hinsichtlich ihrer Rechenzeit und Genauigkeit verglichen. Die Messdaten werden im Rahmen dieser Arbeit ausgewertet. Die Referenzdaten stammen aus älteren Untersuchungen. Das ‚Overset-mesh‘-Verfahren liefert bei viermal höherer Rechenzeit gleichwertige adäquate Ergebnisse. Aus diesen Gründen werden anknüpfende Untersuchungen des Zeitverhaltens der Rotorschubkraft bei Drehzahländerungen mit dem ‚Sliding-mesh‘-Modell durchgeführt. Es wird beobachtet, dass die Schubkraft innerhalb der Simulation den Messdaten bei Drehzahlsprüngen vorauseilt.:1 Einleitung 1.1 Motivation 1.2 Zielsetzung und Aufbau der Arbeit 2 Theoretische Grundlagen 2.1 Strömungsmechanik 2.1.1 Grundgleichungen 2.1.2 Zusätzliche Gleichungen 2.1.3 Navier-Stokes-Gleichungen 2.1.4 Laminare und turbulente Strömungen 2.1.5 Grenzschicht 2.2 Numerische Strömungsmechanik 2.2.1 Numerische Diskretisierung 2.2.2 Numerische Lösungsmodelle 2.2.3 Turbulenzmodelle 2.3 Rotorströmungen 2.3.1 Strahltheorie 2.3.2 Numerische Rotorsimulation 3 Stand der Technik 3.1 Motivation 3.2 Rotorströmung 3.3 Aeroelastizität 3.4 Nachlaufströmung 4 Umsetzung 4.1 Modellbildung 4.1.1 ‚Sliding-mesh‘-Verfahren 4.1.2 ‚Overset-mesh‘-Verfahren 4.2 Validierung 4.2.1 ‚Sliding-mesh‘-Verfahren 4.2.2 ‚Overset-mesh‘-Verfahren 4.3 Modifikationen 4.3.1 ‚Sliding-mesh‘-Verfahren 4.3.2 ‚Overset-mesh‘-Verfahren 4.4 Auswertung 4.4.1 ‚Sliding-mesh‘-Verfahren 4.4.2 ‚Overset-mesh‘-Verfahren 5 Messaufbau und Messauswertung 5.1 Messaufbau 5.2 Messauswertung 5.2.1 Schubkraftverlauf 5.2.2 Drehmomentenverlauf 6 Zeitverhalten 6.1 Modellbildung 6.2 Auswertung Schubkraftverlauf 6.2.1 Drehzahlsprung 1 6.2.2 Drehzahlsprung 2 7 Zusammenfassung und Ausblick 7.1 Zusammenfassung 7.2 Ausblick

<p dir="ltr">Precise measurement of the flowrate is crucial for both process control and energy consumption evaluation. The main aim of this work is to develop a methodology to calibrate mechanical flowmeters, designed to measure high viscosity fluids, in water. In order to accomplish this, a series of computational fluid dynamics (CFD) analysis are carried out to determine how the motion of the mechanical component varies with different flow rates of water and high viscosity fluids. This data is recorded and analyzed to develop calibration curves that relate the motion of the mechanical component the flow rates. From the calibration curves, it can be determined the required water flow rate to achieve the equivalent motion of the mechanical component in a specified viscosity. This method provides an efficient and cost-effective calibration process because it eliminates the need for calibrating using heated engine oil to achieve the fluid viscosity of the flow meter is designed. Flowmeter sensitivity analysis was also performed and it was observed that the motion of the mechanical component curves converges as the size of the flowmeter increases suggesting that the effect of viscosity on flowmeter sensitivity decreases as the size of the flowmeter is increased, likely due to reduced resistance to flow and smaller pressure drops. </p><p dir="ltr">The Kanbara Reactor ladle is a commonly used method in the steelmaking industry for hot-metal desulfurization pre-treatment. The impeller's configuration is pivotal to the reactor's performance, yet its precise function remains partially understood. This study introduces a 3-dimensional Volume-of-Fluid (VOF) model integrated with the sliding mesh technique, investigating the influence of five different impeller speeds. After Validating the model through experimental data, this numerical model is applied to investigate the typical developmental phenomena and the consequences of impeller speed variations on fluid flow characteristics, interface profile, and vortex core depth. The findings reveal that the rotational impeller induces a double-recirculation flow pattern in the axial direction due to the centrifugal discharging flow. With increasing impeller rotation speed, the vortex core depth also rises, emphasizing the substantial impact of impeller speed on vortex core depth.</p>

High speed planing hulls are currently widely used for example in recreational and emergency vessel applications. However, very little CFD research has been done for planing vessels, especially for those with stepped hulls. A validated CFD method for planing stepped hulls could be a valuable improvement for the design phase of such hulls. In this thesis, a CFD method for stepped hulls, with a primary focus on two-step hulls, is developed using STAR-CCM+. As a secondary objective, porpoising instability of two-step hulls is investigated. The simulations are divided into two parts: In the first part a method is developed and validated with existing experimental and numerical data for a simple model scale planing hull with one step. In the second part the method is applied for two two-step hulls provided with Hydrolift AS. A maximum two degrees of freedom, trim and heave, are used, as well as RANS based k-w SST turbulence model and Volume of Fluid (VOF) as a free surface model. The results for the one-step hull mostly corresponded well with the validation data. For the two-step hulls, validation data did not exists and they were first simulated with a fixed trim and sinkage and compered between each other. In the simulations with free trim and heave both hulls experienced unstable porpoising behavior.