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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
111

Imaging of tissue injury-repair addressing the significance of oxygen and its derivatives

Ojha, Navdeep, January 2007 (has links)
Thesis (Ph. D.)--Ohio State University, 2007. / Title from first page of PDF file. Includes bibliographical references (p. 223-247).
112

The behavioral effects of prenatally injected salicylates and saline on post-hatchling chicks /

McIntosh, Lauren Elizabeth. January 2010 (has links) (PDF)
Thesis (Au.D.)--James Madison University, 2010. / Includes bibliographical references.
113

Men and women in hypoxia : the influence of tissue oxygenation on repeated-sprint ability

Smith, Kurt, University of Lethbridge. Faculty of Arts and Science January 2010 (has links)
This thesis examined the impact of oxygen (O2) availability on prefrontal cortex and muscle tissue oxygenation during repeated-sprint exercise (RSE) in men and women. Men and women matched for initial-sprint mechanical work performed during ten, 10-s sprints (30s of rest) in normoxia (21% FIO2) and acute hypoxia (13% FIO2). Mechanical work and arterial O2-saturation (SPO2) were obtained for every sprint. Oxy- and deoxygenated haemoglobin concentrations (O2Hb, HHb) were obtained via near-infrared spectroscopy. Hypoxia elicited lower SPO2 and work (14.8% & 7.4%, P < 0.05), larger (45.1%, P < 0.05) and earlier reductions in cortical oxygenation, and no differences between sexes. Cortical de-oxygenation and work decrement were strongly correlated (R2=0.85, P < 0.05). Muscle de-oxygenation was greater in men than women (67.3%, P < 0.05). These results show that O2 availability influences cortical oxygenation and performance equally in men and women, and suggest a more efficient muscle O2 uptake in women. / ix, 108 leaves : ill. ; 29 cm
114

Oxygen and the ovarian follicle : a thesis presented in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Bioprocess Engineering at Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand

Redding, Gabe Peter January 2007 (has links)
The role oxygen plays in the developing ovarian follicle is of interest not only to the field of developmental biology but also to in-vitro fertilisation (IVF) technologists, as oxygenation of the oocyte is considered to be a potential determinant of oocyte competence. Oxygen transport through the developing ovarian follicle, and practical aspects of the analysis of oxygen in human follicular fluid were investigated in this work. Mathematical modelling of oxygen transport in the pre-antral, and antrallpreovulatory follicle revealed a number of interesting findings, Contrary to previous conclusions (Gosden & Byatt-Smith, 1986), oxygen can reach the oocyte in the small pre-antral follicle. Improved estimates of diffusion coefficients through the granulosa cell layer and the inclusion of fluid voidage in this layer showed that oxygen can also reach the oocyte in large pre-antral follicles. The amount of oxygen that reaches the oocyte in the pre-antral follicle is a function of its size and degree of vascularisation. Symmetrically distributed vascularisation is superior in achieving a well oxygenated follicle. However, the large pre-antral follicle will eventually reach a size beyond which it cannot grow without anoxic regions developing. The size at which this occurs is consistent with the size at which antrum formation is observed in human follicles. The model predicts that the follicle can avoid an anoxic state through antrum formation, and shows that the follicle develops in a way that is consistent with overcoming mass transport limitations. The oxygen status of the follicle during the antrallpre-ovulatory phase of growth requires that the volume of granulosa cells be balanced by the volume of follicular fluid. Further predictions suggest that oocyte respiration becomes sub-maximal at follicular fluid volumes below approximately 4m1, vascularisation levels below 38%, or fluid i dissolved oxygen levels below 5.1 ~01%. These values are consistent with observations in the literature. It was also shown that the measurement of follicular fluid dissolved oxygen levels could provide a simple measure of the respiratory status of the oocyte, and this may be superior to the measurement of follicular vascularisation which requires knowledge of more parameters. Methodology for the analysis of follicular fluid oxygen solubility and diffusivity was developed using a Clark oxygen electrode. Analysis of these parameters showed that they are similar to human plasma, and allowed the predictive uncertainty of the model to be reduced. Experimental studies into the effects of IVF aspiration on follicular fluid were carried out. Aspiration results in significant changes in the properties of follicular fluid. Dissolved oxygen levels rose 5 * 2 vol%, pH increased by 0.04 * 0.01 pH units, and temperature dropped by 7.7 * 1.3 "C. Mathematical modelling of blood contaminated follicular fluid also showed that contamination results in significant changes in the dissolved oxygen of the fluid. This suggests that if the composition of follicular fluid is to be determined (particularly dissolved oxygen), sampling andlor measurement of fluid must take place before the collection vial of the aspiration kit, and blood contamination must be eliminated. Based on this result, the design and testing of devices capable of reliable sampling andlor rneasurement of oxygen levels of follicular fluid was considered. This presents a continuing challenge, including the integration of routine follicular fluid oxygen measurement into clinical practice.
115

Interactions entre le métaboréflexe et le chémoréflexe durant différentes modalités d'exercice

Houssiere, Anne 23 November 2007 (has links)
Le thème central de ce travail a consisté en l’étude et la mise en évidence des interactions existant entre le métaboréflexe et le chémoréflexe lors de l’exercice.<p><p>L’effort physique est associé à une augmentation de la ventilation, de la fréquence cardiaque ainsi que de la pression artérielle. Ces effets sont médiés au moins en partie par l’activation du métaboréflexe musculaire, et peuvent être amplifiés par le chémoréflexe ventilatoire. Le métaboréflexe et le chémoréflexe impliquent nécessairement une activation du système nerveux orthosympathique. La fonction du métaboréflexe est d’optimaliser le transport d’oxygène à destination des muscles participant à l’exercice, ce qui s’accompagne d’une vasoconstriction dans les autres territoires vasculaires. La fonction du chémoréflexe est de maintenir la capnie et d’apporter une correction ventilatoire à l’acidose métabolique et éventuellement à l’hypoxémie survenant au cours d’efforts effectués en résistance. Une sollicitation excessive du métaboréflexe et du chémoréflexe peut limiter l’aptitude à l’effort en amplifiant les sensations de dyspnée (augmentation des équivalents ventilatoires) et en limitant le transport d’oxygène (augmentation de la pression artérielle limitant le débit cardiaque). <p><p>L’étude des adaptations cardiovasculaires et ventilatoires ainsi celles du système nerveux sympathique en réponse à un exercice réalisé en hypoxie peut se révéler intéressante à plusieurs niveaux.<p>Une telle étude devrait permettre de mieux comprendre la limitation de l’aptitude à l’effort des sujets sains en altitude. En effet, depuis plusieurs décennies, l'entraînement en altitude est fréquemment utilisé par les athlètes d'endurance. Cette méthode de préparation physique, qui consiste à séjourner et s'entraîner plusieurs semaines à moyenne altitude (2000-2800m), vise à améliorer temporairement la performance aérobie lors du retour au niveau de la mer. Cette étude pourrait également présenter un intérêt pour les travailleurs en altitude mais également de manière générale à toutes les personnes effectuant des séjours en montagne.<p>Les métaborécepteurs et les chémorécepteurs contribuent directement aux ajustements cardio-vasculaires et ventilatoires durant un exercice statique réalisé en situation d’hypoxie<p><p>C’est pourquoi, dans une première étude, nous avons souhaité différencier précisément les actions respectives du métaboréflexe et du chémoréflexe lors d’un exercice en hypoxie chez une population de sujets jeunes et en bonne santé. Nous avons donc voulu vérifier l’hypothèse selon laquelle les métaborécepteurs joueraient un rôle important dans l’activation sympathique et l’élévation tensionnelle en réponse à un exercice isométrique en hypoxie. <p>Nous avons montré que durant l’effort en hypoxie, les métaborécepteurs et les chémorécepteurs interviennent de manière différente dans les réponses sympathiques, cardiovasculaires et ventilatoires.<p>L’activation du système nerveux sympathique en réponse à un exercice en hypoxie est principalement médiée par les métaborécepteurs.<p>Ces derniers jouent également un rôle prépondérant dans l’élévation tensionnelle. <p>L’élévation de la ventilation est médiée aussi bien par les métaborécepteurs que par les chémorécepteurs.<p>Par contre, les métaborécepteurs jouent un rôle mineur dans l’élévation de la fréquence cardiaque lors d’un exercice isométrique en hypoxie.<p><p>Lors d’une deuxième étude, nous nous sommes intéressés aux effets du vieillissement sur la contribution du métaboréflexe et du chémoréflexe, toujours durant un effort en hypoxie.<p>L’âge réduit la sensibilité du métaboréflexe. Par contre, l’âge n’affecte pas le chémoréflexe. Les effets de l’âge sur l’interaction des deux réflexes sont méconnus. Nous avons donc testé l’hypothèse selon laquelle l’effort isométrique en hypoxie (maximum de stimulation métaboréflexe) chez le sujet âgé s’accompagne d’une moindre activation sympathique, d’une moindre montée de la pression artérielle, et d’une réponse ventilatoire identique par rapport à celle observée chez le sujet jeune. <p>Nous avons observé une moindre activation sympathique en réponse à l’exercice aussi bien en normoxie qu’en hypoxie chez les sujets plus âgés, subsistant lors de l’arrêt local de la circulation, permettant d’isoler la contribution du métaboréflexe lors de l’exercice.<p>Nous en avons conclu que malgré le fait que l’âge réduise la sensibilité des métaborécepteurs, ceux-ci restent des déterminants majeurs de l’activation orthosympathique lors d’un effort réalisé en hypoxie chez les sujets plus âgés.<p><p>\ / Doctorat en Sciences de la motricité / info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished
116

Evaluation of xanthine oxidase inhibitory and antioxidant activities of compounds from natural sources.

January 2005 (has links)
Lam Rosanna Yen Yen. / Thesis submitted in: September 2004. / Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2005. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 142-154). / Abstracts in English and Chinese. / Abstract --- p.i / Chinese Abstract --- p.iii / Acknowledgements --- p.v / Table of Contents --- p.vi / List of Abbreviations --- p.xii / List of Figures --- p.xv / List of Tables --- p.xix / Chapter Chapter 1 --- Introduction --- p.1 / Chapter 1.1 --- Reactive oxygen species --- p.1 / Chapter 1.1.1 --- Intracellular sources of ROS --- p.1 / Chapter 1.1.2 --- Extracellular sources of ROS --- p.2 / Chapter 1.1.3 --- Superoxide anion radicals --- p.2 / Chapter 1.1.4 --- Hydrogen peroxide --- p.3 / Chapter 1.1.5 --- Hydroxyl radicals --- p.3 / Chapter 1.1.6 --- Singlet oxygen --- p.4 / Chapter 1.1.7 --- Peroxyl radicals and peroxides --- p.4 / Chapter 1.1.8 --- Damage of cellular structures by ROS --- p.5 / Chapter 1.2 --- Antioxidative defence in the body --- p.6 / Chapter 1.2.1 --- Antioxidant proteins --- p.6 / Chapter 1.2.2 --- Antioxidant enzymes --- p.6 / Chapter 1.2.3 --- Antioxidant compounds --- p.7 / Chapter 1.2.3.1 --- Vitamin E --- p.8 / Chapter 1.2.3.2 --- Vitamin C --- p.9 / Chapter 1.2.3.3 --- Glutathione --- p.9 / Chapter 1.2.3.4 --- Urate --- p.9 / Chapter 1.2.3.4.1 --- Purine metabolism --- p.10 / Chapter 1.2.3.4.2 --- Xanthine oxidase --- p.12 / Chapter 1.2.4 --- Oxidative stress and antioxidant defence mechanisms in RBC --- p.12 / Chapter 1.2.5 --- Oxidative stress and antioxidant defence mechanisms in LDL --- p.16 / Chapter 1.3 --- Human diseases originated from pro-oxidant conditions --- p.16 / Chapter 1.3.1 --- Atherosclerosis --- p.17 / Chapter 1.3.2 --- Ischemia /reperfusion injury --- p.17 / Chapter 1.3.3 --- Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency --- p.18 / Chapter 1.3.4 --- DNA mutation --- p.18 / Chapter 1.3.5 --- Other pro-oxidant state related diseases --- p.19 / Chapter 1.4 --- Hyperuricemia and gout: diseases originated from an extreme antioxidant condition --- p.19 / Chapter 1.4.1 --- Inhibition of XOD as a treatment method for hyperuricemia --- p.20 / Chapter 1.4.2 --- Relationship between ROS injury and hyperuricemia --- p.22 / Chapter 1.5 --- Antioxidants in human nutrition --- p.23 / Chapter 1.6 --- Chinese medicinal therapeutics --- p.23 / Chapter 1.6.1 --- Rhubarb --- p.25 / Chapter 1.6.2 --- Aloe --- p.26 / Chapter 1.6.3 --- Ginger --- p.27 / Chapter 1.6.4 --- Objectives of the project --- p.30 / Chapter 1.6.5 --- Strategies applied to achieve the objectives of the present project --- p.30 / Chapter Chapter 2 --- Materials and methods --- p.31 / Chapter 2.1 --- XOD inhibition assay --- p.31 / Chapter 2.1.1 --- Assay development --- p.31 / Chapter 2.1.2 --- Dose-dependent study --- p.32 / Chapter 2.1.3 --- Reversibility of the enzyme inhibition --- p.32 / Chapter 2.1.4 --- Lineweaver-Burk plots --- p.33 / Chapter 2.2 --- Lipid peroxidation inhibition assay of mouse liver microsomes --- p.34 / Chapter 2.2.1 --- Preparation of mouse liver microsomes --- p.34 / Chapter 2.2.2 --- Basis of assay --- p.34 / Chapter 2.2.3 --- Assay procedures --- p.35 / Chapter 2.3 --- AAPH-induced hemolysis inhibition assay --- p.36 / Chapter 2.3.1 --- Preparation of RBC --- p.36 / Chapter 2.3.2 --- Basis of assay --- p.36 / Chapter 2.3.3 --- Assay procedures --- p.37 / Chapter 2.4 --- Lipid peroxidation inhibition assay of RBC membrane --- p.38 / Chapter 2.4.1 --- Preparation of RBC membrane --- p.38 / Chapter 2.4.2 --- Basis of assay --- p.39 / Chapter 2.4.3 --- Assay procedures --- p.40 / Chapter 2.5 --- ATPase protection assay --- p.41 / Chapter 2.5.1 --- Preparation of RBC membrane --- p.41 / Chapter 2.5.2 --- Preparation of malachite green (MG) reagent --- p.41 / Chapter 2.5.3 --- Basis of assay --- p.41 / Chapter 2.5.4 --- Assay procedures --- p.42 / Chapter 2.5.5 --- Determination of ATPase activities --- p.43 / Chapter 2.5.6 --- Assay buffers --- p.43 / Chapter 2.6 --- Sulfhydryl group protection assay --- p.44 / Chapter 2.6.1 --- Preparation of RBC membrane --- p.44 / Chapter 2.6.2 --- Basis of assay --- p.45 / Chapter 2.6.3 --- Assay procedures --- p.45 / Chapter 2.7 --- Lipid peroxidation inhibition assay of LDL by the AAPH method --- p.46 / Chapter 2.7.1 --- Basis of assay --- p.46 / Chapter 2.7.2 --- Assay procedures --- p.46 / Chapter 2.8 --- Lipid peroxidation inhibition assay of LDL by the hemin method --- p.47 / Chapter 2.8.1 --- Basis of assay --- p.47 / Chapter 2.8.2 --- Assay procedures --- p.47 / Chapter 2.9 --- Protein assay --- p.48 / Chapter 2.10 --- Statistical analysis --- p.48 / Chapter 2.11 --- Test compounds --- p.48 / Chapter Chapter 3 --- Xanthine oxidase inhibition assay: results and discussion --- p.49 / Chapter 3.1 --- Introduction --- p.49 / Chapter 3.2 --- Results --- p.54 / Chapter 3.3 --- Discussion --- p.59 / Chapter Chapter 4 --- Lipid peroxidation inhibition in mouse liver microsomes: results and discussion --- p.64 / Chapter 4.1 --- Introduction --- p.64 / Chapter 4.2 --- Results --- p.64 / Chapter 4.3 --- Discussion --- p.69 / Chapter Chapter 5 --- Assays on protection of RBC from oxidative damage: results and discussion --- p.71 / Chapter 5.1 --- Introduction --- p.71 / Chapter 5.2 --- Results --- p.75 / Chapter 5.2.1 --- AAPH-induced hemolysis inhibition assay --- p.75 / Chapter 5.2.2 --- Lipid peroxidation inhibition assay of RBC membranes --- p.82 / Chapter 5.2.3 --- Ca2+-ATPase protection assay --- p.88 / Chapter 5.2.4 --- Na+/K+-ATPase protection assay --- p.95 / Chapter 5.2.5 --- Sulfhydryl group protection assay --- p.100 / Chapter 5.3 --- Discussion --- p.110 / Chapter 5.3.1 --- AAPH-induced hemolysis inhibition assay --- p.110 / Chapter 5.3.2 --- Lipid peroxidation inhibition assay of RBC membranes --- p.111 / Chapter 5.3.3 --- Ca2+-ATPase protection assay --- p.113 / Chapter 5.3.4 --- Na+/K+-ATPase protection assay --- p.114 / Chapter 5.3.5 --- Sulfhydryl group protection assay --- p.115 / Chapter 5.3.6 --- Chapter summary --- p.117 / Chapter Chapter 6 --- Lipid peroxidation inhibition assay of LDL: results and discussion --- p.118 / Chapter 6.1 --- Introduction --- p.118 / Chapter 6.2 --- Results --- p.118 / Chapter 6.3 --- Discussion --- p.134 / Chapter Chapter 7 --- General discussion --- p.137 / References --- p.142

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