The purpose of this investigation was to determine the reliability and validity of VO2max estimates from the ACSM submaximal cycle ergometer test compared to a maximal cycle ergometer test. Thirty healthy male and female subjects aged 21-54 volunteered for this study. Each subject performed a maximal cycle ergometer test and two ACSM submaximal cycle ergometer tests. At least 48 hours elapsed between the maximal test and the first submaximal test while at least 24 hours elapsed between the two submaximal tests. Heart rates were recorded from a radio telemetry monitor and from 15 second palpation of the radial artery. A trained technician performed all palpations and was blinded from the telemetry monitor during testing to eliminate any bias. Maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max) was estimated by extrapolatingrate for each submaximal trial. To determine inter-test radio telemetry monitor (MON), to an age predicted maximal heart reliability between submaximal trials, correlational analysis andt-test were performed. A correlation of r= .863 and r= .767 were found between the two trials for MON V02max and PALP VO2max respectively. Paired t-test revealed no significant difference (p< .01) between MON V02max 1 and MON VO2max 2 or between PALP V02max 1 and PALP VO2max 2. Although there were no significant differences between trials, the mean data was often not indicative of the individual data since there were 8 MON VO2max cases and 19 PALP VO2max cases where VO2max estimates varied by > 0.5 L/min. There were significant differences between all V02max estimates when compared to measured VO2max and mean percent error in estimates for MON VO2max and PALP VO2max were 25.7% and 33.8%, respectively. The mean error of MON VO2max 1 and MON VO2max 2 were .61 and .63 L/min, respectively. The mean error for PALP VO2max 1 and PALP VO2max 2 were somewhat higher at .90 and .73 L/min, respectively. The present data indicates that a large error is present in VO2max estimates between trials and between measured and estimated VO2max. Therefore, caution must be used when interpreting VO2max estimates from the ACSM submaximal cycle ergometer test. / School of Physical Education

The purpose of this study was to examine if measurements of submaximal blood lactate may improve the prediction of VO2max from submaximal exercise tests. Subjects (39 men & 21 women, age 20-44 yrs) completed a branching protocol on a cycle ergometer which consisted of 3 submaximal stages of 4 minutes each followed by a maximal effort. During the last minute of each stage heart rate (HR) was recorded from telemetry and a capillary blood sample was obtained from a finger puncture. Maximal power output was estimated from the extrapolation of the 3 submaximal HRs to age predicted HRmax and blood lactate concentration was measured using a Yellow Springs analyzer (Yellow Springs, OH). Data were analyzed using multiple regression procedures. Estimated maximal power output (238 ± 56 W) was significantly related to measured VOzmaX (p < 0.001, r2= .523). Mean values for ACSM estimated, ACSM-revised and measured VOz.X were not significantly different (3.170 vs. 3.140 vs. 3.260 L/min respectively), however the SEE % for the ACSM and ACSM revised estimated VOz,. were 13.4% and 12.1%, respectively. When the change in power output relative to the change in blood lactate concentrations (po/BL) from stage 1 to stage 2 and the estimated maximal power output from 3 submaximal heart rates were added as independent variables to the regression model with measured VO2,t as the dependent variable, po/BL was significantly correlated with VO X , accounting for 7.6% of the variance in VOz... In conclusion, only the relative change in power output to the relative change in blood lactate measure from stage 1 to _2 were significant in improving the estimation of VO2 during submaximal exercise tests using a branching protocol. Other blood lactate measures did not improve the estimation of VOA,. in this study. / School of Physical Education

Background: Normative values of VO2max have been developed or updated based on the estimated VO2max, but measured normative values of VO2max have not been developed yet. VO2max has been reported to relate to coronary heart disease (CHD) risk factors, yet most of the studies have used estimated VO2max to compare CHD risk factors. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to develop norms for VO2max from the Ball State University (BSU) Adult Physical Fitness Program cohort that represented percentiles based on the measured VO2max. In addition, this study evaluated the relationship between measured VO2max and six coronary heart disease (CHD) risk factors, which include Body Bass Index (BMI), high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), glucose, triglyceride (TG), total cholesterol (TC) and resting blood pressure (BP).Methods: Subjects were healthy men (N=1,867) and women (N=1,253), ranging in age from 19 to 75 years, who completed the standard BSU Adult Physical Fitness Program quiet and exercise testing sessions between 1971 and 2000, with the graded exercise testing (GXT) conducted with one of the following protocols including modified walking, running, Balke, Bruce, and BSU/Bruce ramp. To be included, subjects had to achieve respiratory exchange ratio (RER) >1.0 during their exercise test.Results: All subjects were classified into ten group determined by deciles of VO2max for each decade of age for males and females respectively. A linear regression showed that VO2max decreased 10.1% per decade (0.44 mi.kg'•min'•yr') for men and 9.7% per decade (0.32 ml•kg-l.min-l.yr') for women. There was no significant difference in the rate of agerelated decline in VO2max per decade between men and women or between deciles of VO2max. Also, the percent of subjects with an exercise history code >5 (regularly participate in exercise at least 3 days per week) was higher in the higher VO2max deciles. In addition, five positive CHD risk factors were inversely related to VO2max, and one negative CHD risk factor was directly related to VO2max. As expected, the higher CRF groups had a more favorable CHD risk factor profile. Also, the mean of VO2max decreased with the greater number of CHD risk factors.Conclusion: This study developed normative values of the VO2max based on measured VO2max. VO2max was significantly correlated to CHD risk factors. / School of Physical Education, Sport, and Exercise Science

Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Wollongong, 2004. / Typescript. This thesis is subject to a 12 month embargo (06/09/05 - 14/09/05) and may only be viewed and copied with the permission of the author. For further information please contact the Archivist. Includes bibliographical references: leaf 195-216.

Thesis (M.S.)--University of North Carolina Wilmington, 2008. / Title from PDF title page (viewed September 25, 2008) Includes bibliographical references (p. 46-54)

Thesis (Ph. D.)--Auburn University. / Abstract. Vita. Includes bibliographical references.

Thesis (M.A.(Human Movement Sciences))--University of Pretoria, 2000. / Summary in English and Afrikaans.

Habilitationsschrift-Göttingen. / Summary also in English. Bibliography: p. [49]-53.

Habilitationsschrift-Göttingen. / Summary also in English. Bibliography: p. [49]-53.

Thesis (Honors)--College of William and Mary, 2009. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 58-66). Also available via the World Wide Web.