The aim of this work is to examine the applicability of an algorithm for approximate frequency counting to act as an on-the-fly filter in the process of phrase table extraction in Statistical Machine Translation systems. Its implementation allows for the bulk of extracted phrase pairs to be much reduced with no significant loss to the ultimate quality of the phrase-based translation model as measured by the state-of-the-art evaluation measure BLEU. The result of this implementation is a fully working program, called eppex, capable of acting as an alternative to the existing tools for phrase table creation and filtration that are part of the open-source SMT system Moses. A substantial part of this work is devoted to the benchmarking of both the runtime performance and the quality of produced phrase tables achieved by the program when confronted with parallel training data comprised of 2 billions of words. Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org)

This thesis is focused on the linguistic and didactic interpretation of translation. Its objective is to introduce the reader to the issues of language-focused findings, which are reflected in translators' work and besides, to describe the situation of didactic contribution of translation in second language teaching. The work is divided ino two main parts. In the first one, there is translators' work and his competences being presented on the ground of chosen linguistic theories. These are further extended by a practical part of description and analysis of translation methods. The whole thesis is being closed by the second part which mediates the didactic point of view of the given issue. The basic overview facts of actual situation of the use of translation in modern language classes are summarized in here.

This thesis is focused on the linguistic and didactic interpretation of translation. Its objective is to introduce the reader to the issues of language-focused findings, which are reflected in translators' work and besides, to describe the situation of didactic contribution of translation in second language teaching. The work is divided ino two main parts. In the first one, there is translators' work and his competences being presented on the ground of chosen linguistic theories. These are further extended by a practical part of description and analysis of translation methods. The whole thesis is being closed by the second part which mediates the didactic point of view of the given issue. The basic overview facts of actual situation of the use of translation in modern language classes are summarized in here.

The topic of the thesis is the use of translation exercises in foreign language lessons (namely Spanish). The first part of the thesis deals with the development of foreign language teaching, the status of mother tongue (and translation) in foreign language teaching, positive cross-linguistic transfer and interference. Further, individual methods of foreign language teaching are analyzed. It is stated whether or not the translation exercises are used for each of the methods. In the second part, we find the definition and categorization of the translation and examples of the translation exercises. The last part is focused on stylistics (narrative techniques, writing genres and functional styles). The specifics of translation are listed and the translation exercises are suggested for each functional style.

The aim of this thesis is to examine the position of short stories among Czech translations of foreign fiction. The theoretical part deals with the terminology and definition of this genre and outlines its history in both Czech and French cultural contexts up until today. When discussing Czech short story collections, it contrasts translations with books by Czech authors. This is also mentioned in interviews with editors and publishers, which are included in the empirical part of the thesis together with a corpus of short story collections translated from English and French and published between 1990 and 2017. The corpus is accompanied by a commentary. The third part of the thesis is a translation case study. It consists in choosing a French short story collection and offering it for publication. This part includes a review assessment of the book and the translation of four short stories, accompanied, for the purpose of this thesis, by a translation analysis. The rest of the publishing process is described theoretically. Key words short story, short story collection, translation literature, contemporary literature, corpus, interviews, publishing process

1 Abstract This MA thesis discusses contemporary US literature in Czechoslovakia between 1948 and 1956 in order to see how the US was represented through the chosen American writers and their works. The first two chapters look at how the parallel canon was established, both from historical and theoretical perspective. The third chapter discusses Langston Hughes as the representative of American poetry. It shows how Hughes was used to draw attention to racial inequality in the US. Howard Fast as the superstar of the "Czechoslovak America" is the focus of the fourth chapter. The cases of both Fast and Hughes show that contemporary US authors published in Czechoslovakia at that time were chosen for the way they depicted the US racial and social inequality and the repression of political opposition, and identified themselves as members of the so called progressive America. Reading Hughes and Fast from the Eastern side of the Iron Curtain contributes to Czech scholarship on the 1950s and adds new perspectives to the contemporary reconsiderations of American leftist writers.

This thesis is focused on testing the so-called unique items hypothesis on Czech language data. Supposed Czech unique items were chosen from lexical units, word-formation phenomena, syntactic structures and language use phenomena. Their frequency in a comparable monolingual corpus of contemporary Czech was established and the differences in frequency were statistically tested. This quantitative research was accompanied by a qualitative probe into the English source texts from which sentences containing selected unique items were translated using an aligned parallel corpus of English-Czech translations. The results reveal a general tendency of unique items to be underrepresented in translated language and a variety of source- language phenomena that underlie unique items usage in the target language.

Mgr. Andrea Svobodová Komplexní studium Rukopisu dzikovského se zam ením na grafickou, jazykovou a textovou analýzu eské sbírky kázání A Comprehensive Study of The Dzikowian Manuscript Focusing on a Graphic, Language and Textual Analysis of the Czech Postil Abstract The thesis submits a comprehensive philological analysis of the Dzikowian Manuscript, an insufficiently explored late medieval manuscript containing two postils, de tempore in Latin and de sanctis in Old Czech. The thesis aims to specify the place of this work in the context of medieval preaching, to critically review the previous research and to find new paths of research in evaluating this work. It is divided into three chapters, their common topic being attribution of both the postils on the grounds of codicological, content, and especially language features. Special emphasis is put on description of non-standard language phenomena, their interpretation being a key factor for transcription rules (one of the main results achieved apart from precising probable dating and localisation is a complete transcription of the Old Czech postil). The phenomena described enrich the existing inventory of deviations from the standard language and call for relating to other sources traditionally categorised as dialectal and thus for elaborating diachronic...

Mgr. Ing. Maria Molchan Bohumil Hrabal v ruských překladech Богумил Грабал в русских переводах Bohumil Hrabal in Russian Translations Abstract The aim of this doctoral thesis is to analyze existing translations of Bohumil Hrabal's works into the Russian language, to create an adequate translation of Hrabal's novel Harlequin's Millions, to accompany it with an introspective commentary on the translation process, and to place it into the context of the current translational norm. The present work can be defined as an empirical-analytical study. The empirical part of the thesis consists of the first translation ever done of Harlequin's Millions into Russian preceded by a complex theoretical-analytical study. This study has a multilevel structure and includes translation criticism of Hrabal's works in Russian based on a special methodological framework, which was developed specifically for the purposes of our research. The study also covers the issue of translational norm, offers a review of secondary literature on Hrabal, and defines the author's role among other Czech writers on the Russian book market. The translation of Harlequin's Millions is followed by an extensive multilevel analysis of the novel's translation, including its correspondence with the existing translational norm in Czech-Russian...

The thesis focuses on culturally educating activities of Božena Šimková aimed at children and teenagers. Both her own literary and her translation work are analysed in the thesis and the situation of original and translation creation at the turn of the 19th and 20th centuries as well. Last part deals with translatological analyses of six representative extracts from her translation of Little women and tendencies drawn from this analysis are compared with some of her other translations. Key words: education, Czech literature for young adults, translated literature, genres, language, translation analysis