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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

The progress on mapping ubiquitin signaling using photocrosslinking mono and di-ubiquitin probes and other ubiquitin moieties

Braxton, Courtney N 01 January 2018 (has links)
Ubiquitin (Ub) is a small, 76 amino acid, and post-translational modification (PTM) protein in eukaryotes. Modification of a substrate protein via the covalent attachment of the C-terminal glycine of Ub to the ε-amino group of lysine residues in a substrate is termed ubiquitination. Unlike, other PTM proteins, Ub can form polyUb chains at one or more of its seven lysine residues. (K6, K11, K27, K29, K33, K48, and K68). The consequence of these different polymerization sites is altered biological response with different polyUb linkages conferring different fates to target proteins. Unfortunately, the study of these chains have been limited by the inability to generate homogeneous polyUbs chains linked at known lysine residues. Furthermore, a three step enzymatic cascade consisting of activating-enzymes (E1s), conjugating enzymes (E2s), and ligase enzymes (E3s) tightly controls this modification. In response, our laboratory has developed a system that creates polyUb chains through bacterial expression and "synthetic" building blocks. Now, the main questions are what do these chains interact with in the cell and how do these interactions mediate biological responses? In an attempt to answer these questions, this dissertation looks at different molecular techniques created to capture the transient interactions of monoUb and diUb probes with Ub substrates, such as, ubiquitin binding domains (UBDs) and conjugating E2 enzymes. One molecular technique focuses on the use of incorporating a genetically encoded, photo-crosslinker, p-Benzoyl-L-phenylalanine (pBpa) into diUb probes to capture their interaction with UBDs. This sets the foundation for understanding Ub’s cellular signaling recognition of UBDs. Another technique is creating diUb probes that contain lysine derivatives, Nε-L-Thiaprolyl-L-lysine (ThzK) or Nε-L-Cysteinyl-L-lysine (CysK), and can form a disulfide bonds with E2 enzymes to capture their complex, opening an opportunity to understand mechanistically the role E2 enzymes have with polyUb chain formation. Herein, these techniques are established to help unravel the complexity of Ub signaling.

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