In this thesis, the process involved in the precipitations and separations of the metal of Group II and Group III studied. Suggestions have also been offered whereby students can make an analysis without loosing metals in the initial precepitation.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T15:42:29Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 MirnaFF_TESE.pdf: 7322446 bytes, checksum: 0ef1d9562cc97f24609fa13f5580a92e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-04-29 / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient?fico e Tecnol?gico / Statistics of environmental protection agencies show that the soil has been contaminated with problems often resulting from leaks, spills and accidents during exploration, refining, transportation and storage oil operations and its derivatives. These, gasoline noteworthy, verified by releasing, to get in touch with the groundwater, the compounds BTEX (benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene and xylenes), substances which are central nervous system depressants and causing leukemia. Among the processes used in remediation of soil and groundwater contaminated with organic pollutants, we highlight those that use hydrogen peroxide because they are characterized by the rapid generation of chemical species of high oxidation power, especially the hydroxyl radical ( OH), superoxide (O2 -) and peridroxil (HO2 ), among other reactive species that are capable of transforming or decomposing organic chemicals. The pH has a strong effect on the chemistry of hydrogen peroxide because the formation of different radicals directly depends on the pH of the medium. In this work, the materials MCM-41 and Co-MCM-41 were synthesized and used in the reaction of BTEX removal in aqueous media using H2O2. These materials were synthesized by the hydrothermal method and the techniques used to characterize were: XRD, TG/DTG, adsorption/desorption N2, TEM and X-Ray Fluorescence. The catalytic tests were for 5 h of reaction were carried out in reactors of 20 mL, which was accompanied by the decomposition of hydrogen peroxide by molecular absorption spectrophotometry in the UV-Vis, in addition to removal of organic compounds BTEX was performed as gas chromatography with detection photoionization and flame ionization and by static headspace sampler. The characterizations proved that the materials were successfully synthesized. The catalytic tests showed satisfactory results, and the reactions containing BTEX + Co-MCM-41 + H2O2 at pH = 12.0 had the highest percentages of removal for the compounds studied / Dados estat?sticos das ag?ncias de prote??o ambiental demonstram que o solo tem sido contaminado frequentemente com problemas decorrentes de vazamentos, derrames e acidentes durante a explora??o, refino, transporte e opera??es de armazenamento do petr?leo e seus derivados. Destes, a gasolina merece destaque, verificado pela libera??o, ao entrar em contanto com a ?gua subterr?nea, dos compostos BTEX (benzeno, tolueno, etilbenzeno e xilenos), que s?o subst?ncias depressoras do sistema nervoso central e causadoras de leucemia. Dentre os processos utilizados em remedia??o de solos e ?guas contaminadas por poluentes org?nicos, destacam-se os que utilizam o per?xido de hidrog?nio por serem caracterizados pela r?pida gera??o de esp?cies qu?micas de alto poder de oxida??o, principalmente o radical hidroxil ( OH), super?xido (O2 -) e peridroxil (HO2 ), dentre outras esp?cies reativas que s?o capazes de transformar ou decompor produtos qu?micos org?nicos. O pH tem um forte efeito na qu?mica do per?xido de hidrog?nio, pois a forma??o dos diferentes radicais depende diretamente do pH do meio. Neste trabalho, os materiais MCM-41 e Co-MCM-41 foram sintetizados e utilizados na rea??o de remo??o dos BTEX em meio aquoso utilizando H2O2. Estes materiais foram sintetizados atrav?s do m?todo hidrot?rmico e as t?cnicas utilizadas na caracteriza??o foram: DRX, TG/DTG, adsor??o/dessor??o de N2, MET e Fluoresc?ncia de Raios-X. Os testes catal?ticos ocorreram durante 5 horas de rea??o e foram realizados em reatores de 20 mL, onde foi acompanhada a decomposi??o do per?xido de hidrog?nio por espectrofotometria de absor??o molecular na regi?o do UV-Vis, al?m da remo??o dos compostos org?nicos BTEX que foi realizada por cromatografia em fase gasosa com detec??o por fotoioniza??o e ioniza??o de chama e amostrador por headspace est?tico. As caracteriza??es comprovaram que os materiais foram sintetizados com sucesso. Os testes catal?ticos apresentaram resultados satisfat?rios, sendo que as rea??es contendo BTEX + Co- MCM-41 + H2O2 em pH = 12,0 apresentaram os maiores percentuais de remo??o para os compostos estudados