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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

Interconnect Thermal Management of High Power Packaged Electronic Architectures

Cook, Jason Todd 02 July 2004 (has links)
Packaged microelectronic technology provides an efficient means to connecting high performance chips to PCBs. As area array bump density increases, joule heating will play an important role in chip and interconnect reliability. Joule heating, in addition to chip heating can significantly reduce the clock speed and I/O while increasing noise, electromigration, and leakage power. Direct cooling of the solder bumps is a new innovative approach to removing heat from packaged high heat dissipating chips. This could be used in conjunction with top surface mounted thermal management devices to maximize heat removal. The solder bumps leave a small gap between the packaged chip and PCB, which can be utilized for incorporating a thermal management scheme. Since space is very limited, fans and conventional heat sinks are not practical solutions. Jet impingement presents a unique solution for cooling solder bumps. It has been shown that micro jets can effectively cool the top surface of laptop computer processors. They can also be used to cool the solder bumps and bottom of the chip. Micro jets are easily implemented into the PCB without compromising the electrical leads powering the chip. A prototype printed wiring board containing micro jets was built and a dummy plastic ball grid array packaged chip with a heating element embedded in it was attached on top. A mini compressor supplied the pressure and flow rates needed to push air through the micro jet holes. The pressure, flow rate, and temperatures were measured and analyzed. A numerical model was created based on the results of the experiments. Both the experiments and model show the effectiveness of interconnect cooling.
2

Determinants of packaged software discontinuance intentions: an empirical study of South African managers' perceptions

Formby, David Bruce 22 August 2014 (has links)
Thesis (M.Com. (Information Systems))--University of the Witwatersrand, Faculty of Commerce, Law and Management, School of Economic and Business Sciences, 2014. / Information systems discontinuance at the organisational level is an underrepresented research topic. However, it is an important problem in practice. The managerial decision to discontinue an existing information system by replacement, upgrade or abandonment requires extensive justification and evaluation. The timing of a system’s discontinuance is of strategic concern as the cost and impact of a packaged software application can be extensive. If the decision is made too early in the system’s life cycle, it can negatively affect the return on investment, but if the decision occurs too late, the system may become a liability to an organisation as it continues to consume resources in maintenance and support. A comprehensive framework is required that analyses the factors that determine discontinuance intentions of the decision makers within an organization. This study focuses on managerial perceptions of selected factors considered most important to discontinuance decisions. The study applies and extends the discontinuance framework proposed by Furneaux and Wade (2011) to develop a research model of the effects of these selected factors on organisational intentions to discontinue packaged software. Specifically, the research model hypothesizes the effects of ‘change’ forces that include the manager’s perceptions of system performance, system suitability and system supportability, as well as ‘inertia’ forces such as sunk cost, mimetic isomorphism and degree of the application’s integration into the enterprise architecture. The organisation’s ability to innovate, the age of the system and the presence of the initial sponsor are included as additional factors. To test the model, a survey methodology was employed to collect data from South African IT decision makers. The survey made use of a structured questionnaire instrument administered online. Useable data was collected from decision makers representing 103 organisations. Hypotheses were tested using regression and partial least squares structural modeling. Results showed that poor software performance, a lack of suitability and low levels of business and technical integration, were the strongest determinants of discontinuance intentions. The control effect of the software’s age relatively to the organisation’s portfolio of applications was proven to be significant in this research. This study has contributed by consolidating the effects of a number of factors drawn from the literature and developing an integrated framework of discontinuance. Results will help IT decision makers when considering a discontinuance decision by showing the relative effects of each factor and may be helpful to IT managers to determine the timing of the decision.
3

An Analysis of the Microbial Quality of Packaged Water in Four Sites in Latin America

Feeser, Karla 13 May 2016 (has links)
INTRODUCTION: Diarrheal disease contributes to an estimated 1.5 million deaths each year, including 760,000 deaths among children under the age of five. Of those, approximately 500,000 are attributable to inadequate drinking water. In areas where piped water is unsafe, unreliable or economically impossible, packaged water sold by private vendors can play an important role in meeting the water needs of these populations. As the activity and importance of packaged water vendors grow, more data is needed to assess the quality of water sold, and to inform policies that regulate the private water sector throughout the world. AIM: This pilot study seeks to identify factors that may contribute to the deterioration of packaged water quality. METHODS: Small packaged water enterprises (SWEs) operating in the following cities were visited twice between May 2014 and September 2015: La Paz, Bolivia; Tegucigalpa, Honduras; and Muisne and Tena, Ecuador. A brief survey was conducted with each distributor, and a facility tour was completed. Water samples were collected directly from the purification system and water packaged in both reusable and disposable containers were purchased. Samples were tested for total coliform and E. coli bacterial contamination on the day of collection and over the course of 28 days. Data was analyzed using descriptive statistics, including median as the measure of central tendency, and frequency where the main outcome was presence or absence of either total coliform bacteria or E. coli. To determine the factors that were most associated with water quality deterioration, logistic regression was performed. RESULTS: A total of 616 samples were collected. This study found that 52% of the packaged water examined was contaminated with total coliform bacteria. Raw, untreated water and treated water packaged in reusable containers were most likely to be contaminated with total coliform bacteria and E.coli compared to treated water taken directly from the system. There was no significant association between water treatment or bottle disinfection protocols and total coliform or E. coli contamination. DISCUSSION: The study succeeded in identifying at what stage and in what type of container water is most likely to be contaminated with bacterial water-quality indicators. Furthermore, it highlights the heterogeneity that exists in terms of types of water sold, water treatment systems, and sanitizing protocols among SWEs in Central and South America. Reusable containers are vulnerable to contamination with total coliform bacteria and E. coli, even when filled with clean water, thus the contamination may be due to inadequate disinfection between uses. These results may have implications for national or international policies that regulate private water enterprises, and can inform guidelines for packaged water distributors in particular. Further research is needed to identify optimal cleaning methods for reusable containers that are practical for use in lower resource settings.
4

Traveling of Requirements in the Development of Packaged Software: An Investigation of Work Design and Uncertainty

Gregory, Thomas 27 June 2014 (has links)
Software requirements, and how they are constructed, shared and translated across software organizations, express uncertainties that software developers need to address through appropriate structuring of the process and the organization at large. To gain new insights into this important phenomenon, we rely on theory of work design and the travelling metaphor to undertake an in-depth qualitative inquiry into recurrent development of packaged software for the utility industry. Using the particular context of software provider GridCo, we examine how requirements are constructed, shared, and translated as they travel across vertical and horizontal boundaries. In revealing insights into these practices, we contribute to theory by conceptualizing how requirements travel, not just locally, but across organizations and time, thereby uncovering new knowledge about the responses to requirement uncertainty in development of packaged software. We also contribute to theory by providing narrative accounts of in situ requirements processes and by revealing practical consequences of organization structure on managing uncertainty.
5

Upgrading Packaged Software: An Exploratory Study of Decisions, Impacts, and Coping Strategies from the Perspectives of Stakeholders

Khoo, Huoy Min 11 January 2006 (has links)
Packaged software is widely adopted and has become an integral part of most organizations’ IT portfolios. Once packaged software is adopted, upgrades to subsequent versions appear to be inevitable. To date, research on packaged software upgrade has not received the attention that it warrants, as academic research continues to focus on initial technology adoption. To explore this understudied yet important area, three research questions were proposed: (1) What influences the decision to upgrade packaged software? (2) How do stakeholders cope with software upgrade? (3) How does a packaged software upgrade affect stakeholders? A qualitative research method was used to study the research questions. Two cases were conducted at a Fortune 500 company located in the Southeastern region of United States. The first case studied Windows 2000 upgrades and the second case studied SAP 4.6C upgrade. A theoretical model with six components was induced from the study; the components are decision, motivating forces, contingency forces, planned strategies, corrective actions, and impacts. Upgrade decisions are the outcome of interaction between motivating forces that can originate from internal and external environments, and contingency forces. A decision to upgrade will lead to both positive and negative impacts as experienced by users and IT groups. However, stakeholders’ experiences differ according to the types of software and also their roles in the company. Two types of strategies were observed in the study: planned strategies and corrective actions. Planned strategies were used to tackle anticipated issues, and corrective actions were adopted to solve ad hoc problems when negative impacts arose. Both strategies can affect the final outcome of impacts. Finally, in the event a corrective action was used, there is a chance that it will become a permanent planned strategy.
6

The Effects of Package Design and Brand Image on Consumers¡¦ Purchase Intention ¡Ð Packaged Tea as an Example

Ko, Ding-fu 16 June 2009 (has links)
The latest data reveals, in 2008, the total market value of tea beverage in Taiwan exceeded 20 billion NT dollars. Because the tea beverage market is extremely large, there are dozens of brands in the market. When a customer wants to choose a product from kinds of choices, what factors does he/she consider? According to former research, we know that the factors include price, brand, package design, sales promotion and advertisement. However, we still didn¡¦t know how they affect consumers buying tea beverage. Consequently, this study researched that if both package design and brand image have notable influences on consumers¡¦ purchase intention for packaged tea by regression analysis. The major results for the research are as follows: 1.Approximate 90% of respondents usually buy packaged tea in convenient stores. Half of them indicate that their motivations of buying packaged tea are thirst-quenching. More than half of respondents buy Uni-president most frequently, and then is Vitalon. 2.This study uses two tea brands as subjects to test the hypothesis repeatedly. The results revealed that package design have notable influence on purchase intention. So, manufacturers should change the package design irregularly and try to analyze the merits and drawbacks to improve the package. 3.The results also revealed that brand image have notable influence on purchase intention. It represents that brand image play a significant role in a consumer¡¦s purchasing process. Manufacturers should pass through the basic threshold, or their products would not be acceptant by consumers.
7

Universalism and Its Discontents:  Konrad Wachsmann's 20th Century Architecture

Isbilen, Ezgi 28 June 2023 (has links)
In 1941, German architect Konrad Wachsmann (1901–1980) emigrated to the U.S. to escape the Second World War. Erstwhile a trained cabinetmaker, the chief architect of one of the largest prefabricated construction companies in Europe, and a private practitioner, Wachsmann brought a particular line of prefabricated timber construction knowledge to the U.S., which he utilized in the development of military technologies as well as for the development of an ambitious prefabricated kit-of-parts house known as the Packaged House (1941-47), developed in collaboration with Walter Gropius (1883–1969). Later, he transferred to academia and developed an algorithmic teaching system, which he employed in his teaching posts in the U.S. and his state-sponsored workshops around the world. With two novel architectural research institutes, which he supported with military and government commissions that became the subject of design inquiry at these programs, Wachsmann envisioned a transformation of architectural education within the university system and the larger order of society. Through Wachsmann's post-emigration oeuvre, covering his projects, collaborations, and pedagogy, this dissertation delves into the post-war transatlantic exchange of architectural and intellectual capital and the influence of production technologies and cybernetics on architectural imagination and theory. / Doctor of Philosophy / In 1941, German architect Konrad Wachsmann emigrated to the United States, seeking refuge from the turmoil of the Second World War. With a background as a trained cabinetmaker, the chief architect for a major European prefabricated timber construction company and an architect who practiced on his own, Wachsmann brought with him a wealth of knowledge in prefabricated timber construction. His expertise found diverse applications in the U.S., ranging from military technologies to the development of an ambitious prefabricated housing system called the Packaged House (1941-47), created in collaboration with renowned architect Walter Gropius. Transitioning to academia, Wachsmann pioneered an algorithmic teaching system that choreographed the movement of students, information, and tasks within the studio. He employed this system in in his teaching posts in the U.S. and his state-sponsored workshops around the world. He envisioned a transformation of architectural education within universities and society at large, exemplified by two innovative architectural research institutes he founded. These institutions were financially supported by military and government commissions, which became the subject of design exploration. This dissertation examines Wachsmann's post-emigration body of work, encompassing his projects, collaborations, and pedagogical approach. It delves into the profound influence of production technologies and cybernetics on architectural imagination and theory, shedding light on the dynamic transatlantic exchange that shaped the architectural landscape in the post-war era.
8

Gritos e sussurros: a interconsulta psicológica nas unidades de emergências médicas do Instituto Central do Hospital das Clínicas - FMUSP / Shouts and whispers: interconsultation psychological in the units of medical emergencies of the Central Institute of the Hospital of Clinics - FMUSP

Rossi, Luciane de 30 May 2008 (has links)
Situações críticas e emergenciais permeiam todos os setores do hospital, mas ocorrem prioritariamente no Pronto-Socorro e nas Unidades de Terapia Intensiva. Estes cenários são marcados por sofrimento físico e emocional intensos; limites de diversas ordens; imprevisibilidade; vivências de perdas e morte. Vivências que geram uma angústia que pode ultrapassa o limiar de contenção dos atores nesse cenário pacientes, familiares e equipe de saúde e implicam a necessidade de intervenção psicológica. A interconsulta psicológica é uma modalidade de intervenção que permite considerar a demanda institucional, que inclui a subjetividade nas relações da equipe, e a assistência psicológica aos pacientes e a seus familiares. O presente trabalho utilizou o método da pesquisa clínico-qualitativa para descrever o serviço de interconsulta psicológica nas unidades de emergências médicas do Instituto Central do Hospital das Clínicas FMUSP. São apresentados cinco relatos de interconsulta, a partir das intervenções junto aos pacientes e junto aos profissionais envolvidos no caso (médicos, auxiliares de enfermagem, enfermeiros e assistentes sociais). Os casos foram analisados por meio do referencial psicanalítico freudiano e evidenciaram que nas unidades de emergência existem urgências físicas e subjetivas, cujo impacto atinge o paciente, seus familiares e os profissionais que se relacionam com ele. A relação pacienteprofissional de saúde aparece repleta de conteúdos inconscientes e transferenciais A equipe vivencia sofrimentos psíquicos relacionados a identificações com o paciente e principalmente ao sentimento de impotência. Observa-se que esse sofrimento interfere na conduta do profissional e, conseqüentemente, na assistência que ele oferece. A intervenção da psicóloga interconsultora permitiu a explicitação de conflitos inconscientes e a intermediação das relações entre pacientes e equipe de saúde. / Critical situations and emergencies are present in all the areas of the hospital, however, they do occur at the emergency rooms and Intensive Care Units. The core traits of these pictures are physical and mental suffering, several ways of limitations, unpredictability as well as loss and death experiences. Such exposures engender anguish which can get out of control of the people involved in the situations patients, their families, hospital staff therefore psychological intervention is necessary. Psychological consultation-liaison is a way of intervention which takes into account the institutional demand, the subjectivity among the team relationships and the psychological assistance to the patients and their families. The present work makes use of a clinic-qualitative study describing the consultation-liaison psychology service in emergency medical units of the Central Institute of Hospital das Clínicas FMUSP. There are five reports described resulting from the intervention in patient and other staff members involved in the case (doctors, nurses, nurse assistants and social workers).The cases were analyzed through the Freudian frames of reference and showed that there are subjective and physical urgencies which impacts the patients, theirs families and the staff in contact with them. The relationship hospital staff-patient presents itself to be full of unconscious and transferential contents. The team experiences mental suffering which is related to their identification with the patient and, mainly, to their feeling of impotence. It was noticed that this suffering influences the professional behavior and consequently the assistance he will offer. The intervention made by the interconsulting psychologist enabled the disclosure of unconscious conflicts and the intermediation of the relationship between the hospital staff and the patients.
9

Characterization of Clostridium spp. from “blown-pack”, chill-stored, vacuum packaged beef

Ho, Linda Unknown Date
No description available.
10

Characterization of Clostridium spp. from “blown-pack”, chill-stored, vacuum packaged beef

Ho, Linda 11 1900 (has links)
The objectives of this study were to determine the microbial ecology of “blown-pack” fresh beef obtained from a federally inspected facility and to use biopreservation to prevent spoilage of vacuum packaged chilled beef. Organic acids and alcohols in the purge obtained from the “blown” beef packages were detected using HPLC. PCR analysis indicated that Clostridium spp. were present in the purge of the commercial sample. Biochemical tests, RFLP and 16S rDNA sequencing were used to identify organisms isolated from the meat. Out of 66 isolated strains, 26 isolates were strict anaerobes and RFLP indicated that all were clonal isolates. Based on sequence analysis, the isolate was identified as Clostridium putrefaciens. The isolate caused “blown-pack” spoilage and produced butyric and propionic acids when inoculated onto fresh meat and Carnobacterium maltaromaticum UAL307 prevented the production gas and obvious signs of spoilage. / Food Science and Technology

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