Thesis (M.M.) Florida State University, 2005. / Advisor: Jayne Standley, Florida State University, College of Music. Title and description from dissertation home page (viewed 5-14-2007). Document formatted into pages; contains 47 pages. Includes vita. Includes bibliographical references.

Thesis (M.S.)--West Virginia University, 2007. / Title from document title page. Document formatted into pages; contains vii, 105 p. : ill. Includes abstract. Includes bibliographical references (p. 51-63).

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:28:34Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2007-03Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T18:34:54Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 galera_srgp_me_guara.pdf: 622713 bytes, checksum: 6959d04bfe2820f5a6bd20506ba872ea (MD5) / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / O objetivo deste estudo é comparar o alinhamento postural estático por método quantitativo, de indivíduos sintomáticos e não sintomáticos de dor na coluna vertebral. É um estudo transversal do qual participaram sujeitos com cervicalgia, lombalgia e sem queixas dolorosas. O procedimento constituiu do preenchimento do protocolo de anamnese, colocação de marcadores em pontos anatômicos específicos e obtenção de fotografias em vista anterior, posterior, lateral direita e esquerda, segundo o protocolo do Software de Avaliação Postural (SAPO). O SAPO trata-se de um programa computacional com tutoriais científicos vinculado ao CNPq. A análise das fotografias digitalizadas foi por meio deste programa que expõe os resultados pelo relatório gerado no Excel. É um programa de acesso público, que disponibiliza recursos para a análise postural, de forma a medir os ângulos em graus e em centímetro as diferenças de comprimento dos membros inferiores. Os ângulos avaliados foram analisados em módulo e suas medidas foram submetidas à análise estatística pela comparação de médias entre os três grupos utilizando o teste de ANOVA e quando comparados dois a dois, utilizou o teste t de Student, com significância de 5%. Foram identificados valores quantitativos para as variáveis de análise postural para os segmentos da cabeça, tronco e membros inferiores, nas quatro vistas. Os desvios referentes às vistas anterior e lateral direita, apresentaram maior prevalência em termos de diferença estatística entre os sujeitos dos três grupos estudados, sendo que a diferença no comprimento dos membros inferiores só se mostrou significativamente diferente entre os grupos de sujeitos com lombalgia e sujeitos assintomáticos. / The objective of this study is to compare the postural alignment static for quantitative method, of symptomatic and not symptomatic individuals of pain in the vertebral column. It is a transversal study of which they had participated citizens with cervical pain, lombar pain and without painful complaints. The procedure it constituted to fill based on anamneses protocol, anatomic markers on specific points and photograph attainment in previous, posterior sight, lateral right and left, according to protocol of the Software of Postural Evaluation SAPO The SAPO is about a computational program with tutorial scientific tied with the CNPq. The analysis of scanned photographs was by means of this program that displays the results for the report generated in the Excel. It is a program of public access, that makes available resources for the postural analysis, of form to measure the angles in degrees and centimeter the differences of length of the inferior members. The evaluated angles had been analyzed in module and its measures had been submitted to the statistics analysis for the comparison of averages between the three groups using the test of ANOVA and when compared as couple, the T test of Student was used, with significance of 5%. Quantitative values for the 0 variable of postural analysis for the segments of the head, inferior trunk had been identified in the four sights. The referring shunting lines to the sights previous and lateral right, had presented greater prevalence in difference statistics terms enter the citizens of the three studied groups, being that the difference in the length of the inferior members if only showed significantly different in the groups of citizens with lombar pain and assymptomatic citizens.

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Reduction from a more to a less noxious stimulus intensity produces a disproportionate but transient decrease in perceived pain. Although the relationship between the central nervous system and this offset analgesia has come under investigation using brain imaging, whether offset analgesia is primarily mediated by central rather than peripheral mechanisms has not been established. Here we investigate this question in healthy volunteers using thermal stimuli while recording continuous pain ratings. We constructed a composite stimulus using one Peltier thermode to deliver a constant painful test stimulus while a separate thermode coincidentally delivered a shorter but more intense conditioning stimulus at a distinct location. Three spatial configurations were investigated all delivering stimulation to the ventral forearm either proximally or distally from one another on the same forearm or with thermodes on opposing forearms. We demonstrate a decrease in test stimulus pain levels following offset of an ipsilateral but not contralateral conditioning stimulus. This decrease is comparable in magnitude to that observed during a single thermode classic offset analgesia stimulation. The manifestation of analgesia in one sensory field following cessation of stimulation in a distinct sensory field shows antinociceptive adaptation of primary afferent neurons is unnecessary to produce offset analgesia, and demonstrates central mechanisms are sufficient to achieve temporal filtering of nociceptive information during stimulus offset. / 2017-08-01

Being excluded from one's group has been found to be a painful and distracting experience. The current study predicted that emotional pain mediated the path between information exclusion and cognitive performance. Attributions for information exclusion were also predicted to have differing effects on pain and performance. In this study, 206 undergraduate participants presented with one of five randomly assigned scenarios differing on attribution dimensions (intent, foreseeability, and control) were asked to imagine themselves in the situation. Participants then spent five minutes performing a journal exercise reflecting on the experience. An immediate measure of pain was taken to serve as a manipulation check, followed by a 15-item word association task. The word association task consisted of 5 easy and 10 difficult items. Participants then completed a 20-item measure of pain to be included in the mediation analysis. Finally, participants completed a 28-item measure of social anxiety. The manipulation check showed that pain levels differed significantly between the control and manipulation conditions. The initial pain experienced also differed along the intent and foreseeability dimensions. However, the group differences for pain had diminished before participants reached the final pain measure. Group scores for the word association task did not differ significantly. Thus, there was not support for the mediation model.

Pain is a physical experience that is often imbued with metaphorical significance. Understanding better how pain operates as a cultural signifier can reveal assumptions about the status of different bodies and subjects. Even though pain is a nearly universal phenomenon, there is currently a dearth of sustained inquiry into pain as a literary, physical, and social phenomenon. What critical analysis there is about pain often metaphorizes the experience and forgets the lived, material realities of pain. At the same time, pain is a factor in virtually all cultural and social interactions, influencing everything from medical care to community acceptance. Thus, uncovering the functions of pain is a necessity. This dissertation reads for the ways pain forges intercorporeal relationships between bodies through the process of co-suffering, offering a new way of looking at the grotesque body. Using examples from a broad range of science fiction texts, from popular non-fiction science writing to superhero comics to novels to television, this dissertation explores the various ways that normative and non-normative pain response is witnessed and perceived. Putting forth a theory of co-suffering as a form of attention to and embodied translation of pain language, this dissertation examines the various ways in which listening to the voice of pain creates intercorporeal kinship between bodies. Through this kinship, bodies become subjects and gain access to community. Ultimately, this dissertation shows that, while pain can foster such kinship, predictable and standard pain responses are necessary for creating co-suffering. Thus co-suffering can be emancipatory, as it helps marginalized bodies gain subjectivity, but it can also be a way for cultures to enforce rigid behaviors on subjects, as it requires that bodies conform to those standard pain responses.

This research was executed as three separate studies. Study 1 focused on the perception of pain and the semantic aspects of pain. Study 2 focused on the measurement of acute pain and mood states. Study 3 focused on the psychological treatment of cancer pain. In Study 1 a group of 66 Setswana-speaking adults were required to describe what they saw, what happened, and what would be the outcome with respect to three visually presented pain scenes using The Pain Apperception Test (PAT) A qualitative analysis of their responses shows that pain is experienced as an all encompassing experience affecting all aspects of their lives, such as the physical, emotional, social, and economic. This was found to be true, irrespective of gender and age with the exception of economic issues. A qualitative analysis of their responses to the Pain Eliciting Incidents Questionnaire (PEIQ) reveals that the Setswana pain descriptors are classifiable according to the three dimensions of pain namely, the sensory-discriminative, affective-motivational, and cognitive-evaluative. Sludy 2 applied the Profile of Mood States (POMS) preoperatively to a group of 58 female laparotomy (gynaecological) patients. These patients were also tested post-operatively with the Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) and the Wisconsin Brief Pain Questionnaire (WBPQ) as pain measures. The pain measures were taken at no medication and at the peak of medication. Factor analysis could not confirm the validity of the six POMS scales. These scales also did not show correlations with post-operative pain. Correlations between the pain measures showed acceptable reliability and validity of the VAS and the WBPQ. In Study 3 three groups of 15 cancer patients each, suffering from chronic pain, were treated over a period of two weeks with either cognitive behavioural therapy plus medication, reassurance therapy plus medication, or medication only. Comparison of before and after treatment pain measures showed that both cognitive behavioural therapy and reassurance therapy had a beneficial effect. Follow-up results three months later showed that the beneficial effect of reassurance therapy did not persist. Patients treated with cognitive behavioral therapy still showed the beneficial effects thereof. / Psychology / D. Litt. et Phil. (Psychology)

This thesis is concerned with the measurement and effects of pressure on the body as a result of military load carriage. High skin pressures are associated with impaired blood flow, brachial plexus disorders and user pain and discomfort. Load carriage research has largely overlooked this issue, mainly due to the lack of an appropriate methodology. The thesis consists of two parts. The aim of part I was to develop and validate a novel method of measuring on-body interface pressures underneath military load carriage equipment. The Tekscan system was used, which provides 954 individual sensing elements over a total sensing area of 238.5cm2. A number of small experiments were undertaken to establish appropriate calibration and measurement error. A five-point rating scale was developed, and included within the experimental procedure; to measure user discomfort at the shoulder area where was 'no discomfort' and 5 was 'unbearably uncomfortable'. Following a pilot study the method was shown to produce reliable data that was sensitive to differences in design of load carriage systems within a comparative experimental design.

The thesis deals with a definition of pain management issues, role of nurses working with patients in pain and, particularly, perception of pain of patients by nurses. The objective of the research was to identify and to study pain management procedures and, at the same time, to present how nurses perceive and experience the care of patients in pain. The empirical part of the thesis was performed through qualitative investigation using semi-structured interviews with nurses and patients. The respondents included 12 nurses and 8 patients. Based on results of the investigation covert participatory observation was selected as a complementary method. 6 nurses were observed while taking care of patients during a post-surgery period. Most frequently, nurses rate pain of patients by means of VAS (Visual Analogue Scale), however, they quite often assess the value subjectively. Nurses then record the found values regularly into the patient´s chart. Nurses would also appreciate more cooperation with physicians in order to increase efficiency of pain rating. Nurses are able to respond very well to patient´s verbalization of pain and they perceive differences in communication in such situations. The majority of nurses choose pro-active approach to pain alleviation. Nurses have the basic knowledge about non-pharmacological pain alleviation. Perception of pain by nurses is partly affected by length of their practice and by their own experience with pain. Nurses perceive negatively those situations when pain management interventions are not sufficiently effective, when they cannot contact physicians or when they cannot act based on their own discretion. In such situations nurses demonstrate signs of distress. This problem aggravates when nurses work with patients suffering from chronic pain. Nurses have only limited opportunities to improve their education in pain management and communication with patients in pain. Patients in pain mostly see the care provided by nurses positively but they have also provided numerous recommendations for the nurses. The empirical research has shown that nurses meet with patients in pain nearly every day while performing their nursing practice and that assessment of pain plays an important role in pain alleviation. In most cases the exposure of nurses to patients in pain causes their negative emotional experience, such as sadness or fear of complications. Their experience is affected by several factors. In general, the issues of pain perception by nurses in comparison with pain management techniques are often neglected. Nevertheless, from the viewpoint of mental stress, pain perception is an indisputable factor that deserves more detailed investigation.