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Many painted objects within ethnographic collections suffer from paint loss. In the past, assumptions have been made that this phenomenon was caused by a low binder concentration, although binder presence had not been investigated, confirmed or it's type identified. Simple laboratory methods which can detect the presence of binders on a painted object are outlined. They are based on tests developed for the medical industry and modified by the author for routine use in conservation. Methods presented outline procedures to identify three broad chemical groups of binders used in the manufacture of traditional Australian Aboriginal painted objects : 1. lipids (fats and/or oils) using Sudan Black B Bromination test and the Sigma GCI Triglyceride test; 2. proteins (egg and blood) using Sulphosalicylic Acid test, Sigma GCI Protein test and the GCI Heme test; 3. carbohydrates (honey and orchid juice) using the Sigma GCI Glucose test. Close comparison was found between the reported binders used on certain object types and those identified. Literature findings based on anthropological information on binders and pigments are summarised. They indicated that fat or oil binders have higher binder concentrations than originally expected. Rapid lipid binder deterioration has lead to their present matte appearance. Compared to protein and carbohydrate binders, used as a paint vehicle or facilitator and/or for symbolic representation (blood), where used on a range of ceremonial objects with no long term expectancy and therefore no requirement to adhere or bind the pigment. The concept of "effective" binder concentration as opposed to low binder concentration is discussed. Implications of these findings of binder presence are discussed and considerations for preservation and conservation treatments, which involve consolidation are outlined.

<p>Novels with love as a theme often deal with a passionate or forbidden love. In 1925 William Somerset Maugham wrote a different version of the typical love story we have read so many times. It tells a story about a married couple who never really shares the same love for each other. Maugham mentions that he was inspired by Dante when he wrote The Painted Veil. Indeed, he uses different sources of inspirations, such as poems from Shelley and Goldsmith. The aim of this essay is to investigate what these intertextual references bring to the novel and what their functions are. The method I use is looking at the different references used by Maugham and stating their purpose and significance to the novel. The result of my investigation illustrates how the use of Shelley’s theme of veiling signifies hiding, as well as not wanting to see the truth, while Goldsmith’s poem shows the true relationship between the married couple and how corrupted society is. Maugham also lets Dante’s Purgatorio demonstrate how Kitty, the wife, gets the chance to change her life for the better.</p>

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Urbanization is one of the major causes of the global biodiversity crisis with reptiles being particularly vulnerable, due to factors such as habitat loss and road mortality. Behaviour plays a crucial role in determining the success of urban animals, but behavioural responses to urbanization are rarely studied in reptiles. I studied the differences in aggression, boldness, and exploration in painted turtles (Chrysemys picta) living in urban and undisturbed areas. I hypothesized that aggression, boldness, and exploration would increase in urban painted turtles. I studied painted turtles from 24 sites across an urban to undisturbed gradient in Ottawa, Ontario, Canada over the summers of 2021 and 2022. I captured turtles with hoop nets and tested their behaviour in the field, and the repeatability of their behaviour in the laboratory. I found that urbanization had a statistically significant, positive effect on painted turtle aggression and boldness, and no effect on exploration. Overall, I determined that urbanization is affecting painted turtle behaviour, but further research is required to better understand the factors behind this.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Florida State University, 2004. / Advisor: Jack Freiberg, Florida State University, College of Visual Arts, Theatre, and Dance, Art History Dept. Title and description from dissertation home page (viewed Jan. 12, 2006). Document formatted into pages; contains vi, 245 pages. Includes bibliographical references.

The aim of this work is to describe the current technology of surface processing with a view to improve durability and aesthetic appearance. The work is described in detail features and coatings polymer materials applied, including curing process. In the practical part is a laboratory examination of the influence of sealing and hydrophobicizing additive properties of concrete and also will be tested concrete surface on the absorbency, grindability loss and color retention, slip resistance and resistance to CHRL.