Statistical graphics are often augmented by the use of color coding information contained in some variable. When this involves the shading of areas (and not only points or lines) - e.g., as in bar plots, pie charts, mosaic displays or heatmaps - it is important that the colors are perceptually based and do not introduce optical illusions or systematic bias. Here, we discuss how the perceptually-based Hue-Chroma-Luminance (HCL) color space can be used for deriving suitable color palettes for coding categorical data (qualitative palettes) and numerical variables (sequential and diverging palettes). / Series: Research Report Series / Department of Statistics and Mathematics

Statistical graphics are often augmented by the use of color coding information contained in some variable. When this involves the shading of areas (and not only points or lines) - e.g., as in bar plots, pie charts, mosaic displays or heatmaps - it is important that the colors are perceptually based and do not introduce optical illusions or systematic bias. Here, we discuss how the perceptually-based Hue-Chroma-Luminance (HCL) color space can be used for deriving suitable color palettes for coding categorical data (qualitative palettes) and numerical variables (sequential and diverging palettes). / Series: Research Report Series / Department of Statistics and Mathematics

Zugl.: Dortmund, Univ., Diss., 2007

Le fromage, comme tout produit frais, doit être conservé à basse température tout au long de la chaîne du froid. Une particularité des fromages à pâte molle (camembert, par exemple) est qu’ils dégagent un flux de chaleur important à cause de la respiration des microorganismes qui y sont présent. D’un point de vue thermique, suffisamment d’air froid doit entrer dans une palette de fromage pour évacuer la chaleur dégagée afin de maintenir une température stable dans le système. D’un point de vu aéraulique, l’échauffement du produit induit de la convection naturelle à l’intérieur de la palette. Plusieurs modes de convection sont donc présents : la convection forcée imposée par les ventilateurs de la chambre froide autour de la palette et la convection mixte, combinaison de convections forcée et naturelle, à l’intérieur de la palette. Ceci augmente par conséquent la complexité de l’écoulement d’air. Le régime de convection mixte apparait surtout à faible vitesse de ventilation ce qui est souvent le cas lors du stockage en chambre froide. De plus, le système est influencé par un grand nombre de paramètres : l’orientation de la palette, l’ajourage des cartons, la vitesse de soufflage, la puissance de chauffage…L’objectif de la thèse est d'apporter de nouvelles connaissances sur les écoulements d'air et les transferts thermiques au sein d'empilements de produits dégageant de la chaleur et faiblement ventilés. Ces connaissances visent également à répondre à des problématiques industrielles. Les acquis du projet doivent contribuer à améliorer la conception aéraulique des emballages et des modes de palettisation du fromage, qui à ce jour est réalisée de manière empirique. Il convient également de noter que la problématique scientifique abordée dans ce projet (interactions aérodynamiques et thermiques entre convection forcée et naturelle autour et au sein d'empilements d’objets) présente des applications dans d’autres domaines tels que le refroidissement des circuits électroniques.La thèse se compose de deux parties principales : Une étude expérimentale et une étape de modélisation. Dans l’approche expérimentale, une maquette de palette à l’échelle 1 a été conçue dans laquelle les produits ont été remplacés par des blocs de plâtre munis de résistances chauffantes afin de simuler le flux de chaleur dégagé par le produit. Les expérimentations ont été réalisées dans une cellule à température et vitesse d’air maitrisées pour deux vitesses amont : 0.31 et 0.73 m.s-1, trois puissances de chauffage : 0.05 W, 0.15 W et 0.30 W par produit (0.25kg) et deux orientations de la palette. L’utilisation d’un vélocimètre laser par effet Doppler (LDV) et d’un anémomètre à fil chaud ont permis de caractériser les écoulements (profils de vitesses, débit d’air dans les orifices) selon la vitesse amont et la puissance de chauffage. L’implantation de 200 thermocouples répartis dans l’ensemble du montage expérimental a par ailleurs permis d’obtenir les profils de température de l’air et des produits au sein de la palette selon ces mêmes paramètres.La partie modélisation a été réalisée selon deux approches: une simulation détaillée par mécanique des fluides numériques (CFD) avec un maillage de plusieurs millions de cellules et un modèle zonal (une vingtaine de zones) assimilant le système à un réseau hydraulique. Les deux modèles ont été validés grâce aux données expérimentales. L’approche CFD a permis d’obtenir des informations non accessibles à partir des mesures expérimentales ce qui a facilité la compréhension des phénomènes. L’approche zonale, de par sa simplicité d’utilisation et son faible temps de calcul est quant à elle plus adaptée pour une utilisation industrielle. / Cheese, like any fresh product, must be kept at a low temperature throughout the cold chain. A particularity of soft cheeses (Camembert, for example) is that they generate a significant amount of heat due to the respiration of the microorganisms. From a thermal point of view, cold air must flow within a cheese pallet to remove the heat released in order to achieve better production temperature control. From an airflow point of view, heat generated by the product induces natural convection inside the pallet. Several convection modes are therefore present: the forced convection imposed by the fans of the cold room around the pallet and the mixed convection, combination of forced and natural convection, inside the pallet. This therefore increases the complexity of the airflow. The mixed convection regime appears mainly at low fan speed which is often the case during storage. In addition, the system is influenced by many parameters: the orientation of the pallet, the opening area of the cartons, the blowing speed, the heat flux...The aim of the PhD is to provide inner knowledge on air flows and heat transfer within pallets of heat-generating products with low ventilation. This knowledge also aims to answer industrial problems. The PhD’s results should contribute to improve the design of vented cheese packaging and palletizing methods, which is currently done empirically. It should also be noted that the scientific topic addressed in this project related to aerodynamic and thermal interactions between forced and natural convection around and within the pallet has applications in other areas such as the cooling of electronic circuits.The PhD consists of two main parts: an experimental and a numerical study. In the experimental approach, a full scale pallet was built in which the products were replaced by plaster blocks inserted with heating resistance to simulate the heat flow generated by cheese. The experiments were carried out in a controlled temperature and air velocity room for two air inflow velocities: 0.31 and 0.73 m.s-1, three heat fluxes: 0.05 W, 0.15 W and 0.30 W per product (0.25 kg) and two orientations of the palette. The use of a laser Doppler velocimetry (LDV) and a hot-wire anemometer allowed characterizing airflows (velocity profiles, air flow rate in the vent holes) according to the air inflow velocity and the heat flux. The implementation of 200 thermocouples distributed throughout the experimental set-up also made it possible to obtain the temperature levels of the air and the products within the pallet according to these same parameters.The numerical study was performed by two approaches: a detailed model by computational fluid dynamics (CFD) with several millions of elements and a zonal model (about twenty zones) assimilating the system to a hydraulic network. Both models were validated using experimental data. The CFD gave complement information which is not accessible by the experimental measurements, which facilitated the understanding of the phenomena. The zonal approach, by its simplicity of use and its low computing time is more suitable for an industrial use.

Submitted by Filipe dos Santos (fsantos@pucsp.br) on 2016-09-22T18:33:15Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Lucas Correia Meneguette.pdf: 8825186 bytes, checksum: 5d3f05b00c1ad9016e743f5b16cf5bf7 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-09-22T18:33:15Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Lucas Correia Meneguette.pdf: 8825186 bytes, checksum: 5d3f05b00c1ad9016e743f5b16cf5bf7 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-04-15 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / Digital games are one of the main languages of digital culture. As audiovisual, hypermedia and interdisciplinary product, games involve the integration of several professionals in different areas. One of these areas is audio design, which brings together music productions, sound effects and voices in the creation of a sound environment for the game, in close relationship with the fictional universe, with visuality and game design. Although the audio field of study for games already meets a number of academic papers in the last decade, it is a territory still not tamed, especially with regard to the integration of audio within the creation of an aesthetic and functional identity to the game. In this sense, this thesis aims at proposing a conceptual framework that allows us to understand the formation of sonic identity in games, particularly the integration of sound with a “elemental tetrad” made up of aesthetics, mechanics, story and technology. Therefore, it was carried out an extensive bibliography research in various interdisciplinary fields, such as audio for games, sound for cinema, the theory of fictional worlds and the acoustic ecology. Thus, it was possible to reclaim existing concepts and suggest a number of new concepts which helped the aesthetic and functional analysis of individual cases of game sound, such as sound palette, sound profile, sound signature, cosmopoiesis and ludofunctional characterization / Os jogos digitais são uma das principais linguagens da cultura digital. Como produto audiovisual, hipermidiático e interdisciplinar, os jogos envolvem a integração de diversos profissionais, em diferentes áreas de atuação. Uma de suas áreas é o design de áudio, que reúne as produções de músicas, efeitos sonoros e vozes na criação de um universo sonoro para o jogo, em íntima relação com o universo ficcional, com a visualidade e com o game design. Embora o campo de estudos do áudio para jogos já reúna uma série de trabalhos acadêmicos na última década, trata-se de um território ainda pouco desbravado, sobretudo no que diz respeito à integração do áudio com a criação de uma identidade estética e funcional ao jogo. Nesse sentido, essa tese tem o objetivo de propor um arcabouço conceitual que permita compreender a formação de identidade sonora em jogos, particularmente pela integração da sonoridade com uma “tétrade elementar” formada por estética, mecânica, história e tecnologia. Para tanto, realizou-se ampla revisão bibliográfica em diferentes campos interdisciplinares, como o áudio para games, o som para o cinema, a teoria dos mundos ficcionais e a ecologia acústica. Com isso, foi possível reapropriar conceitos existentes, bem como sugerir uma série de novos conceitos que auxiliaram a análise estética e funcional de casos concretos da sonoridade de jogos, tais como paleta sonora, perfil sonoro, assinatura sonora, cosmopoiese e caracterização ludofuncional

O objetivo deste experimento foi determinar a sobrevivência de blastocistos Mus domesticus domesticus vitrificado em palhetas na presença de uma haste metálica .Blastocistos Mus domesticus domesticus coletados no quarto dia após a fecundação, foram avaliados morfologicamente e divididos aleatoriamente em três grupos. Os embriões do grupo controle foram transferidos para gotas de meio KSOM e cultivados in vitro por 48 horas. Os embriões selecionados para criopreservação foram expostos a uma solução crioprotetora constituída por PBSm + de 10% etileno-glicol + 10% propileno-glicol, para promover uma desidratação das células embrionárias. Após foram transferidos para a solução de vitrificação que continha 20% etilenoglicol + 20% propilenoglicol diluídos em PBSm, e mantidos durante 25 segundos, sendo imediatamente imersos em nitrogênio submetido à vácuo. As taxas de sobrevivência embrionária revelaram uma maior eficiência da técnica com a inserção da peça metálica (56,21% - 86/153) em relação ao método convencional (18,84% - 26/138). Concluímos assim que a presença da peça metálica em contato com a amostra propiciou maior taxa de sobrevivência dos embriões submetidos à vitrificação envasados em palhetas de 0,25 mL. / The aim of this experiment was determine the Mus domesticus domesticus blastocysts survival rates after vitrification in straws containing a metallic stick, that allows to increase the temperature changes among the nitrogen and the embryo sample. Day 4 Mus domesticus domesticus blastocysts were collected from superovulated donnors and after morphologically evaluation were randomly divided in three groups. The embryos select as control group were transferred to KSOM medium drops and in vitro cultured during 48 hours. The crioperservation selected embryos were first exposed to a cryoprotective solution (modified PBS + 10% ethylene-glycol and 10% propylene-glycol) to promote embryo cell dehydration and after exposed during 25 seconds to the vitrification solution composed by modified PBS + 20% ethylene-glycol and 20% propylene-glycol, and immediately plunged into slush liquid nitrogen. The embryo survival rate in group vitrified in the straws containing the metallic stick (56,21% - 86/153) was significantly different from the observed in the group loaded in original straws (18,84% - 26/138). In conclusion, the presence of the metallic stick in contact with the sample was efficient to enhance more suitable survival rates after vitrification of Mus domesticus domesticus blastocysts loaded in 0,25 mL straws.

O objetivo deste experimento foi determinar a sobrevivência de blastocistos Mus domesticus domesticus vitrificado em palhetas na presença de uma haste metálica .Blastocistos Mus domesticus domesticus coletados no quarto dia após a fecundação, foram avaliados morfologicamente e divididos aleatoriamente em três grupos. Os embriões do grupo controle foram transferidos para gotas de meio KSOM e cultivados in vitro por 48 horas. Os embriões selecionados para criopreservação foram expostos a uma solução crioprotetora constituída por PBSm + de 10% etileno-glicol + 10% propileno-glicol, para promover uma desidratação das células embrionárias. Após foram transferidos para a solução de vitrificação que continha 20% etilenoglicol + 20% propilenoglicol diluídos em PBSm, e mantidos durante 25 segundos, sendo imediatamente imersos em nitrogênio submetido à vácuo. As taxas de sobrevivência embrionária revelaram uma maior eficiência da técnica com a inserção da peça metálica (56,21% - 86/153) em relação ao método convencional (18,84% - 26/138). Concluímos assim que a presença da peça metálica em contato com a amostra propiciou maior taxa de sobrevivência dos embriões submetidos à vitrificação envasados em palhetas de 0,25 mL. / The aim of this experiment was determine the Mus domesticus domesticus blastocysts survival rates after vitrification in straws containing a metallic stick, that allows to increase the temperature changes among the nitrogen and the embryo sample. Day 4 Mus domesticus domesticus blastocysts were collected from superovulated donnors and after morphologically evaluation were randomly divided in three groups. The embryos select as control group were transferred to KSOM medium drops and in vitro cultured during 48 hours. The crioperservation selected embryos were first exposed to a cryoprotective solution (modified PBS + 10% ethylene-glycol and 10% propylene-glycol) to promote embryo cell dehydration and after exposed during 25 seconds to the vitrification solution composed by modified PBS + 20% ethylene-glycol and 20% propylene-glycol, and immediately plunged into slush liquid nitrogen. The embryo survival rate in group vitrified in the straws containing the metallic stick (56,21% - 86/153) was significantly different from the observed in the group loaded in original straws (18,84% - 26/138). In conclusion, the presence of the metallic stick in contact with the sample was efficient to enhance more suitable survival rates after vitrification of Mus domesticus domesticus blastocysts loaded in 0,25 mL straws.

O objetivo deste experimento foi determinar a sobrevivência de blastocistos Mus domesticus domesticus vitrificado em palhetas na presença de uma haste metálica .Blastocistos Mus domesticus domesticus coletados no quarto dia após a fecundação, foram avaliados morfologicamente e divididos aleatoriamente em três grupos. Os embriões do grupo controle foram transferidos para gotas de meio KSOM e cultivados in vitro por 48 horas. Os embriões selecionados para criopreservação foram expostos a uma solução crioprotetora constituída por PBSm + de 10% etileno-glicol + 10% propileno-glicol, para promover uma desidratação das células embrionárias. Após foram transferidos para a solução de vitrificação que continha 20% etilenoglicol + 20% propilenoglicol diluídos em PBSm, e mantidos durante 25 segundos, sendo imediatamente imersos em nitrogênio submetido à vácuo. As taxas de sobrevivência embrionária revelaram uma maior eficiência da técnica com a inserção da peça metálica (56,21% - 86/153) em relação ao método convencional (18,84% - 26/138). Concluímos assim que a presença da peça metálica em contato com a amostra propiciou maior taxa de sobrevivência dos embriões submetidos à vitrificação envasados em palhetas de 0,25 mL. / The aim of this experiment was determine the Mus domesticus domesticus blastocysts survival rates after vitrification in straws containing a metallic stick, that allows to increase the temperature changes among the nitrogen and the embryo sample. Day 4 Mus domesticus domesticus blastocysts were collected from superovulated donnors and after morphologically evaluation were randomly divided in three groups. The embryos select as control group were transferred to KSOM medium drops and in vitro cultured during 48 hours. The crioperservation selected embryos were first exposed to a cryoprotective solution (modified PBS + 10% ethylene-glycol and 10% propylene-glycol) to promote embryo cell dehydration and after exposed during 25 seconds to the vitrification solution composed by modified PBS + 20% ethylene-glycol and 20% propylene-glycol, and immediately plunged into slush liquid nitrogen. The embryo survival rate in group vitrified in the straws containing the metallic stick (56,21% - 86/153) was significantly different from the observed in the group loaded in original straws (18,84% - 26/138). In conclusion, the presence of the metallic stick in contact with the sample was efficient to enhance more suitable survival rates after vitrification of Mus domesticus domesticus blastocysts loaded in 0,25 mL straws.

Participants will be able to: Explain the concept and advantages of the Family- and- Child-Centered Care (FCCC) approach. Describe the components of the FCCC as applied to individuals with CLP and their families. Explain the EB strategies of FCCC be applied by the SLP and its positive effects.

Aby bylo možné charakterizovat atmosfericky citlivé vzorky ve vysokofrekvenčním elektronovém paramagnetickém rezonančním spektrometru (z angl. high-frequency electron paramagnetic resonance spectrometer, HF-EPR), je potřebné mít vakuový transportní systém. Cílem této práce je navrhnout a vyvinout tento vakuový přepravní systém, který umožní tuto přepravu. Vakuový systém, který se skládá z mobilního vakuového kufru, držáku palety a přechodové komory, byly navrženy, sestaveny a testovány. Bylo dosaženo tlaku 4,3 10^{-10}mbar, což zajistí inertní podmínky pro transport vzorků. Byl proveden transport vzorku ze systému ultravysokého vakua (UHV) do HF-EPR spektrometru. Kontaminace testovacích vzorků byla charakterizována pomocí rentgenové fotoelektronové spektroskopie. Bylo zjištěno, že nedochází téměř k žádné detekovatelné kontaminaci, pokud je vzorek přepravován pomocí vakuovém systému méně než 16 hodin. Bylo navrženo rozšíření pro přepravu vzorků z rukavicového boxu a paletky pro grafen, ale jejich výroba dosud nebyla provedena. Vyvinutý vakuový systém je plně funkční a poskytuje alternativu ke komerčně dostupným produktům, a proto bude dále používán při zkoumání vzorků citlivých na atmosféru v laboratořích CEITEC Nano.