Legal aspects of alternative fuels' use in transport Abstract What connects solar energy, palm oil and the construction of the Nord Stream 2 gas pipeline? All these topics have one common denominator, i.e. alternative fuels. This group of fuels, which is represented by electricity, hydrogen or biomethane, has the ambition to replace fossil fuels and reduce the negative environmental effects of the sectors of the economy where fossil fuels are used - in transport and energy. This thesis focuses on the transport sector and pursues two lines. The first part of the text examines, by using the example of biofuels, natural gas and electricity, whether and to what extent alternative fuels fulfill the purpose of the alternative in relation to oil-based fuels. The principle of energy security and the principle of sustainable development in its environmental and economic aspects are used as a benchmark. In the second part, this thesis pays attention to legal instruments that determine the future of alternative fuels. Specifically, emission limits for passenger cars and light-duty vehicles and financial support for alternative fuels at all stages of their life cycle are analyzed. The purpose of this work is to capture the momentum of the ongoing legislative development in the field of alternative fuels, to try to...

This thesis deals with construction of higher output tractors. The theoretic part is di-vided into three main parts. The first part of this thesis is about emissions of internal combustion engine and element of construction as are compression ignition engine and Common rail fuel injection. The second part is about constructions of undercarriage primarily about front axle of tractor. The last part deals with tractor hydraulic system and its control systems. The practical part of this thesis is about John Deere 8320 R. All measurements have been provided in agriculture operations with machines of Köckerling and Lemken in Zeas Polešovice a. s. The field measurements are divided into two parts of engine work. In the first part of work, the engine has the revolution 1500-1800 min-1, in the second part of work, the engine has the revolution 1800-2100 min-1. Fuel Consumption, total time, revolution, time for rotation, width and depth of the harrow were included. The measured values were calculated effective fuel consumption, opera-tional consumption, efficient performance, operational efficiency and working speed trains.

With the continuous development of the technology leads to an increase in working engagement of the tool and the tractor weight. Heavy machinery and then crossing over land causing negative compaction, resulting in loss of production, poor water retention, nutrient air. These factors result in reduced monetary values of produced crops. Plowing is one of the most energy and resource intensive operations, while at present it is still used. One of austerity machine is equipped with a central tire inflation system, thereby reducing the fuel efficiency per hectare sets increase, reducing slippage, time required for the operator as well as to reduce soil compaction.Theoretical part discusses conventional tillage where part split the plows, describes linkage control systems a central tire inflation tire design solutions.The practical part is focused on monitoring the impact of the inflation pressure of the tires of tractors that affect the result output parameters Plow kit. Among the factors affecting the economic cost operations include correctly chosen tires which allows to work at such a reduced air pressure, then the correctly chosen adjustment of the plow set of tractors. In the field measurements were determined fuel consumption, performance sets, volumetric efficiency, volumetric fuel consumption for wheel slip of the tractor the plow 1170 Case CVX coupling plow verified. As found by lowering the tire pressure decreased fuel consumption, fuel consumption slippage displacement, as well as increased performance kit volumetric efficiency.

This diploma thesis deals with storing the spent nuclear fuel and reviewing its safety. The theoretical part analyzes the processes taking place while the fuel is being used, such as fission, isotopic changes, fission gas release, cracking, swelling and densification of fuel pellet. The thesis is also focused on handling the spent fuel and on the way it makes from the reactor, through the spent fuel pool, the transportation, various kinds of storing, till the reprocessing and final deep geological repository. Furthermore, this part of the thesis briefly discusses computing code MCNP, its main characteristics, input files and using. The practical part of the work is focused on creating the model of the spent fuel pool located next to the nuclear reactor WWER 440/V213. This type was chosen, because it is the most used type of nuclear reactor in Czech Republic and Slovakia. With the help of the code MCNP, the multiplication factor of the main configurations of the fuel in the pool was calculated, and then the required safety regulations to ensure sufficient subcriticality, so its safety, were checked. Next, several analysis were performed using this model. These analyses were concerning the temperature of coolant, fuel and the use of various nuclear data libraries. In the future this model can be used to realize new analyses with new kinds of fuels, materials and data libraries.

A quarter of CO2 emissions in the European Union currently comes from transport, which causes a significant deterioration of air quality. Therefore, it contributes to the deterioration of the health of people living in these areas. The number of cars on the roads continues to increase globally, and with them the increase in CO2 emissions. Alternative fuel in various forms began appearing on the market. Electric cars, with their emission-free operation, are trying to find their place here. Their wider use, especially in densely populated cities, could help people to a cleaner environment. Currently, there are some technical and economic problems with a wider introduction of electric vehicles. Technology and an associated high cost of storage of the necessary power are the main challenges. Nonetheless, experts believe that electric cars have future. Each country approaches the development of electromobility in a different manner.

This thesis has been prepared on the topic Technical - economic parameters of vehicles using natural gas. The theoretical part of the thesis deals with the various types of alternative fuels in the technical, economic and environmental factors. The practical part is devoted to the measurement of performance and emission parameters of the engine.

Due to the shortage of oil and the current environmental pollution problems, there is a growing need for alternative energy sources. Compressed or liquefied natural gas is shown as a prospective fuel. For LNG, consumption of 100 million Nm3/year is predicted by 2030. This work aims to prepare a pre-feasibility study for the production of LNG in the Czech Republic, which would be able to cover this predicted demand. The economic concept of the chemistry-engineering approach provides comprehensive information about the topic. The results show that the planned plant will unfortunately not be profitable, as compared to the current LNG price imported to European seaports, the price of the produced product in the factory considered would be roughly twice as high.

This master's thesis aims to assess energy dependency on primary energy sources of the three main economic actors in the contemporary world scene that includes the European Union, the United States and China. Energy geopolitics gets a new face nowadays, turns upside down and the centers of world economy must face all these changes. Disparity in availability of energy sources and consumption, new drilling and manufacturing technologies, methods of extractions, new players and adopted energy policies as well as limited domestic supplies have a significant impact on the structure of the energy mix and energy (un)self-sufficiency. In the first part, the author deals with engineering and deployment of observed energy sources as well as the definition of energy dependency respectively energy security. In the next chapters, the author focuses especially on three economic centers while analyzing the nature, characteristics and trend of their production and consumption of energy as well as energy raw materials flow to these countries respectively to integrations. At the end, the author obtains by these analyses an image of energy dependency or vulnerability of these economies.

The field of this diploma thesis is characteristic of cement used in road infrastructure building. In cooperation with the cement plant Horné Srnie, was made previously produced road cement matrix, according to the original recipe. This Diploma thesis is focused on the following characteristics of the cement: the compressive strength, the stiffening process, the volume stability and the development of the hydration heat. The research of the hydration process was analyzed by X-ray diffraction and differential thermal analysis

Master’s thesis deals with comparsion and rating the compressed natural gas as an aircraft piston engine fuel. An information search of conventional fuels and differences of the fuel systems for AVGAS and CNG is included. Next part describes the aircraft and its engine on which is the mathematic model based. After that perfomance and consumption data are calculated for both fuels and the results are then compared. At the end of the thesis, a design of the CNG fuel system with components selection is described.