<p>Teza se bavi religijskom istorijom rimske provincije Druge Panonije (Pannonia Secunda), formirane administrativnim reformama cara Dioklecijana (284-305) na prostoru jugoistočnog dela nekada&scaron;nje provincije Donje Panonije (Pannonia Inferior). Hronolo&scaron;ki tema je ograničena na 4. vek s obzirom da u to vreme dolazi do krupnih i dalekosežnih promena u religijskoj politici Rimskog carstva. Ovo je period tranzicije između stare helensko-rimske religioznosti i hri&scaron;ćanstva u razvoju. U toku jednog veka učinjen je prelaz od progonjenog hri&scaron;ćanstva kao religio illicita iz vremena prve tetrarhije (293-305) do potpuno afirmisanog hri&scaron;ćanstva kao jedine legitimne državne religije (381).<br />Druga Panonija je tokom 4. veka postala caput Illyrici ne samo kao administrativni i politički centar novoformirane teritorijalne prefekture Ilirik, već i u crkvenom pogledu sedi&scaron;te Sirmijske mitropolije. Podizanje vojno-političkog značaja ove provincije, donelo je rimskoj koloniji Sirmiju rang carskog grada u kome su zbog nestabilnosti donjedunavskog limesa često boravili carevi i dvor. Shodno tome, Sirmij je u progonima hri&scaron;ćana tetrarhijskog perioda zabeležio najveći broj mučenika u odnosu na ostatak Ilirika. Zapisi o stradanju sirmijskog episkopa Irineja, njegovog đakona Dimitrija, cibalskog lektora Poliona, sirmijske građanke Anastazije i ba&scaron;tovana Sinerota i drugi udarilo je temelj martirolo&scaron;koj književnosti Ilirika i dalo osnov za poznavanje organizacije i života prvih hri&scaron;ćanskih zajednica u Drugoj Panoniji. Prvi deo teze proučava ovu bogatu literarnu tradiciju, podrvrgava je istorijskoj kritici i nadopunjuje podacima arheolo&scaron;kih izvora vezanih za kultove mučenika Druge Panonije.<br />Posle legalizacije hri&scaron;ćanstva i zahvaljujući stalnom prisustvu carske administracije i dvora, Sirmij je za celo područje Ilirika postao glavno crkveno sedi&scaron;te, u kome su se u periodu od 349. do 378. održali crkveni sabori i donete formule vere od velikog značaja za op&scaron;ti tok istorije hri&scaron;ćanstva.&nbsp; Tako je značajan segment teze posveće ulozi Druge Panonije u hristolo&scaron;kim raspravama od Nikejskog do Akvilejskog sabora (325-381), analizi sirmijskih sabora i formula vere, ulozi mursanskog episkopa Valensa u crkvenoj politici homojskih pristalica, učenju sirmijskog episkopa Fotina i teolo&scaron;koj poziciji Germinija Sirmijskog.<br />Hronolo&scaron;ki poslednja tema disertacije jeste period konsolidacije nikejskog pokreta na Akvilejskom saboru (381), na kom sirmijski episkop Anemije bio aktivni učesnik i &scaron;tićenik moćnog Ambrozija Milanskog. Verska konsolidacija Druge Panonije i njeno pristajanje uz trinitarnu teologiju, odigrala se u periodu političke i kulturne dezintegracijom prouzrokovane ubrzanim padom donjedunavskog limesa i varvarizacije panonskih provincija.&nbsp;&nbsp;<br />S obziroma na značajne rezultate arheologije u proteklih pet decenija, autor je na osnovu materijalne ekspresije religije stanovnika Druge Panonije prikazao odlike načina sahranjivanja i formiranje verske topografije najznačajnijih lokaliteta. Autor je sakupio i obradio neobjavljenu rukopisnu građu relevantnu za martirologiju Druge Panonije, kao i neke neobjavljene ranohri&scaron;ćanske natpise sa ovog područja, koji pomažu u rekonstrukciji religijskog života stanovnika Druge Panonije u 4. veku.<br />Cilj teze bio je sveobuhvatno interdisciplinarno istraživanje ključnog perioda religijske istorije Druge Panonije, praćeno sintezom danas dostupnih izvora, kao polazne tačke svih daljih istraživanja.</p> / <p>The thesis deals with religious history of Roman province Pannonia Secunda, formed in the southeastern part of the former province Pannonia Inferior within the administrative reforms of emperor Diocletian (284-305). The subject is chronologically limited to the 4th century in light of the fact that this period saw fundamental and far-reaching changes in the religious policy of the Late Roman Empire. It is a period of transition from the old Hellenic-Roman religion to freshly institutionalised Christianity. This century witnessed a paradoxical leap from the persecuted Christanity as religio illicita to the fully accepted Christianity as the only legitimate religion.<br />In the 4th century Pannonia Secunda became caput Illyrici not only of the newly-established prefecture Illyricum, but as the religious capital within the Metropolis of Sirmium. The increase of military and political importance of the province brought the Roman colony Sirmium a rank of imperial city, in which due to instability of the Lower Danube limes Roman emperors often dwelt. Consequently, Sirmium listed the greatest number of martyrs in comparison to the rest of Illyricum during the tetrarchic persecutions. Records of martyrdoms of Sirmian bishop Irenaeus, his deacon Demetrius, lector Pollio from Cibalae, Sirmian citizen Anastasia, gardener Syneros and many others became the core of the martyrological and hagiographical literature of Illyricum as well as the foundation for the study of Christian communities in Pannonia Secunda. First segment of the thesis studies this rich literary tradition, subjects it to historical criticism and corroborates it with archaeological evidence coming from the cult of these martyrs.<br />After legalization of Christianity, Sirmium became the main ecclesiastical see, which housed several church council from 349 to 378. These councils brought creeds that influenced Christological disputes in the entire state.&nbsp; Thus a significant segment of the thesis is concerned with the role of Pannonia Secunda in the Christological disputes from the Nicene council to the Council of Aquileia (325-381), analyzing Sirmian councils and formulas, the role of Valens of Mursa in homoian party, theology of Photinus of Sirmium and theological position of Germinius of Sirmium.<br />Chronologically the last theme is the period of Nicenian consolidation in the Council of Constantinople and the Council of Aquileia (381), where Sirmian bishop Anemius was active participant and a prot&eacute;g&eacute;e of the mighty Ambrose of Milan. However, this religious change in the religious affiliation of Pannonia Secunda&#39;s clergy and adherence to trinitarian theology, coincided with political and cultural disintegration of the province due to the collapse of the northern frontier and permanent barbarian settlement within its borders.&nbsp;&nbsp;<br />In view of significant archeological discoveries within the last five decades, the author dedicated a chapter to the material expression of religion of the Pannonia Secunda&rsquo;s population through forms of burial and cult architecture. The author also collected and analysed unpublished manuscripts relevant to reconstruction of Pannonian martyrology, along with some unpublished epigraphic material which bring beter understanding of religious life of the 4th century Pannonia Secunda.<br />The aim of the thesis was a comprehensive interdisciplinary study of the key period in the religious history of Pannonia Secunda accompanied with a synthesis of most significant sources as the basis for all future research.</p>

In this thesis, we examined villae rusticae in the provinces of Dalmatia and Pannonia. The initial chapters focused on ethnicity of indigenous people of the region, the course of the Greek colonization and the establishment of colonies, the history of the numerous military conflicts with the Romans and the final establishing of new provinces. We describe comprehensively the history of the province of Dalmatia and Pannonia province during the four centuries of Roman domination and their further development in late antiquity until the 7th century. The body of thesis is a catalog of selected localities with thorough descriptions of individual buildings villae rusticae. In addition, we paid special attention to the history of their research, architecture and architectural elements, interior and exterior decoration, chronology (1st - 4th century), regional location and agriculture. Keywords villae rusticae, Dalmatia, Pannonia, 1st - 4th century, agriculture, decoration

What should a catalogue of archaeological material contain? This book is a comprehensive index of 210 lamps from the Roman fort at Gerulata and its adjoining civilian settlement. The lighting devices were excavated during the last 50 years from the houses, cemeteries, barracks and fortifications of this Roman outpost on the Danube Limes and span almost three centuries from AD 80 to AD 350. For the first time, they are published in full and in color with detailed analysis of lamp types, workshop marks and discus scenes. The first chapter describes the history of Roman Pannonia and the archaeological record of Gerulata. Three successive catalogues - of the lamps, of the stamps, and of the iconography - illustrate the material thoroughly. An inquiry into the lamps' function as grave goods is presented, followed by four studies focused on the statistical analysis of types, the organization of the lamp industry, signs of personal ownership, and the cultural significance of lamplight in a provincial milieu, respectively. Together, they paint a picture of a community on the edge of the Empire and its use of artificial light in both life and death. Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org)

This catalogue documents Roman lamps from the cemeteries of Gerulata (modern-day Rusovce). It consists of 16 Bildlapmen, 89 Firmalampen, and one special shape. These lamps were found mainly in two large cemeteries, in both cremation and inhumation graves, dated from the last decades of the 1 st century AD to the dawn of the 3rd century. Of the Bildlampen, several lamps with angular voluted nozzles (Loeschcke type I) and one fragment of a circular lamp with a rounded nozzle (Loeschcke type VIII) are represented. Of the Firmalampen, both Loeschcke types IX and X are found, type X and its variations being the most numerous (67 lamps). The iconography of relief decorations shows a range of mythological and profane images. Twenty different makers' stamps in relief are found, two without parallels, with Fortis as most common. The production, transport and copying of Firmalampen is described; resulting endeavors to locate their point of origin are determined to be often unreliable without chemical analysis. Both the relationship of lamps to other grave goods as well as their purpose in graves are assessed; lamps are found to have been an available luxury, as appropriate in a Romanized society. Most lamps had worn bases, and some had blackened wickholes; most are burned by their inclusion in the funeral pyre. The...

Les coutumes funéraires dans les provinces romaines reflètent les changements politiques, ethniques, économiques ou religieux survenus au cours du Haut-Empire. L'objectif de ce travail est de proposer une synthèse des pratiques funéraires au Haut-Empire en Pannonie et en Gaule lyonnaise afin qu'elle puisse servir de base solide pour de futures études et le traitement des documents inédits. A travers un bilan documentaire le plus exhaustif possible des données publiées et une analyse détaillée des informations aujourd'hui disponibles, il s'agit de mettre en évidence les tendances observables à l'échelle de la province mais aussi des particularités régionales. Cette étude, menée sur deux provinces de population autochtone majoritairement celtique, nous permet ainsi de mieux comprendre les tendances générales des pratiques funéraires dans les provinces occidentales, mais également de mettre en valeur des particularités régionales ou communautaires liées à diverses influences externes et des évolutions internes. Elle montre également la nécessité de s'intéresser à des indices parfois jugés secondaires, comme la position du mobilier ou son état, qui sont pourtant des indicateurs forts sinon plus représentatifs de ce qui était considéré par les communautés comme les moments forts des funérailles. / Funeral customs in the Roman provinces reflect political, ethnical, economical or religious changes which occurred during the Early Roman period. Their extensive study therefore allows understanding the influence of these events and the evolutions of communities. The main goal of this work is to propose a synthesis of the funerary practices of the Early Roman period in Pannonia and in Gallia Lugdunensis, so that it can serve as a solid basis for future studies and the treatment of unpublished documents. Through a documentary overview, as exhaustive as possible, of published data and a detailed analysis of the information available nowadays, it is to highlight the trends observable on the scale of the province but also regional particularities. This study, conducted in two provinces of predominantly Celtic indigenous population, helps us to understand the general trends of burial practices in the western provinces during the Early Roman Period, but it highlights also regional and local particularities, related to various external influences and internal developments. It also shows the need to focus on indices sometimes considered as secondary, as the position of the furnishings or their state, which however are more representative of what was seen by the communities as the strong moments of the funeral.