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Yes / Historical, artefactual and place-name evidence indicates that Scandinavian migrants moved to eastern England in the ninth century AD, settling in the Danelaw. However, only a handful of characteristically Scandinavian burials have been found in the region. One, widely held, explanation is that most of these Scandinavian settlers quickly adopted local Christian burial customs, thus leaving Scandinavians indistinguishable from the Anglo-Saxon population. We undertook osteological and isotopic analysis to investigate the presence of first-generation Scandinavian migrants. Burials from Masham were typical of the later Anglo-Saxon period and included men, women and children. The location and positioning of the four adult burials from Coppergate, however, are unusual for Anglo-Scandinavian York. None of the skeletons revealed interpersonal violence. Isotopic evidence did not suggest a marine component in the diet of either group, but revealed migration on a regional, and possibly an international, scale. Combined strontium and oxygen isotope analysis should be used to investigate further both regional and Scandinavian migration in the later Anglo-Saxon period.

This diploma thesis examines the burial architecture of selected Berber tribes of Northern Africa, namely the Garamantian and Numidian ones, within a period from 4th century B. C. to 5th century A. D. First, the Garamantian tribe and its history is introduced. Afterwards I focus on garamantian burial customes and architecture. Further I describe each types of tombs and individual monuments , thein proportions and decoration. The other important part is devoted to the Numidian tribe. Again, its history, types of burial structures and individual important monuments are described in detail. In this diploma thesis there is also a mention about tribes and monuments which influenced funeral structures and architecture of tribes in North Africa and also about buildings which were the models for these tombs. Keywords architecture, burial customs, Berbers, north Africa, tombs

The aim of this essay is to evaluate the hypothesis that Öland and Gotland shared a superregional weapon burial custom during the older part of the Scandinavian iron age by comparing the weapon graves and a selection of graves on two cemeteries one from each isle. The essay concludes that the weapon graves on Öland and Gotland (or at least the examined cemeteries) was not connected by a super-regional weapon burial custom.

Depuis les premières fouilles de la nécropole tumulaire de Vergina dans les années 1950, nos connaissances sur les pratiques funéraires de l’âge du Fer en Macédoine se sont profondément renouvelées. Si le tertre funéraire collectif demeure un trait caractéristique du nord de la Grèce, les nombreuses découvertes faites depuis une trentaine d’années témoignent en réalité d’une richesse et d’une grande diversité de rituels et de types de tombes dans cette vaste région située entre les Balkans et l’Egée. A partir d’un corpus de nécropoles datées entre le XIe et le VIIe siècle avant notre ère, situées entre le versant oriental du Pinde et la région de Drama, nous proposons un état de la question des modes funéraires en nous interrogeant sur cette diversité particulièrement remarquable en Macédoine. Ce travail nous permet d’établir une carte funéraire complexe, constituée de plusieurs régions aux pratiques spécifiques, qu’on peut comparer avec le mobilier abordé sous l’angle des thématiques et des idéologies funéraires dont la logique spatiale est différente. / Since the first excavations in the burial mounds cemetery in Vergina during the 1950s, the new discoveries and different works led in Macedonia have yielded important new data, updating our vision of the burial customs during the Iron Age. The burial mounds, characteristic of northern Greece are not anymore the only known type of cemetery. The data analysis depicts a rich and eclectic representation of the burial practices in this vast area between the Balkans and the Aegean Sea. Based on a catalogue of cemeteries dated from the 11th to the 7th century B. C., located between the eastern slopes of the Pindus range and the region of Drama, we propose a survey of burial customs and question this diversity which is particularly striking in Macedonia. As a result, we propose a complex funerary map of several regions with their own features that can be compared with the funerary ideologies and beliefs reflected in the burial gifts, whose distribution pattern are different.

This thesis aims to investigate the social structure of Neolithic Period. To do this, both physical anthropological and archaeological data are used, and it is sought after whether burial customs and skeleton biology can be a parameter to understand social organization of a concerned area in a given time period. For this thesis the data comes from Abu Hureyra and &Ccedil / ay&ouml / n&uuml / . Quantified data of burial types and grave goods are used in order to create descriptive statistical graphics. Then, correspondence analysis is employed to detect statistical significance in data sets, if exists. Anthropological data is stemmed from previous researchers. On the other hand, they were still used to investigate sex and age distributions with the same tools employed before. As a final study two settlements are compared within and with each other to chase the clues for social differentiation.

This paper will be based on osteological analysis of the animal bones associated with the riverine cultures of ancient Nubia, especially the animal bones from the Pangrave and C-group cemeteries. These bones were excavated by the Scandinavian Joint Expedition in the 1960’s and are now conserved as a part of the Nubian collection at Museum Gustavianum in Sweden. The Nubian collection contains a variety of species and show a vastly differing treatment of the various animals. There are deliberately modified skulls adorned with patterns of red ochre and black sot. But there are some animals which seem to have been dismembered to be cooked or burned at the burial sites, while other animals have been buried intact alongside humans. Using osteological methods and the original research notes from the Scandinavian Joint Expedition I will attempt to create clearer picture of what the Nubian collection consists of and why.

This dissertation deals with the religious practices of the settlers in the central highlands of Palestine, during the pre-monarchic period (ca 1200-1000 BCE; the so-called ‘period of the Judges’), as revealed by archaeology (cultic artifacts and sites, as well as burial customs and practices). The religious practices of the settlers have been shown to reflect continuity with, and were practically indistinguishable from, those of the Late Bronze Canaanite cult, suggesting that the majority of the settlers were originally Canaanites, most probably from the coastal city-states (ie, the religious practices have been used as an ‘ethnic marker’). It has also been proposed that one of the motivating factors for the migration of people from the coastal region to the central highlands was a fairly dramatic climatic shift, one which resulted in the area becoming increasingly and significantly drier from the late 13th century BCE until about 900 BCE. / Thesis (M.A. (Biblical Archaelogy))

This thesis examines Etruscan rock-cut tombs that are characteristic for inland southern Etruria and are dated from second quarter of the 6th century BC to the end of 3rd and beginning of the 2nd century BC. Thesis is focused on the architecture of the tombs, their typology, decoration, iconography and their architectural evolution. Main sites in Archaic period are necropoleis in San Giuliano, Blera, Tuscania and for Hellenistic period necropoleis in Norchia, Sovana and Castel d'Asso. Second part of thesis examines the potential of 3D recording, analysis, virtual reconstruction and virtual anastylosis for the study of the tomb façades through the case studies of the "Tomb of the Siren" from necropolis of Sovana and the "Doric Tombs" from necropolis of Norchia. Keywords Etruscans, Etruscan, rock-cut, rupestral, façade, necropolis, 3D modeling, multi-image photogrammetry, virtual reconstruction, virtual anastylosis