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1	Vapengravskicket på Öland och Gotland : En studie över regionala och överregionala drag Berling, Johan January 2017 (has links) The aim of this essay is to evaluate the hypothesis that Öland and Gotland shared a superregional weapon burial custom during the older part of the Scandinavian iron age by comparing the weapon graves and a selection of graves on two cemeteries one from each isle. The essay concludes that the weapon graves on Öland and Gotland (or at least the examined cemeteries) was not connected by a super-regional weapon burial custom. Öland Gotland Weapon burials Super regional Scandinavian iron age burial customs Archaeology Arkeologi
2	En rumslig analys av båtgravskicket : Tvärvetenskapliga metoder för att tolka Valsgärdes tvillinggravar 12 och 15 Sénby Posse, Lovisa January 2021 (has links) Archaeology and art history are two disciplines that have a lot in common, especially in the pre-historic field where both disciplines rely on the same material – artifacts. Interdisciplinary methods have become increasingly more common the last few years and are very beneficial as it allows for more insight and variables into the study of the human pasts. This thesis aims to develop two methods from art history into methods fitting for archaeological material to investigate what type of information this can produce. The methods used are material analysis and spatial analysis. Spatial analysis studies human movement within an urban space, but this work considerer the placement of the individual within the grave instead as well as the grave goods. The method investigates how the placement of the grave goods relates and interacts with each other and the individual. The analysis can give clues and insight on who the buried individual was, their identity, and social role as well as giving indicators about the contemporary society the person lived in. When a spatial analysis is made it is favorable to carry out a material analysis as well. This is done to understand what type of materials the grave contains and what the material can tell. This will give depth and possibilities to understand the objects in the grave, their use, and the relationships they had to the individual. The material analysis in this paper is conducted with the help of an analysis scheme which is a tool that helps collect the same type of information from all the studied objects. The material that will be used are two ship burials from Valsgärde, 12 and 15, also known as the twin-graves as they are the only contemporary ship burials out of the grave field’s total of 15 ship burials. During the Viking age, it was common practice amongst the elite families to bury their dead in ship burials that included lavish gifts. Valsgärde in Uppland, Sweden, is an example of such a grave field with a long history. Graves from the Viking age, however, show the change that was present in the region, and traces of trade to the east can be found. Graves 12 and 15 are from the mid-10th century and some of the grave goods show influences from the east, both clothes, and items. The graves are the only of their kind at Valsgärde and even though they show the foreign impact they still follow the established grave traditions that Valsgärde have carried since the 6th century. The result from ship burials 12 and 15 are compared to Birka’s graves Bj 581 and Bj 944 who is similar in content, time and richness. The hope for this paper is to show how useful interdisciplinary methods can be, in this case, spatial analysis and material analysis with analysis scheme, to bring new aspects to graves and grave goods. Valsgärde Viking age Scandinavian Iron age Ship Burials Uppland Birka Archaeology Arkeologi
3	Att stalla djuren hemma : Arkeologins motsägelsefulla bevis för järnålderns flerfunktionella långhus Nors, Cajsa January 2020 (has links) In this paper, I discuss the presence of farm animals in longhouses during the Iron Age in Sweden with some examples from Europe. Longhouses are often described as multifunctional housing. Though housing animals indoors has been questioned in the past, it remains a generally accepted interpretation. This paper aims to investigate if and how animals were housed inside and how archeologists in the future should work with the issue. Animal agriculture byre multifunctional longhouse phosphate analysis zooarchaeology Scandinavian Iron Age soil chemistry lantbruk fähus multifunktionella långhus fosfatanalys zooarkaeologi skandinavisk järnålder markkemi Archaeology Arkeologi
4	Hornen blev till kam : Kammars råmaterial och ornamentik som aspekter i ett icke-verbalt identitetsspråk / The antlers turned into combs : Comb raw material and decoration as aspects for a non-verbal identity-language Hedlund, Linda January 2023 (has links) Denna studie undersöker och diskuterar möjligheterna som finns för att tala om ett icke-verbalt visuellt identitetsspråk för kammaterial från perioden ca 700–900 e.v.t. Studien utgår från och analyserar arkeologisk forskning som utförts i olika miljöer. Syftet är att se till potentialen som finns för vidare forskning gällande kammar, råmaterial och ornamentiks delaktighet i identitetsprocesser. Genom att studera vardagliga föremål som kammar med nya metoder och teknologi ökar möjligheterna att studera subtila sociala och kulturella fenomen. Undersökningen ämnar därför att även belysa hur nya frågor kan tillkomma och ställas till äldre väl undersökt material. / The aim of this study is to discuss and explore the possibility of a non-verbal language based on visuality in comb material dating to c. 700-900 C.E. The study analyses different archaeological research done in different locales within and outside of Scandinavia. The aim is to understand the potential of further research into identity studies based on previously made associations and interpretations regarding combs, raw material and decoration. Through new technologies, the study of everyday objects of the past can be given new context and meaning. This study aims to bring forth the potential in old well documented material. Antler raw material combs decoration visual culture materiality Scandinavian Iron Age identity species identification Hornmaterial hornkammar ornamentik visuell kultur materialitet skandinavisk järnålder identitet artbestämning Archaeology Arkeologi
5	A hall fit for a king : An anthracological analysis of the great hall at Gamla Uppsala / En hall värdig en kung : En vedanatomisk analys av hallbyggnaden på kungsgården i Gamla Uppsala Hilbert, Amina January 2020 (has links) This thesis analyses the carbonised remains of the great hall building in Gamla (old) Uppsala, Sweden, which burnt down sometime between 7th to 8th century AD. It is easily assumed that the people of Gamla Uppsala, who lived in one of the most important central places in Iron Age Scandinavia, had both the economy and power to build a most spectacular hall. Previous research on halls has focused on architectural changes as well as the power and rituals such buildings might have represented. However, no previous Swedish archaeological studies have discussed the quality of construction wood as an indication of a well-built hall building. Wood can rarely be analysed in-depth as it is most often decomposed, or only a few charred pieces remain from the constructions. The hall in Gamla Uppsala provides an unusually large amount of charcoal remains. Therefore, an anthracological analysis is used in this thesis to discuss the quality of the hall construction based on the choice of timber. The purpose of this thesis was to identify what kind of wood the builders used to construct the great hall, how much timber and time it would take to build the 50 m long hall building and if the required timber could be found in the area surrounding the hall. The purpose was also to try to identify whether the construction wood was of good quality. The results show that the large timbers were of scots pine (Pinus sylvestris), and the wattle walls were made of juniper branches (Juniperus sp.). The great hall required at least 6250 scots pine trees, which is 4–5 hectares of clear-cut logging. As the landscape at Gamla Uppsala mainly consisted of large open fields, there were not enough trees that would grow locally to get this amount of timber for the hall. Junipers would, however, grow in the open landscape, and the builders would have gathered a minimum of 3600–5300 branches for the wattle walls. It would have taken around four months or less to build the hall, not including the time it would take to prepare the building material. The identified construction materials suggest that the timber was carefully chosen for the great hall building in Gamla Uppsala. / I denna uppsats har förkolnat virke analyserats från hallbyggnaden på kungsgården i Gamla Uppsala, som brann ner någon gång mellan 600- och 700-talet e.Kr. Det är lätt att anta att människorna i Gamla Uppsala, som då bodde i en av järnålderns viktigaste centralplatser, hade en tillräckligt stor social och ekonomisk makt för att bygga en spektakulär hallbyggnad. Tidigare forskning om hallbyggnader har fokuserats på arkitektoniska förändringar samt på den sociala makt och de rituella ceremonier som hallbyggnader ofta är förknippade med. Det finns däremot inga arkeologiska studier i Sverige som har fokuserats på virkeskvalitet från byggnader med sådan dignitet som hallbyggnaden i Gamla Uppsala. Möjligheten att utföra djupare analyser på arkeologiskt trä är sällsynt då det ofta hunnit förmultna, eller endast utgörs av några få förkolnade bitar av ursprungsvirket. Hallen i Gamla Uppsala har efter branden en ovanligt stor mängd förkolnat virke som bevarats i gott skick. Genom vedartsanalyser på de arkeologiska trälämningarna kan kvaliteten på hallbyggnaden diskuteras baserat på val av virke. Syftet med denna uppsats var att identifiera vilka vedarter som användes för att konstruera hallen, hur mycket virke som krävdes, hur lång tid det skulle ta att bygga den 50 m långa hallbyggnaden och om virket kunde hämtas i närområdet kring hallen. Syftet var också att försöka identifiera om konstruktionsvirket var av god kvalitet. Resultaten av analysen visar att majoriteten av virket var av furu (Pinus sylvestris), medan flätverksväggarna var gjorda av ene grenar (Juniperus sp.). För att bygga hallen krävdes minst 6250 tallar, vilket skulle motsvara 4–5 hektar avverkad skog. Eftersom landskapet vid Gamla Uppsala huvudsakligen bestod av stora öppna fält kunde det inte ha funnits tillräckligt med träd som växte i närområdet för att samla in den mängd virke som krävdes för konstruktionen av hallen. Ene var tillgängligt i närområdet i det öppna landskapet, och byggarna behövde minst 3600–5300 grenar till flätverksväggarna. Det skulle ha tagit cirka fyra månader eller mindre att bygga hallen, frånsett den tid det skulle ta att förbereda byggmaterialet. Virket verkar ha valts ut noggrant för hallen på kungsgården i Gamla Uppsala. Anthracology archaeobotany archaeology royal manor Gamla Uppsala microscopic wood analysis great hall Scandinavian Iron Age timber Vendel Period Arkeobotanik arkeologi hallbyggnad kungsgård Gamla Uppsala skandinavisk järnålder timmer vedanatomisk analys vedartsanalys vendeltiden Archaeology Arkeologi
6	To Make Iron of Iron : A Comprehensive Analytical Study of Spade Shaped Iron Bars Pappas Adlerburg, Nickolas T. January 2017 (has links) This thesis aims to provide adequate analytical information on the spade shaped iron bars of Norrland and central Sweden. While their significance has been thoroughly debated for decades, analytical research on them has been confined to cases of single artefacts or theoretical interpretations of their value, meaning and origin. In this study a comprehensive approach is taken into consideration. Based on X-Ray fluorescence (XRF), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and metallographical analysis this thesis seeks to facilitate new interpretations on quality, production centres and usage based on analytical results. Aiming to settle some of the long lasting questions regarding the artefacts while producing results which can further the discussion by raising new questions, previously unasked. Archaeological Science Scandinavian Iron Age Nordic Iron Age Spade Shaped Iron Bars Norrland Iron Bars Archaeometallurgy XRF SEM/EDS Metallography Vendel Era Migration Period Roman Iron Age Nickel Cobalt Limonite Iron Ores Helgö Uppland Gästrikland Medelpad Hälsingland Jämtland Laborativ arkeologi Nordisk järnålder Spadformiga ämnesjärn Norrland Ämnesjärn Arkeometallurgi XRF SEM/EDS Metallografi Vendeltid Folkvandringstid Romersk Järnålder Helgö Nickel Cobalt Myrmalm Bergmalm Uppland Gästrikland Medelpad Hälsingland Jämtland Archaeology Arkeologi
7	To Make Iron of Iron : A Comprehensive Analytical Study of Spade Shaped Iron Bars Pappas Adlreburg, Nickolas January 2017 (has links) This thesis aims to provide adequate analytical information on the spade shaped iron bars of Norrland and central Sweden. While their significance has been thoroughly debated for decades, analytical research on them has been confined to cases of single artefacts or theoretical interpretations of their value, meaning and origin. In this study a comprehensive approach is taken into consideration. Based on X-Ray fluorescence (XRF), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and metallographical analysis this thesis seeks to facilitate new interpretations on quality, production centres and usage based on analytical results. Aiming to settle some of the long lasting questions regarding the artefacts while producing results which can further the discussion by raising new questions, previously unasked. Archaeological Science Archaeometallurgy Spade Shaped Iron Bars X-Ray Fluorescence (XRF) Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) Metallography Swedish Archaeology Archaeology in Norrland Scandinavian Iron Age Nordic Iron Age Roman Iron Age Migration Period Vendel Period Prehistoric Metallurgy Slag Iron Bar Currency Bar Bloomery Bloom Iron Bog Iron Limonite Mineral Iron Ores Hematite Magnetite Phosphoric Iron/Steel Prehistoric Steel Ferrite Pearlite Nickel Cobalt Phosphorus Arsenic Magnesium Sulfur Manganese Norrland Middle Norrland Uppland Gästrikland Hälsingland Medelpad Jämtland Södermanland Helgö Torsåker Gåcksätter Alborga Offerdal Selånger Villberga Arbrå Laborativ Arkeologi Arkeometallurgi Spadformiga Ämnesjärn Röntgenfluorescens (XRF) Svepelektronmikroskop (SEM) Metallografi Svensk Arkeologi Norrländsk Arkeologi Förnnordisk Arkeologi Skandinavisk Järnålder Nordisk Järnålder Fornnordisk Järnålder Romersk Järnålder Folkvandringstiden Vendeltiden Forhistorisk Metallurgi Slaget Ämnesjärn Blästerugn Blästa Myrmalm Sjömalm Limonit Bergmalm Hematit Magnetit Fosforisk Järn/Stål Förhistorisk Stål Ferrit Pearlit Nickel Kobolt Fosfor Arsen Magnesium Svavel Mangan Norrland Mellannorrland Uppland Gästrikland Hälsingland Medelpad Jämtland Södermanland Helgö Torsåker Gåcksätter Alborga Offerdal Selånger Villberga Arbrå Archaeology Arkeologi

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