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1	To Make Iron of Iron : A Comprehensive Analytical Study of Spade Shaped Iron Bars Pappas Adlreburg, Nickolas January 2017 (has links) This thesis aims to provide adequate analytical information on the spade shaped iron bars of Norrland and central Sweden. While their significance has been thoroughly debated for decades, analytical research on them has been confined to cases of single artefacts or theoretical interpretations of their value, meaning and origin. In this study a comprehensive approach is taken into consideration. Based on X-Ray fluorescence (XRF), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and metallographical analysis this thesis seeks to facilitate new interpretations on quality, production centres and usage based on analytical results. Aiming to settle some of the long lasting questions regarding the artefacts while producing results which can further the discussion by raising new questions, previously unasked. Archaeological Science Archaeometallurgy Spade Shaped Iron Bars X-Ray Fluorescence (XRF) Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) Metallography Swedish Archaeology Archaeology in Norrland Scandinavian Iron Age Nordic Iron Age Roman Iron Age Migration Period Vendel Period Prehistoric Metallurgy Slag Iron Bar Currency Bar Bloomery Bloom Iron Bog Iron Limonite Mineral Iron Ores Hematite Magnetite Phosphoric Iron/Steel Prehistoric Steel Ferrite Pearlite Nickel Cobalt Phosphorus Arsenic Magnesium Sulfur Manganese Norrland Middle Norrland Uppland Gästrikland Hälsingland Medelpad Jämtland Södermanland Helgö Torsåker Gåcksätter Alborga Offerdal Selånger Villberga Arbrå Laborativ Arkeologi Arkeometallurgi Spadformiga Ämnesjärn Röntgenfluorescens (XRF) Svepelektronmikroskop (SEM) Metallografi Svensk Arkeologi Norrländsk Arkeologi Förnnordisk Arkeologi Skandinavisk Järnålder Nordisk Järnålder Fornnordisk Järnålder Romersk Järnålder Folkvandringstiden Vendeltiden Forhistorisk Metallurgi Slaget Ämnesjärn Blästerugn Blästa Myrmalm Sjömalm Limonit Bergmalm Hematit Magnetit Fosforisk Järn/Stål Förhistorisk Stål Ferrit Pearlit Nickel Kobolt Fosfor Arsen Magnesium Svavel Mangan Norrland Mellannorrland Uppland Gästrikland Hälsingland Medelpad Jämtland Södermanland Helgö Torsåker Gåcksätter Alborga Offerdal Selånger Villberga Arbrå Archaeology Arkeologi

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To Make Iron of Iron : A Comprehensive Analytical Study of Spade Shaped Iron Bars