Global ETD Search

1	Krigare, härskare och djur : Relevansen av djursymbolik för sammanhållning inom krigargrupper i yngre järnålderns Skandinavien / Warriors, rulers and animals : The relevance of animal symbolism for cohesion within warrior groups in Late Iron Age Scandinavia Bransell, Oskar January 2021 (has links) This thesis examines the relevance of animal symbolism for group cohesion within Vendel- and Viking Age warrior groups. Late Iron Age Scandinavia (c. 550-1050) saw increased political centralization where leading figures would legitimize and maintain their authority by forming and maintaining warrior groups. Animal symbolism is examined with regards to its role in stimulating processes of 'ingroup identification and identity fusion, which are likely to have been of vital importance in facilitating cohesion within ancient Scandinavian warrior groups. Literary, historical and archaeological sources are examined and compared in order to identify independently reoccuring phenomena, which collectively provide indications about the martial ideologies and practices of the Vendel- and Viking periods. Animals were used as identifying symbols for specific individuals, groups and organizations which could hade served to identify group members and hightlight the distinctiveness of ingroups in order to stimulate cooperation. Particular animals such as ravens were used by Scandinavian leaders in order to indicate martial competency and connections to the god Odin. Both of these functions would have increades the warrior bands' confidence in, and presumably loyalty towards their commanders. Animal symbolism was likely used by some warrior groups in the assumption of therianthropic identities. Conceptions of therianthropy could have stimulated identity fusion by cultivating specific personality traits, providing ideological motivations for violent actions, enhancing actual or perceived combat performance and by distinguishing therianthropic warriors from the rest of society. The relevant forms of animal symbolism would have coexisted to various degrees withing the same or similar ideological frameworks with Odin as a reoccuring and significant - but not necessarily essential - central figure. Vendel Period Viking Age animal symbolism therianthropy hird group cohesion ingroup identification identity fusion Vendeltiden Vikingatiden djursymbolik teriantropi hird gruppkohesion ingruppidentifiering identitetsfusion Archaeology Arkeologi
2	A hall fit for a king : An anthracological analysis of the great hall at Gamla Uppsala / En hall värdig en kung : En vedanatomisk analys av hallbyggnaden på kungsgården i Gamla Uppsala Hilbert, Amina January 2020 (has links) This thesis analyses the carbonised remains of the great hall building in Gamla (old) Uppsala, Sweden, which burnt down sometime between 7th to 8th century AD. It is easily assumed that the people of Gamla Uppsala, who lived in one of the most important central places in Iron Age Scandinavia, had both the economy and power to build a most spectacular hall. Previous research on halls has focused on architectural changes as well as the power and rituals such buildings might have represented. However, no previous Swedish archaeological studies have discussed the quality of construction wood as an indication of a well-built hall building. Wood can rarely be analysed in-depth as it is most often decomposed, or only a few charred pieces remain from the constructions. The hall in Gamla Uppsala provides an unusually large amount of charcoal remains. Therefore, an anthracological analysis is used in this thesis to discuss the quality of the hall construction based on the choice of timber. The purpose of this thesis was to identify what kind of wood the builders used to construct the great hall, how much timber and time it would take to build the 50 m long hall building and if the required timber could be found in the area surrounding the hall. The purpose was also to try to identify whether the construction wood was of good quality. The results show that the large timbers were of scots pine (Pinus sylvestris), and the wattle walls were made of juniper branches (Juniperus sp.). The great hall required at least 6250 scots pine trees, which is 4–5 hectares of clear-cut logging. As the landscape at Gamla Uppsala mainly consisted of large open fields, there were not enough trees that would grow locally to get this amount of timber for the hall. Junipers would, however, grow in the open landscape, and the builders would have gathered a minimum of 3600–5300 branches for the wattle walls. It would have taken around four months or less to build the hall, not including the time it would take to prepare the building material. The identified construction materials suggest that the timber was carefully chosen for the great hall building in Gamla Uppsala. / I denna uppsats har förkolnat virke analyserats från hallbyggnaden på kungsgården i Gamla Uppsala, som brann ner någon gång mellan 600- och 700-talet e.Kr. Det är lätt att anta att människorna i Gamla Uppsala, som då bodde i en av järnålderns viktigaste centralplatser, hade en tillräckligt stor social och ekonomisk makt för att bygga en spektakulär hallbyggnad. Tidigare forskning om hallbyggnader har fokuserats på arkitektoniska förändringar samt på den sociala makt och de rituella ceremonier som hallbyggnader ofta är förknippade med. Det finns däremot inga arkeologiska studier i Sverige som har fokuserats på virkeskvalitet från byggnader med sådan dignitet som hallbyggnaden i Gamla Uppsala. Möjligheten att utföra djupare analyser på arkeologiskt trä är sällsynt då det ofta hunnit förmultna, eller endast utgörs av några få förkolnade bitar av ursprungsvirket. Hallen i Gamla Uppsala har efter branden en ovanligt stor mängd förkolnat virke som bevarats i gott skick. Genom vedartsanalyser på de arkeologiska trälämningarna kan kvaliteten på hallbyggnaden diskuteras baserat på val av virke. Syftet med denna uppsats var att identifiera vilka vedarter som användes för att konstruera hallen, hur mycket virke som krävdes, hur lång tid det skulle ta att bygga den 50 m långa hallbyggnaden och om virket kunde hämtas i närområdet kring hallen. Syftet var också att försöka identifiera om konstruktionsvirket var av god kvalitet. Resultaten av analysen visar att majoriteten av virket var av furu (Pinus sylvestris), medan flätverksväggarna var gjorda av ene grenar (Juniperus sp.). För att bygga hallen krävdes minst 6250 tallar, vilket skulle motsvara 4–5 hektar avverkad skog. Eftersom landskapet vid Gamla Uppsala huvudsakligen bestod av stora öppna fält kunde det inte ha funnits tillräckligt med träd som växte i närområdet för att samla in den mängd virke som krävdes för konstruktionen av hallen. Ene var tillgängligt i närområdet i det öppna landskapet, och byggarna behövde minst 3600–5300 grenar till flätverksväggarna. Det skulle ha tagit cirka fyra månader eller mindre att bygga hallen, frånsett den tid det skulle ta att förbereda byggmaterialet. Virket verkar ha valts ut noggrant för hallen på kungsgården i Gamla Uppsala. Anthracology archaeobotany archaeology royal manor Gamla Uppsala microscopic wood analysis great hall Scandinavian Iron Age timber Vendel Period Arkeobotanik arkeologi hallbyggnad kungsgård Gamla Uppsala skandinavisk järnålder timmer vedanatomisk analys vedartsanalys vendeltiden Archaeology Arkeologi
3	To Make Iron of Iron : A Comprehensive Analytical Study of Spade Shaped Iron Bars Pappas Adlreburg, Nickolas January 2017 (has links) This thesis aims to provide adequate analytical information on the spade shaped iron bars of Norrland and central Sweden. While their significance has been thoroughly debated for decades, analytical research on them has been confined to cases of single artefacts or theoretical interpretations of their value, meaning and origin. In this study a comprehensive approach is taken into consideration. Based on X-Ray fluorescence (XRF), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and metallographical analysis this thesis seeks to facilitate new interpretations on quality, production centres and usage based on analytical results. Aiming to settle some of the long lasting questions regarding the artefacts while producing results which can further the discussion by raising new questions, previously unasked. Archaeological Science Archaeometallurgy Spade Shaped Iron Bars X-Ray Fluorescence (XRF) Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) Metallography Swedish Archaeology Archaeology in Norrland Scandinavian Iron Age Nordic Iron Age Roman Iron Age Migration Period Vendel Period Prehistoric Metallurgy Slag Iron Bar Currency Bar Bloomery Bloom Iron Bog Iron Limonite Mineral Iron Ores Hematite Magnetite Phosphoric Iron/Steel Prehistoric Steel Ferrite Pearlite Nickel Cobalt Phosphorus Arsenic Magnesium Sulfur Manganese Norrland Middle Norrland Uppland Gästrikland Hälsingland Medelpad Jämtland Södermanland Helgö Torsåker Gåcksätter Alborga Offerdal Selånger Villberga Arbrå Laborativ Arkeologi Arkeometallurgi Spadformiga Ämnesjärn Röntgenfluorescens (XRF) Svepelektronmikroskop (SEM) Metallografi Svensk Arkeologi Norrländsk Arkeologi Förnnordisk Arkeologi Skandinavisk Järnålder Nordisk Järnålder Fornnordisk Järnålder Romersk Järnålder Folkvandringstiden Vendeltiden Forhistorisk Metallurgi Slaget Ämnesjärn Blästerugn Blästa Myrmalm Sjömalm Limonit Bergmalm Hematit Magnetit Fosforisk Järn/Stål Förhistorisk Stål Ferrit Pearlit Nickel Kobolt Fosfor Arsen Magnesium Svavel Mangan Norrland Mellannorrland Uppland Gästrikland Hälsingland Medelpad Jämtland Södermanland Helgö Torsåker Gåcksätter Alborga Offerdal Selånger Villberga Arbrå Archaeology Arkeologi

1

Page generated in 0.0646 seconds