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Clonagem, expressão, purificação e caracterização das proteínas do capsídio viral do papilomavírus humano (HPV) / Cloning, expression, purification and characterization of human papillomavirus (HPV) capsid proteinsÁgtha de Alencar Muniz Chaves 17 December 2012 (has links)
O Câncer Cervical é um importante problema de saúde pública, causando aproximadamente 270 milhões de mortes anuais. Atualmente, esse câncer é o segundo mais comum em mulheres no mundo, com os maiores índices de incidência ocorrendo nos países em desenvolvimento. O Câncer cervical tem como agente etiológico o Papilomavírus Humano (HPV). O vírus possui DNA circular duplo com genes que codificam oito proteínas, E1, E2, E4, E5, E6, E7 (não estruturais), e L1 e L2 (estruturais) que formam o capsídio viral. A proteína L1 quando produzida em sistema heterólgo de expressão tem a capacidade de auto-arranjo em partículas semelhantes ao vírus chamadas de VLPs (\"Vírus like Particles\"), que são a base das vacinas profiláticas disponíveis, Gardasil® e Cervarix®. Neste trabalho, foram produzidas VLPs da proteína L1 do HPV-16 na levedura metilotrófica Pichia pastoris utilizando dois tipos de vetores de expressão para leveduras, um epissomal e outro integrativo, para os trabalhos de purificação. Inicialmente as amostras obtidas ao final da purificação apresentaram degradação e agregação da proteína L1, além de contaminantes. O protocolo de purificação foi modificado e as amostras obtidas no final do processo de purificação não apresentaram degradação e nem agregação da proteína L1, embora ainda tenha sido detectada a presença de contaminantes e, portanto, as amostras obtidas estavam semi-purificadas. Uma segunda abordagem para o desenvolvimento de uma vacina alternativa foi realizada, na qual foram produzidos candidatos vacinais baseados na proteína L2 do Papilomavírus Humano (L2 do HPV-16, L2 do HPV-18 e L2 Multimérica), e também foram expressas proteínas fusionadas ao domínio ZZ de Staphylococcus aureus, utilizado neste caso como adjuvante. Em geral as proteínas de fusão, ainda que apresentando a fusão em sua forma funcional, geraram uma fraca indução de anticorpos IgG e de anticorpos neutralizantes. Pode-se observar uma produção de anticorpos neutralizantes contra pseudovírus homólogos e heterólogos que dependeu da combinação com os adjuvantes utilizados. Numa tentativa de maximizar a eficiência imunológica dos antígenos utilizados, um novo ensaio de imunização foi realizado com uma formulação conjunta contendo três proteínas (L2 do HPV-16, L2 do HPV-18 e L2 Multimérica), sendo também avaliadas as propriedades de três adjuvantes. A combinação da formulação vacinal com os adjuvantes gerou altos níveis de anticorpos L2-específicos, destacando-se as formulações com o hidróxido de alumínio/MPLA e com a vacina celular Pertussis low. Com a utilização desses adjuvantes, os níveis de anticorpos permaneceram elevados a longo termo. Pode-se observar a imunogenicidade de cada um dos antígenos dependeu de sua formulação com os adjuvantes testados. / Cervical cancer is one of the most important problems of public health, causing nearly 270 million deaths annually. Currently, cervical cancer is the second more common type in women worldwide and the highest incidences occuring in developing countries. Human papillomavirus (HPV) are the ethiologic agents of cervical cancer. HPV have a double-stranded circular DNA genome encoding eight viral proteins, E1, E2, E4, E5, E6, E7 (non-structural), and L1, L2 (structural), the last ones forming the viral capsid. L1 protein expressed in heterologous systems self-assembles into VLPs (\"Virus like Particles\"), the base of prophylactic vaccines available commercially, Gardasil and Cervarix. In this work, we produced VLPs of HPV-16 L1 protein in the methylotrophic yeast Pichia pastoris for purification assays. Initially, samples obtained from purification presented degradation and aggregation of L1 protein and also contaminants. The purification protocol was modified and samples obtained in the new process did not present degradation nor aggregation but the presence of some contaminants could still be detected. Therefore, samples obtained were semi-purified. A second approach to the development of an alternative vaccine was performed with the production of vaccine candidates based on the HPV L2 protein (HPV-16 L2, HPV-18 L2 and Multimeric L2) and we also expressed the same proteins fused to Staphyloccocus aureus ZZ domain, using it as an adjuvant. In general, the fused proteins induced low antibodies titer and low neutralizing antibodies titer when compared to other formulations. Neutralizing antibodies elicited against homologous and heterologous pseudovirus depended on the adjuvant used. In another approach, trying to enhance immunologic antigen efficiencies, an immunization assay was performed with a formulation containing L2 HPV- 16, L2 HPV-18 and Multimeric L2 and the properties of three adjuvants were assessed. The vaccine formulations adjuvanted with alum/MPLA and cellular Pertussis low vaccine induced the highest levels of L2-specific antibodies. In addition, the usage of adjuvants maintained the antibody levels in the long term. The immunogenicity of each antigen depends on the adjuvant combination used.
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Atividade mucosotrópica do Papilomavírus Humano (HPV) no processo carcinogênico em diferentes sítios de infecção. / Mucosotropic activity of Human Papilomavirus (HPV) in carcinogenic process at different infection sites.Thalita Araújo Sant'Ana 24 October 2017 (has links)
O Papilomavírus Humano (HPV) é uma prevalente infecção do mundo atual, sendo o comportamento sexual um fator determinante para a o acometimento da infecção. O objetivo deste trabalho foi estudar o HPV em diferentes sítios de infecção, buscando um maior entendimento do seu mecanismo de disseminação. Foram analisadas amostras das mucosas cervical, oral e do sangue de 50 pacientes do sexo feminino. Foram identificados o HPV-16, HPV-18, HPV-31 e HPV-33. Nenhuma paciente foi negativa para os quatro tipos nos três sítios. O HPV-16 foi o mais detectado e o mais prevalente nos três sítios, simultaneamente, 32 pacientes apresentaram esse perfil. Todos os tipos virais presentes no sangue, também estavam presentes na mucosa cervical, na mucosa oral ou em ambas. Foram identificados seis achados citológicos, sugestivos da infecção pelo HPV. Foi realizada a detecção dos transcritos virais de E6, E6/E7 e L1 nos três sítios. Os resultados do nosso trabalho demonstram a alta prevalência do HPV, a atividade viral nos três sítios analisados e a provável disseminação do vírus. / Human papillomavirus (HPV) is one of the most prevalent infections of the current world, with sexual behavior being one determining fator of infection. The objective of this study was to study HPV in different sites of infection, seeking a better understanding of its mechanism and spreading. Cervical, oral and blood mucosa samples from 50 female patients were analyzed. HPV-16, HPV-18, HPV-31 and HPV-33 were identified. No patient was negative in the four types at all three sites. HPV-16 was the most detected and the most prevalent in the three sites, simultaneously, 32 patients presented this profile. All viral types present in the blood were also present in the cervical mucosa, oral mucosa, or both. Six cytological findings were identified, suggestive of infection by HPV. Detection of viral transcripts of E6, E6 / E7 and L1 was performed at the three sites. The results of our study demonstrate the high prevalence of HPV, viral activity in the three sites analyzed and the probable virus spreading.
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Studium vlastností virových kapsidových proteinů a vývoj rekombinantních vakcín a diagnostických komponent založených na umělých virových strukturách / Studies of properties of viral capsid proteins and development of recombinant vaccines and diagnostic components based on artificial viral structuresFraiberk, Martin January 2017 (has links)
The aim of this study was to develop a system for easy production of different veterinary chimeric vaccines based on stable mouse polyomavirus (MPyV) structures. The system is designed for antigens that are problematic in production or stability. First, universal vectors for baculovirus-directed production of chimeric MPyV VLPs or pentamers based on the major capsid protein VP1 were designed to be exploited as vaccines against other pathogens. The different strategies used in this study are based on: A) exposure of selected immunogenic epitopes on the surface of MPyV VLPs by inserting them into a surface loop of the VP1 protein, B) insertion of foreign protein molecules inside the VLPs, or C) fusion of a foreign protein or its part with the C-terminus of VP1 protein, thus forming giant pentamers of a chimeric protein. Candidate vaccine antigens against porcine circovirus 2 (PCV2), the causative agent of porcine circovirus 2 systemic diseases (PCV2-SD) which causes significant economic losses in swine breeding, were prepared using the constructed vectors. All candidate vaccines induced the production of antibodies against the capsid protein of PCV2 after immunization of mice. The candidate vaccine Var C based on fusion of MPyV and PCV2 capsid proteins, is able to induce production of antibodies with...
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Analýza miRNA u nádorů asociovaných s lidskými papilomaviry / Analysis of miRNAs in HPV-associated carcinomasPagáčová, Lucie January 2020 (has links)
Papillomaviruses are small DNA viruses that are associated with the induction of epithelial tumors. HPV is an important infectious agent causing almost 100 % of cervical tumors but it can also cause tumors in other anogenital and head and neck locations in both men and women. Active HPV infection induces changes in miRNA expression that contribute to the tumor formation and progression. It is already known that papillomaviruses do not encode their own viral miRNAs but they affect the expression of cellular miRNAs. In my thesis I have in selected epithelial tumors (vulva, cervix, anus and tonsils) determined their etiology and analyzed the presence of miRNAs in tissues by next generation sequencing. From these data I determined the expression profiles of deregulated miRNAs in tumors relation to healthy tissues of corresponding location. Even though, sufficient number of samples was analyzed, it was not possible to detect HPV-core miRNA common to all analyzed HPV-induced tumors due to the absence of statistically relevant differentially expressed miRNAs in HPV positive vulvar tumors. Among the tumors of the other sites I found an overlap in three miRNAs. One of these miRNAs (miR-139-5p) and another one (miR-9-5p) which I have selected based on the study of other published data, were used for...
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Význam složení a funkčních vlastností imunitního infiltrátu nádorového mikroprostředí pro klinický průběh nádorů hlavy a krku / Impact of pattern and functional properties of tumor-infiltrating immune cells for clinical outcome of head and neck cancerHladíková, Kamila January 2020 (has links)
Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma encompasses a complex and heterogeneous group of malignant diseases. Originally, this tumor type was associated with tobacco and alcohol consumption. However, a significantly expanding subset of tumors associated with oncogenic human papillomavirus infection arising in deep tonsillar crypts was identified within the last decades. Due to the essential role of the immune system in antiviral and anticancer immune response, the prognosis of patients is significantly influenced by the volume, composition and functional capacity of the immune infiltrate. The immunosuppressive landscape of head and neck cancer leads to unfavorable outcome of patients and decreased efficacy of immunotherapy. The response rate to standard treatment is high, however, standard therapy is accompanied by considerable toxicity influencing the quality of life. In 2016, the first immunotherapeutics for the treatment of patients with recurrent squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck were approved - the anti-PD-1 immune checkpoint inhibitors nivolumab and pembrolizumab. This type of therapy, based on mitigation of immunosuppression, shows strong efficacy and less toxicity in combination with other therapies. Therefore, anti-PD-1 immunotherapy was recently approved in the first-line...
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Nanostructured Supports for Detection of Pathogens and Biomolecules of Interest Based on Molecular Gates with OligonucleotidesAranda Sobrino, María de las Nieves 03 November 2024 (has links)
[ES] La tesis doctoral "Nanostructured supports for the detection of pathogens and biomolecules of interest based on molecular gates with oligonucleotides" se centra en el diseño de nanomateriales híbridos orgánico-inorgánicos como biosensores innovadores para la detección rápida y específica de patógenos como el virus del papiloma humano (VPH) y la bacteria Vibrio vulnificus, así como biomoléculas relevantes como miR-4732-3p, relacionado con la cardiotoxicidad en pacientes con cáncer. Los sensores desarrollados, basados en puertas moleculares en alúmina mesoporosa y validados con muestras clínicas, destacan por su alta sensibilidad, especificidad, rapidez y facilidad de uso, lo que los hace prometedores para aplicaciones en diagnóstico y monitoreo ambiental. / [CA] The doctoral thesis "Nanostructured supports for the detection of pathogens and biomolecules of interest based on molecular gates with oligonucleotides" focuses on the design of organic-hybrid nanomaterialsInorganic as innovative biosensors for rapid and specific detection of pathogens such as human papillomavirus (HPV) and the bacterium Vibrio vulnificus, as well as relevant biomolecules such as miR-4732-3p, related to cardiotoxicity in cancer patients. The developed sensors, based on mesoporous alumina molecular gates and validated with clinical samples, stand out for their high sensitivity, specificity, speed and ease of use, which makes them promising for applications in diagnosis and environmental monitoring. / [EN] La tesi doctoral "Nanostructured supports for the detection of pathogens and biomolecules of interest based on molecular gates with oligonucleotides" se centra en el disseny de nanomaterials híbrids orgànic-inorgànics com biosensors innovadors per a la detecció ràpida i específica de patògens com el virus del papil·loma humà (VPH) i el bacteri Vibrio vulnificus, així com biomolècules rellevants com miR-4732-3p, relacionat amb la cardiotoxicitat en pacients amb càncer. Els sensors desenrotllats, basats en portes moleculars en alúmina mesoporosa i validats amb mostres clíniques, destaquen per la seua alta sensibilitat, especificitat, rapidesa i facilitat d'ús, la qual cosa els fa prometedors per a aplicacions en diagnòstic i monitoratge ambiental. / This research was supported by project PID2021-126304OB-C41 funded by MCIN/AEI and by European Regional Development Fund - A way of doing Europe. This work has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 Development of an Innovative Fluorogenic Biosensor for Direct Detection of Vibrio vulnificus, a Climate Change Biomarker research and innovation programme under grant agreement No 899708.
This research was also supported by CIBER -Consorcio Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red (CB06/01/2012), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación. This study forms part of the Advanced Materials programme (MFA/2022/049) and was supported by MCIN with funding from European Union NextGeneration EU (PRTR-C17.I1) and by Generalitat Valenciana. The study was also supported by the grants PID2020-120619RB-I00 funded by MCIN/AEI and CIAICO/2021/293 funded by “Conselleria de Educación, Universidades y Empleo” (Generalitat Valenciana,
Spain). / Aranda Sobrino, MDLN. (2024). Nanostructured Supports for Detection of Pathogens and Biomolecules of Interest Based on Molecular Gates with Oligonucleotides [Tesis doctoral]. Universitat Politècnica de València. https://doi.org/10.4995/Thesis/10251/211237
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