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The prevalence of aggression and delinquency increase during adolescence and are associated with psychosocial adjustment difficulties. It is important to identify aspects of the parent-adolescent relationship that may protect adolescents from these externalizing behaviors. The current study examined longitudinal relations between parental monitoring behaviors, child disclosure, and externalizing behaviors. Participants included 326 African American adolescents and their primary maternal caregivers, recruited from urban neighborhoods characterized by high rates of violence and low socioeconomic status. Participants provided data annually (three waves across two-year timeframe) through face-to-face interviews. Results of longitudinal path models showed that child disclosure predicted parental knowledge, and parental knowledge was associated with fewer externalizing outcomes. Higher levels of parental control predicted less child disclosure. Finally, parental acceptance predicted fewer child-reported delinquent behaviors through increased levels of child disclosure. Implications suggest that parent-adolescent communication and parental acceptance are protective factors, associated with decreased externalizing outcomes in African American youth.

The purpose of the current study was to examine the path of parental acceptancerejection/ control, personality traits, coping strategies and psychological distress consequently. For the purpose of this study, 444 adults (134 male, 308 female, and 2 unknown) between the ages of 17 and 35 (M = 21.60, SD = 2.77) participated in the current study. The data was collected by a questionnaire battery including a Demographic Variable Sheet, Mother and Father Forms of Parent Acceptance- Rejection/Control Questionnaire, Beck Depression Inventory, Trait Anxiety Inventory, The Ways of Coping Inventory, and Basic Personality Traits Inventory. The three sets of hierarchical multiple regression analyses were conducted to reveal the significant associates of psychological distress. As expected, the results of the current study revealed that parental rejection, different personality traits and different coping strategies had associated with psychological distress as depression and trait anxiety. Following findings and the relevant literature, the limitations, therapeutic implications of the current study, and the suggestion for future research were discussed.

The aim of the present study was to examine the associations between demographic variables, parental acceptance-rejection (PAR), social support (SS), locus of control (LC), and psychological problems with adolescents. The study consisted of 375 high school students (215 females and 160 males) from three different high schools in Ankara whose age range between 14-18. Furthermore, 134 of students&rsquo / both parents, 18 of students&rsquo / only mothers, and 5 of students&rsquo / only fathers participated into the study. A questionnaire packet (Parental Acceptance-Rejection Questionnaire/Control: Child Version, Personality Assessment Questionnaire: Child Version, Positive Affect Negative Affect Schedule, Social Support Appraisals Scale for Children, Nowicki-Strickland Locus of Control Scale for Children) was administered to the students and Conners&rsquo / Parent Rating Scale was filled by both mothers and fathers. The results revealed that after controlling the effect of demographic variables, SS from family was positively associated with positive affect and negatively with externalizing problems and psychological maladjustment (PM). After controlling the effects of demographic variables and SS, internal LC was positively associated with positive affect and impulsivity/hyperactivity and external LC with PM. Moreover, controlling the effects of demographic variables, SS and LC, maternal hostility/aggression was positively associated with PM / maternal undifferentiated rejection with negative affect, conduct problem and oppositional defiant disorder / paternal warmth/affection with positive affect and learning problem / paternal indifference/neglect with impulsivity/hyperactivity and paternal undifferentiated rejection with oppositional defiant disorder. The findings of the study were discussed in the light of the literature. Additionally, limitations and implications of the study and suggestions for future researches were stated.

In this study, results from Epstein's (1983) study were replicated and parental acceptance was found to be significantly correlated with measures of global self-esteem and lovability. This study extends his work to examine the unique effect of parental nonconcordance (i.e., one parent experienced as accepting and the other parent experienced as rejecting). Undergraduate students (N = 259) completed the Mother-Father-Peer Scale and the Multidimensional Self-Esteem Inventory. Results of the hierarchical multiple regression analysis supported the hypotheses that mother acceptance is a better predictor of global self-esteem and lovability than father acceptance in cases of parental nonconcordance. The results are discussed in lights of Bowlby's (1969/1982. 1973, & 1980) attachment theory, the construct of internal working models of attachment and the hierarchical nature of these models. / Department of Counseling Psychology and Guidance Services

Thesis (M. Ed.)--University of Hong Kong, 1993. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 101-110).

Thesis (M.Ed.)--University of Hong Kong, 1993. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 101-110). Also available in print.

Children’s mental health is a topic of concern, not only in the escalating number of children who meet diagnostic criteria for disorders, but also for the practitioners desiring to treat them effectively. Parental involvement in treatment results in more favorable outcomes with longer treatment gains observed, thus reducing mental health issues. An additional factor in children’s mental health is the effect of levels of parental acceptance toward the child. Parental acceptance is a positive outcome that has been observed in previous studies conducted with Child-Parent Relationship Therapy (CPRT). There are many reported barriers to seeking treatment for mental health issues, including time, cost, distance, and access. Online therapies have been found to reduce or eliminate most barriers to treatment, and is a preferred format for certain populations. To date, however, there have been no studies conducted on whether CPRT is effective in increasing levels of parental acceptance in an online format. Eight participants from around the world completed the ten-week CPRT training in an online format. Levels of parental acceptance were measured by the Porter Parental Acceptance Scale (Porter, 1954; PPAS) in self-reported pre- and post-treatment assessments. A perception survey was also conducted to assess participants’ perception of the process of an online parent training format, including benefits and challenges. This mixed-methods study found that an online version of CPRT does significantly increase parental acceptance levels. Participants also reported positive perceptions of the online training format. Positive themes reported in the survey responses related to convenience, community, access, and user experience.

Abstract This research examines one three-generations' conceptions of the justification and educational effects of parental acceptance and rejection. The three-generations was comprised of 80-year-old lady, her 57-year-old daughter and 33-year-old granddaughter. Main interest of the research is to investigate those changes that can be found in grandmother's, mother's and daughter's ways of perceiving parental acceptance and rejection. In theoretical level of the research, constructively oriented child- and educational research and so called "empiric" social study are bridged. The research is a qualitative case study and its empirical data is collected by interviews. Three-generations, so called primary informants, are personally interviewed and interviewed all three being present at the same time. Geertz's interpretive basis are used as a theoretical basis for collecting and analysing the data. The actual research method of empirical data analysis has been Koski's method, which is based on Gadamer's hermeneutics. Results point out that the three-generations' conceptions of the justification of parental acceptance and rejection seem to be similar from one generation to another, but the women's speech of educational effects of acceptance and rejection includes more differences between generations. Results can partly be explained so that we can expect that behaviour in commonplace level often remains similar from one generation to another in spite of surrounding social trends. Accordingly, we can think that the speech of when a person has considered showing acceptance and rejection to a child acceptable in his/her behaviour, may remain similar from one generation to another because of its commonplace nature. Change in conceptions of the educational effects of acceptance and rejection may be explained by the aspect that the speech of educational effects detach itself from the level of commonplace behaviour, contrary to speech of justification. We can therefore assume that the abstract speech is affected by society's trends and educational atmosphere. / Tiivistelmä Tutkimuksessa tarkastellaan yhden sukupolvikolmikon käsityksiä lapseen kohdistettavan hyväksynnän ja torjunnan oikeutuksesta ja kasvatuksellisista vaikutuksista. Sukupolvikolmikon muodostavat 80-vuotias rouva, hänen 57-vuotias tyttärensä ja 33-vuotias tyttärentyttärensä. Ydinmielenkiinnon kohteena on kysymys siitä, millaisia muutoksia on havaittavissa sukupolvikolmikon isoäidin, äidin ja tyttären tavassa hahmottaa kotikasvatukseen liittyvä hyväksyntä ja torjunta. Teoreettisella tasolla tavoitteena on rakentaa siltaa "empiristisen" sosialisaatiotutkimuksen ja konstruktivistisesti orientoituneen lapsi- ja kasvatustutkimuksen välille. Tutkimus on otteeltaan laadullinen tapaustutkimus ja sen empiirinen aineisto on kerätty haastatteluin. Sukupolvikolmikkoa on haastateltu henkilökohtaisesti ja koko kolmikon ollessa yhtä aikaa läsnä. Haastatteluaineiston keruun ja analyysin teoreettisena pohjustuksena on käytetty Geertzin tulkinnallisia lähtökohtia. Varsinaisena metodina tutkimuksen empiirisen aineiston analysoinnissa on käytetty Kosken Gadamerin hermeneutiikasta eksplikoimaa menetelmää. Tutkimuksen tulokset osoittavat, että sukupolvikolmikon käsitykset hyväksynnän ja torjunnan oikeutuksesta näyttävät säilyneen samantapaisia sukupolvesta toiseen, mutta kolmikon puhe hyväksynnän ja torjunnan kasvatuksellisista vaikutuksista sisältää enemmän eroavaisuuksia sukupolvien kesken. Tulosta selittää osaltaan se, että voi olettaa käyttäytymisen siirtyvän usein arkipäivän tasolla melko samantapaisena sukupolvesta toiseen välittämättä paljonkaan ympäröivän ajan ja yhteiskunnan virtauksista. Voi siis ajatella, että myös puhe siitä, milloin henkilö on toiminnassaan pitänyt oikeutettuna hyväksynnän ja torjunnan osoittamista lapselle, voi arkipäiväisyytensä vuoksi säilyä samantapaisena sukupolvelta toiselle. Hyväksynnän ja torjunnan kasvatuksellisia vaikutuksia koskevien käsitysten muuttumista sukupolvesta toiseen saattaa selittää osaltaan se, että puhe kasvatuksellisista vaikutuksista liikkuu enemmän irti arkipäiväisen käyttäytymisen tasosta kuin puhe oikeutuksesta. Voi siis olettaa, että abstraktimpaan puheeseen vaikuttaa enemmän kulloisenkin yhteiskunnallisen ajan aatevirtaukset ja yhteiskunnallinen kasvatusilmapiiri.

Family acceptance is life-saving for transgender and gender expansive youth (TGEY) and is predictive of TGEY mental health (Olson, Durwood, DeMeules, & McLaughlin, 2016; Olson- Kennedy et al., 2016; Pariseau et al., 2019; Ryan, Huebner, Diaz, & Sanchez, 2009). Family related factors such as stress, minority stress factors, lack of knowledge, isolation, and gendered expectations may make it difficult for parents to support TGEY. Multifamily group services (MFGs) target parental behaviors, attitudes, and parental minority stress to increase family acceptance of TGEY (Malpas, Glaeser, & Giammattei, 2018). MFGs have yet to be quantitatively evaluated for their impact on parental behavior and attitude change and parental minority stress. Using a real-world effectiveness approach, this study proposed to expand the field by examining the relationship of MFGs on parental behavior and attitude change and parental minority stress over time. It was hypothesized that parents would increase their affirmative attitudes and behavior over time and that parental minority stress would decrease over time as based on MFG attendance. It was also hypothesized that parental attitudes and behaviors would predict parental minority stress toward TGEY after attending MFGs. Results suggest that hypotheses were partially supported as mothers increased affirmative behavior and attitudes throughout the intervention period, but fathers did not. For all caregivers, parental minority stress factors were predicted by affirmative behaviors and attitudes. Conclusions and implications are discussed.