Recently, plenty of public/large buildings have been completed and in commercial operation. These buildings utilized lots of large spaces, such as atria, so the visitors could enjoy the spacious and bright indoor environment. But, it is difficult to maintain tenable conditions within atria and large spaces in case of fire, and need to be studied systematically. In large space building, the smoke curtain, smoke storage, and smoke vent are major design concepts of the passive smoke management systems. In order to maintain tenable conditions in means of egress. In this research, the design and operation strategies of passive smoke management system in large space building will be analyzed. The full-scale hot smoke test can be performed to evaluate the temperature distribution of smoke layer and the smoke descending rate at ABRI large space fire lab in Tainan. It is anticipated that through the execution of this research project, the design concept developed in this study can be applied to improve the passive smoke management performance of in large space building in Taiwan.

Passive samplers are subject to a myriad of sources of uncertainty, which affect their precision and accuracy. To investigate this uncertainty, an evaluation of passive sampler data for SO2, NO2, O3, and H2S was carried out in the Lakeland Industry & Community Association in east-central Alberta from 2009 – 2011. The results of this study indicate that while passive sampler data followed the same general trend as continuous monitoring data, passive sampler data were often statistically different which strongly indicates they were not always accurate. Passive samplers are further limited by only providing a time weighted average of pollutant concentrations over the sampling period, which prevents determination of when or where a pollutant has exceeded regulatory limits. While passive samplers are useful in monitoring general changes in ambient air quality at low concentrations, this work strongly suggests that passive sampler data should not be used for regulatory monitoring.

Although the technology of integrated passives in power electronics has been receiving a lot of attention recently, behavior prediction of these integrated passive structures is still not on an acceptable level for widespread applications. A lot of work has been done recently on accurate electromagnetic modelling of these structures, but the complex models investigated are not practical for the average engineer in power electronics to apply, and integrated passives remain a subject of interest in research and academia, but very infrequently applied in industry. The aim of this dissertaion is to provide a bridge between the mathematical models currently being investigated, and circuit level behaviour prediction which may be used by practicing engineers to design power electronics circuits which make use of integrated passives. The history of integrated passives is first investigated, along with historical modelling techniques and their shortcomings. Two similar modern distributed circuit theory models are investigated and aspects of both are combined to form the model that is used as a mathematical foundation for this dissertation. This model is analysed, and some methods are proposed for integrating the resulting differential equations. A transformation is proposed for transforming the transmission network representa- tion of the structure, which results from integrating the differential equations, into a network of admittances, which may be used for applying the technique of nodal analysis to a circuit containing an integrated passive structure. This admittance network model is used to implement a frequency domain simulation model in a practical circuit simulator. i In the integration of the circuit differential equations, the method of modal analysis is applied. In this analysis a system of wave equations is derived and solved in the frequency domain. By applying the inverse fourier transform to these wave solutions it is found that the modal wave propogation is a simple time shift in the time domain for each propogating mode in lossless structures. Applying this observation a transient model is implemented in the circuit simulator for lossless integrated passive structures. Although this is limited to the lossless case, the simulator still appears to be giving good results. The zero voltage switching two inductor boost converter was then investigated to construct a case study for the simulator. The topology was analysed, and a design method found. A discrete converter was constucted to verify the analysis. The design of an integrated passive structure for this converter is then presented, and the simulation results show that the simulator may is robust enough to be applied to practical problems. The integrated converter could unfortunately not be constructed due to materials processing limitations, and thus the simulation result remain to be experimentally verified. The results do however closely match those predicted by the widely used lumped element models, apart from some high order effects. / Prof. I.W. Hofsajer

This project focusses on the design of a high speed passive delay line for use in a Feed Forward Equalizer (FFE). The FFE is used to equalize a 20 Gbp/s throughput PAM-4 signal after transmission through a 20-inch FR4 backplane channel. Inductor electromagnetic simulations are used to design an inductor for use in the passive delay line and a lumped element inductor model is presented. Measurement results show performance of the delay line at 10 GSym/s.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Hong Kong, 1998. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 306-323).

This thesis presents a comprehensive study into the passive thermal management of high-voltage power electronics converters for use in augmented grid assets capable of performing power routing on the electricity grid. The work has focused on the thermal transport of single-phase closed thermosiphon systems incorporating a secondary parallel flow path for cooling an additional, typically smaller, thermal load associated with the power electronics converters. Dual-loop thermosiphon passive thermal management systems were incorporated into a grounded compact dynamic phase angle regulator (GCD-PAR) that aimed to facilitate power routing and reduce line losses on the power grid. The power router utilizes power electronics that reject heat to a planar area, or cold plate, which must be cooled by an entirely passive system to comply with the minimum 30 year mean time between failures (MTBF) consistent with grid reliability requirements. This design includes a secondary-loop cooling path that utilizes the cooling oil already present in the transformer to also cool the power router. An analytical multi-physics thermosiphon model is developed that couples existing fluid dynamic and heat transfer correlations to create a description of the steady state operation of a specific cylindrical 50 kVA transformer augmented with a thermosiphon. The model is validated experimentally and found to solve for steady state baseplate temperatures under maximum load within 2°C in 0.1 seconds. The model is then modified for a specific rectilinear 1 MVA transformer augmented with three thermosiphons. The 1 MVA model is validated experimentally and found to solve for steady state baseplate temperatures under maximum load within 4 °C in 0.2 seconds. The analytical model proves to be accurate and solve quickly with various geometric configurations and thermal loads.

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published_or_final_version / Nursing Studies / Master / Master of Nursing

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