Dans le domaine spatial, la contamination moléculaire est un problème important pouvant affecter considérablement la performance des instruments embarqués. Selon l’environnement thermique, certaines molécules polluantes provenant du dégazage sous vide des matériaux constitutifs des satellites viennent en effet se déposer sur les surfaces sensibles telles que les optiques et les différents détecteurs. Grâce à leur structure microporeuse organisée qui leurs confère de remarquables capacités d’adsorption, les zéolithes sont des solides de choix pour minimiser les risques de pollution. Les pastilles, billes et peintures zéolithiques offrent plus précisément l’avantage d’être directement intégrées dans la structure interne des satellites, sont légères et non pulvérulentes. C’est pourquoi l’objectif de cette thèse est d’étudier la mise en forme de poudre zéolithique. Les propriétés mécaniques et les propriétés d’adsorption des objets obtenus seront étudiées pour confirmer leur utilisation dans le domaine du spatial.Au cours de ce travail, trois mises en forme ont été développées : les pastilles, les billes et les peintures zéolithiques. Les pastilles zéolithiques ont présenté des propriétés mécaniques très intéressantes, contrairement aux billes zéolithiques qui peuvent engendrer une contamination particulaire lors de la mise en orbite du satellite (vibrations). Les capacités d’adsorption de ces deux mises en forme sont satisfaisantes : des molécules telles que le n-hexane, le cyclohexane et le 3-méthylpentane y ont été adsorbées. Enfin, la première formulation de peinture zéolithique a conduit à des capacités d’adsorption correctes (diminution de 20 % due à la présence de liant) avec une adhésion (test ISO 2409) acceptable. Cette dernière mise en forme est une des nombreuses perspectives des travaux réalisés au cours de cette thèse. / In low earth orbit, global performances of satellites can be affected by the contamination of critical surfaces as optical devices and detectors. On-orbit molecular contamination is due to outgassed organic pollutants emanating from spacecraft materials. One way to reduce and to eliminate this phenomenon is the use of molecular adsorbents. Among them, zeolites appear to be relevant materials for contaminants retaining. Unlike common powder materials, zeolites films can also avoid the secondary dust contamination due to particles breeding and can be easily inserted in the satellite structure. As a consequence, this work deals with the shaping of zeolitic powder.Three shapes were developed during this work: pellets, beads and paints. Zeolitic pellets showed very interesting mechanical properties, on the contrary to zeolitic beads which can beget a particulate contamination (vibrations). The adsorption capacities of these two shapes are good: molecules such as n-hexane, cyclohexane and 3-methylpentane were adsorbed. Finally, the first formulation of a zeolitic paint was developed: a loss of 20 % of the adsorption capacities was observed (presence of binder). The adhesion (ISO 2409 test) was acceptable. This last shape is one of the many perspectives of this work.

Submitted by Maria Medeiros (maria.dilva1@ufcg.edu.br) on 2018-06-29T14:16:18Z No. of bitstreams: 1 ISIS TATIANE DE BARROS MACÊDO VELOSO - TESE (PPGCEMat) 2016.pdf: 3573054 bytes, checksum: bfcbdc962777a12887f4d94980048582 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-06-29T14:16:18Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 ISIS TATIANE DE BARROS MACÊDO VELOSO - TESE (PPGCEMat) 2016.pdf: 3573054 bytes, checksum: bfcbdc962777a12887f4d94980048582 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-06-30 / A reciclagem de vidros surge como alternativa ao impacto causado pelo seu descarte no meio ambiente, contribuindo para preservação dos recursos naturais, redução na emissão de gases e diminuição no volume dos aterros e lixões. O vidro pode ser infinitamente reciclado, sem que haja perda de massa ou de suas propriedades. Além disso, destaca-se pela sua beleza, por ser um dos poucos materiais capazes de refletir luz, cuja aplicação pode resultar em produtos de elevado apelo estético. Esta pesquisa tem como objetivo o desenvolvimento de pastilhas para revestimento pelo processo de reciclagem de resíduos de vidros sódico-cálcicos, a partir de estudos de tratamento térmico de fusão e recozimento. Inicialmente, os vidros foram separados por cor, triturados manualmente, distinguidos em diferentes granulometrias e acondicionados em moldes de concreto celular. Em seguida, foram submetidos a diferentes tratamentos térmicos, que resultaram na fusão e recozimento, este último processo para minimizar as tensões internas que fragilizam o vidro. Desta forma, buscou-se analisar a influência das granulometrias e dos tratamentos térmicos sobre os aspectos visuais das peças; os estudos dos materiais dos moldes e sua interação com o vidro, a desmoldabilidade e o acabamento das pastilhas; os equipamentos utilizados para a cominuição dos cacos de vidro. Como resultados, definiu-se o tratamento térmico quatro (TT4) para os vidros incolores e o tratamento térmico cinco (TT5) para os vidros coloridos (azul, âmbar, verde claro e verde escuro), em busca de obter peças de textura enrugada, aspecto vítreo e superfície brilhosa. Quanto ao tratamento térmico, as análises realizadas por microscopia óptica mostraram a eliminação das tensões internas que fragilizam o vidro, assim como o teste de impacto demonstrou uma maior resistência ao choque para amostras com recozimento, comprovando, assim, sua eficácia. Quanto à viabilidade de produção, os resultados demonstraram que as pastilhas são passíveis de serem confeccionadas pelo grupo CAVI, em escala artesanal, utilizando tecnologias e recursos acessíveis ao grupo, numa perspectiva de tecnologia social. / Glass recycling is an alternative to the impact caused by its disposal in environment, contributing to preservation of natural resources, reduction in gas emissions and decrease in volume of landfills and dumps. Glass can be recycled endlessly without any loss of mass or its properties. In addition, stands out for its beauty, for being one of few materials capable of reflecting light, the implementation of which may result in high aesthetic appeal products. This research aims to develop glass pastilles for coatings by recycling process of sodium-calcium glass residues, from heat treatment studies of melting and annealing. Initially, glasses were separated by color, manually grinded, distinguished into different granulometries and conditioned in cellular concrete molds. Then were subjected to different heat treatments, which resulted in melting and annealing, the latter process to minimize the internal tensions that weaken glass. Thus, it sought to analyze the influence of grain size and thermal treatments of visual aspects of the pieces; studies of materials of molds and their interaction with glass, demoldability and finish of the tablets; equipment used for comminution of the glass. As a result, it defined the heat treatment four (TT4) for colorless glass and heat treatment five (TT5) for tinted (blue, amber, light green, dark green) in seeking to obtain pieces of wrinkled texture, glassy and glossy surface. About heat treatment, the analysis performed by optical microscopy showed elimination of internal stresses which weaken the glass, and impact test showed a greater shock resistance for samples annealed, confirming thus its effectiveness. As for viability of production, results showed that pastilles are likely to be made by CAVI group, artisanal scale, using technologies and resources accessible to the group, in a perspective of social technology.