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This two-part study of the criminal investigation process first evaluated the frequency with which patrol officers solve cases assigned to the investigations division and then examined how detectives spent their time, both on case assignments and on other activity not related to current case assignment. Cases assigned to the investigations division for follow up were examined to determine how often a case was cleared by the patrol officer. The detective's time was then evaluated in order to determine how much time detectives spent on investigative tasks and other activities. This study confirms that the patrol officer should be given more time to conduct preliminary investigations for specific cases, and that tasks performed by detectives could be shifted to other personnel in the department. Both actions should serve to positively impact case clearance rates.

Uniformed presences are thought to create feelings of safety in people. However, do different uniformed people contribute to the same amount of safety and are there differences dependent on the situation? The present study examined the association between various types of uniformed presence and people’s feelings of safety through a questionnaire among 352 respondents (18-86 years) (49.1 % women). The questionnaire contained pictures of relatively safe and unsafe situations with or without uniformed presence. The respondents estimated how safe they thought they would feel in these situations with and without two police officers, six police officers, a police car, two security guards, or two police volunteers. The results showed that uniformed presence does not increase feelings of safety in an already relatively safe situation, making patrol unnecessary. In relatively unsafe situations however, all types of uniformed presence increase feelings of safety. Foot patrolling police increased feelings of safety the most. Security guards and police volunteers created approximately the same amount of safety; making police volunteers a cost-effective alternative, although some situation, gender and age differences were found. All types of foot patrol were better than vehicle patrol (with some gender differences), making non-police groups an alternative to vehicle patrol.

The U.S. Southwest Border is associated with highly politicized topics, yet the lived experience of Border Patrol agents is not one of them. Border Patrol agents face risks to their personal safety and security as they attempt to safeguard the national security of the United States while implementing the policies of their organization, which are sometimes at odds with the beliefs and expectations of agents in the field. The purpose of this phenomenological study was to explore perceptions and lived experiences related to the threats and dangers that Border Patrol agents face as they protect the U.S. Southwest Border. The theoretical framework for this study involved McGregor's organizational behavior theory, Janis's groupthink theory, and the bureaucratic dissonance phenomenon. Data collected through semistructured interviews of 11 former Border Patrol agents with direct experience working along the U.S. Southwest Border were inductively coded and subjected to a thematic analysis procedure. On-duty risks, emotional toll, lack of community support, and separation from family are among the stressors for members of this profession. The key findings regarding threats and dangers included: perceived manpower shortage, fear of assaults, the very nature of the job, political and presidential administration conflicts, and lack of mobility (location and career advancements). The recommendations call for greater policy-and decision-maker understanding of the stresses and conflicts facing Border Patrol agents, which could effect positive social change by encouraging policies and regulations to improve job safety and security, and to inform training programs. The promulgation of the findings may contribute to improvements of the morale and safety of Border Patrol agents and enhance security of the United States.

published_or_final_version / Politics and Public Administration / Master / Master of Public Administration

Taiwan, surrounded by sea and rich in marine resources, is one of the most important fishery states in the world. Fishery activity, one of the ways for humans to obtain food, provides jobs and economic benefits for fishery personnel. Plentiful fishing resources given from the nature have been considered to be unlimited for a long time. However, with the spread of fishery knowledge and the promotion of techniques, unrestrained fishing and damaged fishery environment have caused exhausted crisis to fishing resources. It is finally recognized by humans that marine resources are not inexhaustible. Hence, humans should take necessary measures to conserve and manage fishing resources in order to utilize fishing resources sustainably. After the approval of UNCLOS in 1982, coastal states have the rights and bear the obligations to manage and utilize the fishing resources in the waters under their jurisdiction. UNCLOS itself is also the norm of management in maritime fishing resources. Owing to international responsibility, Taiwan not only signs agreements with other states and fishery organizations proactively, but also revises domestic fishery laws and regulations to implement the conventions. Taking necessary management measures is insufficient for the conservation of fishing resources that the maritime law enforcement needs to be strengthened. Consequently, illegal fishing activities can be clamped down and fishing resources can be conserved as well. Recently, the security of fishermen working in our sea area is under threat due to escalated fishing activities violating to the regulation, increased fishing boats from mainland China crossing the boundary, and disputes among neighboring countries on the overlap areas of EEZ. For growing emphasis on the conservation and management of fishery resources, this study will analyze the legal system of fishing resources conservation and inspect the situations of law enforcement by the fishery and coast guard authorities. Moreover, advanced steps will be discussed to provide suggestions to improve the law enforcement system and conserve maritime fishing resources under considerations of important fishery states¡¦ management and law enforcement measures.

Time has changed. The police can no longer take it for granted that they can conduct ¡§household investigation¡¨ simply on the basis of the 9th article of Police Law. After lifting of the martial law in July 15, 1987, Taiwan government observed its constitution and instituted a new system, Police House Visitation Practice, by the Interior Ministry to continue the practice of monitoring its citizenry. However, the 5th and 6th articles of this law which stipulated the citizens¡¦ obligations and penalties were apparently in violation of a higher law, Administrative Procedure Law. In particular they are against the 150th and the 158th articles of Administrative Procedure Law which maintains that acts or regulations should have their bases on law and should not against the spirit of this law (150th article) and these acts and regulation should be nullified if they have no basis of law and they infringe the rights and freedom of movement of its citizenry (158th article). Based on these principles, the 9th article of Police Act was therefore abolished by the Interior Ministry in October 31, 2000. In July of 2007, the 1st item of the 11th article of Police Operation Practice was amended and specifies that: ¡§The Interior Ministry should stipulate the policies for police officers in their beats to visit households, to provide service, to investigate and to maintain the social order.¡¨ The 60-year practice of police ¡§household investigation¡¨ becomes a history. Household investigation is no long the main theme of police activities, instead other major functions such as crime prevention, service and social security survey are the main focuses of police operations. This study examines and evaluates the soundness of police beat investigation from the perspectives of the basic theories of administrative law including five (5) major frameworks of administration: principles, organizations, authorities, remedies and supervision. This study also seeks to identify the potential problems and discuss the feasible remedies for any deficiency of this act. And finally policymakers can make good use of the findings and recommendations of this study to enact sound police polices to promote and protect the well-being of their constituents.

Thesis (M.S. in Operations Research)--Naval Postgraduate School, September 2003. / Thesis advisor(s): Arnold H. Buss, David A. Schrady. Includes bibliographical references (p. 107-108). Also available online.

Thesis (M.A.) - Carleton University, 2006. / Includes bibliographical references (p. 126-131). Also available in electronic format on the Internet.

Thesis(M.S.)--Auburn University, 2007. / Abstract. Includes bibliographic references (p.69-70).