This thesis is a study on how Mutanda Eco-Community   Centre (MECC) in the south western part of Uganda can harness the solar   energy at their disposal using photovoltaic as compared to the using of   conventional energies in producing the needed electricity at the centre and   the impacts on climate change. Since the centre is used in education on   climate change mitigation and adaptation measures, it is expected that   anything the centre does or uses with regards to energy ought to come from   renewable sources such as wind, solar, thermal and biomass. Electricity has   been a great challenge because there is no access to the national electricity   grid. Since there is much abundance of solar irradiation in the entire   country, solar poses as a potential sustainable energy since it is a   renewable energy and has the greatest environmental benefits. The objective   is in two categories: to determine how feasible the photovoltaic technology   is in Kisoro and its application at MECC and to analyse the effects on   climate change with comparison with non-renewable sources of energy. To   determine the above, both qualitative and quantitative methods were used.   Results from the studies through the use of simulation method (PVGIS-5)   indicate that Kisoro, where the centre is located, has solar irradiation to   harness due to Uganda´s geographical location on the equator. Findings   revealed there are feasible governmental and private policies, market for PVs   systems, enough players in the Sector and the willingness of the people to   adopt and use solar energy, and its markets economic studies do reveal to be   the indicators for the feasibility of the technology in Kisoro. Corrections   of a few bottlenecks will increase the adoption rate of the photovoltaic   systems. An investment of 85,000, 000 UGX will aid a financial benefit of   4,569.40 UGX per each kWh of electricity generated with 3.1years of Energy   Payback Time and will prevent environmental pollution when compared with   non-renewable energy. Climatic effects are minimal as compared to the other   sources of energy. This greenhouse gases emission comes during the production   of the PVs, modules and systems. The usage of solar technology possesses a   lot of advantages. It is an unlimited source of energy; its maximum usage   reduces carbon dioxide emissions. International conflicts of ownership of   source of conventional energies are reduced and solar power creates energy   security and dependency. / <p>2018-12-07</p>

This diploma thesis is focused on several variants of original outside swimming pool in the town of Zábřeh for various variants of reconstruction from the point of view of the use of swimming pool material used in the territory of the Czech Republic. In the theoretical part are described structural factors of swimming pools from various points of view, as well as economic and investment analyses and factors. The practical part of this diploma thesis is mainly aimed to compare the prices. The comparison is based on the budget of reconstructions and possible investment return.

The subject of this thesis is the analysis of the evaluation of a construction unit by reducing its energy intensity. The first part of the thesis is dealing with the theoretical explanation of the basic concepts that are necessary for understanding of the dealt problem. The next part is dealing with the methodics of calculation of a building energy efficiency, determination of market prices of the property by general methodology, solution of the budgets of the reconstruction possibilities and determination of payback time of the investment into the reconstructions. The result of the thesis is the summary of all the outputs into the detailed table with comments.

Today, a large proportion of the world's plenteous offshore natural gas resource are stranded, flared or re-injected due to constraints pertaining to its utilisation. The major constraint in the utilisation of this resource is linked to its properties, which makes it difficult to transport or store. Although the resource presents an excellent opportunity for the Gas-to-Liquid (GTL) technology (process for converting natural gas into high energy liquid fuels with qualities that surpass the most stringent current and future clean-fuel requirements), the further processing of this resource is still impeded by high cost of transportation. However, it is believed that the emerging Floating GTL concept could offer superb opportunities to bring such offshore stranded natural gas reserves to markets by converting the gas into high quality liquid fuels, at the production sites, before it is transported using conventional oil tankers or vessels. But the question is: can this venture be profitable or economically viable? In response, an Economic Model (the EV Model) to review the economic viability of the Floating GTL option was developed. Analyses on technical and economical aspects of the floating GTL application offshore are presented with case studies on Syntroleum's and Statoil's floating GTL designs. Profitability analyses were conducted using the EV model to evaluate economic parameters such as Net Present Value (NPV), Internal Rate of Return (IRR), Discounted PayBack Period (DPBP), Profitability index (PI), Break-Even Analysis (BEA) and Scale Economies for some assumed case scenarios involving both designs. In addition, sensitivity analyses were also carried out to find the most sensitive parameters which affect the viability of the floating GTL option. The economic analyses revealed that, a modest feedstock cost (~0 - $3/MSCF), high crude oil price (that stays above $30 per barrel) and reduction trend in capital expenditure (for stand alone Floating GTL plant) up to $20,00O/BPD or lower in the next few years, will open windows for the floating GTL concept. Finally, the energy policy needed to achieve the capitalisation of the plenteous offshore stranded gas resource via floating GTL is also discussed. / Thesis (M.Ing. (Development and Management))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2007.

Thesis (M.Ing. (Development and Management))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2007.

Baigiamajame magistro darbe nagrinėjamos decentralizuoto (paskirstytojo) generavimo ir atsinaujinančių energijos išteklių panaudojimo sprendimai, aprūpinant pastatą įvairia energija – šiluma, vėsa, karštu vandeniu, elektra. Energija aprūpinama panaudojant tokius įrenginius – kogeneratorių, kompresorinę ir absorbcinę šaldymo mašinas, saulės kolektorius, dujinį katilą. Apibūdinami pasirinkti įrenginiai, jų veikimo principai, savybės, atskleidžiami jų privalumai ir trūkumai. Parengiamos trys alternatyvių variantų principinės energijos sistemų schemos, suformuotos iš minėtų įrenginių derinių. Pristatomi šių alternatyvių įvairios eneregijos gaminimo variantų galios ir energijos kiekių rodikliai. Parenkamas optimalus naujų technologijų derinys. Alternatyvių variantų ekonominis pagrįstumas įvertinamas, parenkant optimalų energijos generatorių derinį atsižvelgiant į jų bendrą atsiperkamumą. Apibendrinus teorines žinias ir gautus skaičiavimo rezultatus, pateikiamos baigiamojo darbo išvados ir pasiūlymai. Darbą sudaro 6 dalys: įvadas, teorin�� dalis, analizinė dalis, ekonominė dalis, išvados ir pasiūlymai, literatūros sąrašas. Darbo apimtis – 61 psl. teksto be priedų, 34 iliustr., 11 lent., 46 literatūros šaltiniai. Atskirai pridedami darbo priedai. / Solutions of decentralized (distributed) production and application of renewable energy sources in the case of different energy - like heating, cooling, hot water, electricity - supply for a building were analyzed in the final master thesis work. Energy supply sources are cogenerator, compressor and absorption cooling machines, solar collectors, gas boiler. Selected devices, their principles of work, characteristics, their advantages and disadvantages were described. Three schemes of principal energy system alternative were described, using combinations of devices mentioned above. Power and energy amount indexes of different energy generating alternatives were specified. The optimal combinations of new technologies were selected. After the optimal combination of energy generating system was done, economical validity of alternatives were estimated taking into account their total payback time. After theory and received results were summarized, the conclusions and suggestions were presented in the end of the final master work. Work consists of 6 parts: introduction, theory, analysis part, economical part, conclusions and suggestions, literature source. Size of Work: 61 pages of text excluding the appendixes, 34 pictures, 11 tables, 46 literature sources. Appendixes of the work are attached separately.

Today, a large proportion of the world's plenteous offshore natural gas resource are stranded, flared or re-injected due to constraints pertaining to its utilisation. The major constraint in the utilisation of this resource is linked to its properties, which makes it difficult to transport or store. Although the resource presents an excellent opportunity for the Gas-to-Liquid (GTL) technology (process for converting natural gas into high energy liquid fuels with qualities that surpass the most stringent current and future clean-fuel requirements), the further processing of this resource is still impeded by high cost of transportation. However, it is believed that the emerging Floating GTL concept could offer superb opportunities to bring such offshore stranded natural gas reserves to markets by converting the gas into high quality liquid fuels, at the production sites, before it is transported using conventional oil tankers or vessels. But the question is: can this venture be profitable or economically viable? In response, an Economic Model (the EV Model) to review the economic viability of the Floating GTL option was developed. Analyses on technical and economical aspects of the floating GTL application offshore are presented with case studies on Syntroleum's and Statoil's floating GTL designs. Profitability analyses were conducted using the EV model to evaluate economic parameters such as Net Present Value (NPV), Internal Rate of Return (IRR), Discounted PayBack Period (DPBP), Profitability index (PI), Break-Even Analysis (BEA) and Scale Economies for some assumed case scenarios involving both designs. In addition, sensitivity analyses were also carried out to find the most sensitive parameters which affect the viability of the floating GTL option. The economic analyses revealed that, a modest feedstock cost (~0 - $3/MSCF), high crude oil price (that stays above $30 per barrel) and reduction trend in capital expenditure (for stand alone Floating GTL plant) up to $20,00O/BPD or lower in the next few years, will open windows for the floating GTL concept. Finally, the energy policy needed to achieve the capitalisation of the plenteous offshore stranded gas resource via floating GTL is also discussed. / Thesis (M.Ing. (Development and Management))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2007.

This Master´s thesis deals with the analysis of the effectiveness of ventilation systems. The key concept of the thesis is HVAC system in buildings with low energy demand. In the most comprehensive chapter are some concepts clarified: air tightness, ventilation, air conditioning, heating and hot water preparation. The aim of the thesis is to define passive house in terms of acquisition and operating costs, including the ventilation system and to make comparison with systems applied in conventional construction with focusing on assessment of effectiveness of ventilation equipment.

To be able to mitigate the climate change and disasters that will come with it and to ensure economic growth, there is a need for change. A good start is more renewable energy and less harmful emissions. It is known that solar energy is sustainable and made from an endless source, the sun. However, it is not known how much impact the photovoltaic solar panels have through its entire lifecycle, from extraction of raw materials to End of Life management. This study has investigated photovoltaic solar panels' full life cycle to see how sustainable they really are. Including where the biggest opportunities for improvement of environmental, financial and social sustainability within the value chain is found. The results have been obtained by conducting a literature study, interviews with people with expertise of different parts of the value chain and finally calculations have been made to compare and visualize the findings. Two main ways to improve the PV panels’ negative impact in terms of environmental, financial and social sustainability have been established. Firstly, the study suggests the importance of implementing advanced recycling within the value chain. Recycling a high percentage of materials in the PV panel, and reusing the recovered material in production will decrease the energy consumption and harmful emissions significantly, alongside increasing circularity of critical materials and bring both financial and social benefits. Secondly, moving the better part of the production to Europe from China would also decrease the negative impact of the PV panels, especially the environmental and social impact, the study could however not find sufficiently good arguments for financial improvement to move the production to Europe. To be conclusive, this subject would need further studies. / För att kunna lindra klimatförändringar och de medföljande katastroferna och säkerställa den ekonomiska tillväxten finns det ett stort behov av förändring. En bra start är att använda mer förnybar energi och som bidrar till färre skadliga utsläpp. Det är känt att solenergi är hållbart med bränsle från en oändlig källa, solen. Det är emellertid inte känt hur stor påverkan solcellspanelerna har under hela dess livscykel, från utvinning av råvaror till dess panelens liv är över. Denna studie har undersökt solcellspanelernas hela livscykel för att se hur hållbara de egentligen är. Studien har även studerat var de största möjligheterna för förbättring av miljömässig, finansiell och social hållbarhet inom värdekedjan finns. Resultaten har erhållits genom att genomföra en litteraturstudie, intervjuer av personer med expertis inom olika delar av värdekedjan och slutligen har beräkningar gjorts för att jämföra och visualisera resultaten. Två huvudsakliga sätt att förbättra solpanelernas negativa påverkan när det gäller miljömässig, ekonomisk och social hållbarhet har identifierats. För det första föreslår studien vikten av att implementera avancerad återvinning inom värdekedjan. Återvinning av en hög andel material i solcellspanelen och återanvändning av det återvunna materialet i produktionen kommer att minska energiförbrukningen och skadliga utsläpp avsevärt samt förbättra cirkuläriteten av kritiska material och medföra både ekonomiska och sociala fördelar. För det andra skulle förflyttning av den större delen av produktionen till Europa från Kina också minska de negativa effekterna av solcellspaneler, särskilt de miljömässiga och sociala effekterna, studien kunde dock inte hitta tillräckligt med goda argument för att en förflyttning av produktionen till Europa skulle leda till en ekonomisk förbättring. För att detta ska vara avgörande skulle detta ämne behöva ytterligare studier.

The aim of this diploma thesis is to theoretically, practically and experimentally explore different ways of waste heat utilization in the building industry. The work is divided into three basic passages. In the first part I analyze the theoretical nature of the various physical processes in recovery and is there a practical use. More emphasis is placed on heat recovery from wastewater, as I am using this way of recuperation in other parts of this diploma thesis. In the second point, I apply the use of heat from waste water when designing a technical solu-tion for the reconstruction of the heating system of the clinic. The design is solved in two variants. The first suggested location lokali- them, recuperative, shower exchanger operation rehabilitation, bath and massage. In the second variant, central recovery is envisaged using a heat exchanger in the accumulator well and water-water heat pump. Based on the technical and economic evaluation, the first option was selected. The second variant is ineffective and remains only in the case study. In the last section, I experimentally investigate the thermal efficiency and the relative savings of the heat exchanger, which is designed in the first variant of the second part. Measurement, processing of results and evaluation I made for laboratory conditions and for real conditions with the showering person. Finally, I appreciate the eco-nomic benefits of this facility.