This study examines the use of SS7 signaling system over IP networks by using the open source PBX YATE. At first it starts with describing the SS7 followed by an explanation of the function of each of its levels and the messages that are used within the SS7 network. The study then sheds some light on the ways of using SS7 inside IP network with the use of some protocols. It also discusses the architecture of YATE and its files, and how it is installed in Linux operating system. Finally, it describes the important files for delivering this task. The study was commenced by using two virtual machines that have two different open source PBX's which are YATE and Asterisk, and after acquiring some results by establishing communication between them via the means of SIP trunk, furthermore the study was extended to the laboratory in order to test it over real servers that have TDM cards, in order to apply the study by the means of SS7 protocols, SIGTRAN, MGCP gateway and SIP-T. The experiments have almost delivered successful communications after conducting a configuration for the files on multiple sides.

Användandet av IP-telefoni har de senaste åren ökat och marknaden förutspås fortsätta att växa globalt. Många vill ta del av de fördelar som den nya tekniken har i form av ny funktionalitet och minskade kostnader. Men att migrera telefoni till datanät medför både nya möjligheter men också nya utmaningar. I den här rapporten undersöks hur Asterisk kan användas som ett bra IP-PBX alternativ. Rapporten behandlar även säkerheten i att ansluta ett system med Asterisk till internet genom intrusionstester som utförs på systemet i grundkonfiguration. Dessa tester resulterar i rekommendationer om hur systemet kan konfigureras för att hålla en hög säkerhetsnivå. / The usage of IP-telephony has increased in recent past and the market is expected to continue to grow globally. Many want to take part in the advantages that the new technology brings in form of functionality and reduced costs. But to migrate telephony to data networks brings both new possibilities but also new challenges. This report examines how Asterisk can be used as a good IP-PBX alternative. The report also addresses the security aspect of connecting a system based on Asterisk to the internet through conducting intrusion tests on the system in standard configuration. These tests result in recommendations on how the system can be configured to keep a high security standard.

This diploma thesis focuses on development of graphical user interface for managing IVR applications. The work is more software oriented, it analyzes current state of the iPBX product belonging to the IPEX a.s. company, describes used technologies and introduces new concept of interactive user interface for generating IVR diagrams together with Asterisk dial plan generator.

This thesis describes architecture of IMS and shows possibilities of IMS platform testing. Theoretical part describes layer model of the IMS as a whole and then describes it’s individual layers. Next chapters analyse key entities of the IMS, interconnection between reference points and features of protocols used in the IMS. Practical part deals with the introduction of Open IMS Core, which was chosen for the IMS technology testing. Settings necessary to carry out testing and interconnection between PBX Asterisk are shown in next chapters. After introduction of IMS desktop clients is carried out an instant messaging communication within the IMS network. The communication is captured and analysed by Wireshark application. Afterwards there is described how SIP protocol sends messages within the IMS. After a brief introduction to the PBX Asterisk, there are discussed assumptions for the interconnection between Asterisk and IMS. There are also described necessary settings needed for implementation and communication testing itself. The first test is an audio session carried out between the desktop IMS client and IP phone registered to the PBX Asterisk. Communication is captured for the analysis of preparation, conduction and termination of the session. After the successful realization of the audio call, video session has been made. The session was analysed in detail, including statistics of control signals and transmitted packets. There are two laboratory excercises in attachement of this thesis, which will help students to understand the IMS technology and communication options within the IMS network

The diploma thesis deals with the system OpenWRT. Installing this system on the router Siemens Gigaset SX762. Describes how to compile and upload the simple package helloworld into this system. The package was tasked invitation simple phrase "Hello World" to the system console of OpenWRT. Package only serve to show that the system OpenWRT allows users to customize it according to their needs. After that it was installed PBX Asterisk into the system OpenWRT. Proper functioning of PBX Asterisk has been verified to make a call between two software phones ZoiPer. Furthermore, the work described telephony application programming interface (TAPI). Some of its fun- ctions, interfaces and packages needed to communicate with the system OpenWRT. In conclusion, the presented test topology and verify the operation of making calls between analog as well as softphones.

Open source PBX Kamailio and OpenSIPS diploma thesis covers familiarization with appointed SIP exchanges and with their power comparing. A detailed installation instructions on the operating system Ubuntu is the aim of this work too. The work includes the historical development of telephone exchanges with a focus on the latest generation. The following is SIP protocol basic description and components that can be composed SIP exchanges. Another part is devoted to the development of exchanges Kamailio and OpenSIPS. The thesis contain the archutecture and configuration file description. The practical part of the thesis deals with high-capacity switches, and comparing it in terms of memory and computational demands. Selected measurements are compared with the Asterisk PBX.

The increased use of computer networks has lead to the adoption of Internet-based solutions for reducing telephony costs. This has proved to be a boon to callers who can reach the other party directly via the Internet. Unfortunately numerous business persons still need to call to and from mobile phones which are currently a domain where the customers are generally tightly bound to their operators. To provide a simple solution to this problem for companies, Opticall AB has designed an integrated system called the Dial over Data solution, coupling a mobile interface with a low-rate communication channel, which allows calls to be originated remotely at the best price, exploiting the customer company's existing network. This scheme allows the customer company to easily control telecommunications costs, to monitor their employees' efficiency, and more generally speaking to claim a central role in the communications of their employees. The proposed solution allows distant callers (usually employees of the customer company) to benefit from the company's internal network, which is usually more cost effective and offering connectivity to more networks than a cell phone. The Dial over Data solution enables communication between any phone accessible from the customer company's telephony network (such as SIP clients, landline phones, and mobile phones) at a lower cost.</p> This thesis project analyzes existing technologies and compares them to the pre-existing prototype to ascertain the validity of the method and of the components used. This project also explains the improvements brought to the features offered by the DoD solution: the initial prototype has been developed into a stable and functional product, and has been tested internally. Prompted by a need for scalability and additional features, the replacement of Asterisk for the handling of SIP calls by other SIP servers has also been considered and tested. / Den nuvarande ökningen av datanätverk har lett till adoptionen av Internetbaserade lösningar för att förminskar kostnader inom telefoni. Tyvärr behöver åtskilliga affärsmän fortfarande ringa till och ifrån mobiler som återstår som ett område där kunderna är fastkedjade till deras operatörer. För att tillföra en enkel lösning till detta problem för kundföretag har Opticall AB planlagt ett integrerat system som kallas Dial over Data som kopplar ihop ett mobilt gränssnitt, med en billig kommunikationsmedel, som tillåter telefonsamtal påbörjas avlägset på det billigaste priset tack vare företagets nätverk. Det ger möjligheten till kundföretaget att vara centralt för sina personals kommunikationer. Det medger ett enkelt sätt att kontrollera kostnader samt övervaka personalens effektivitet. Den Dial over Data lösningen är en lösning som tillåter avlägsen besökarna med kundföretagets inre nätverk kommer att dra nytta av eftersom det är mer kostnadseffektiv och flexibel än en blott mobiltelefon. Denna möjliggör kommunikation mellan SIP-klienter, fast telefoni och mobiltelefoni för en lägre kostnad till företaget utan att framkalla besvär för sina anställda. Konnektiviteten till företagets inre nätverk samt en låg besvärlighetsnivå är garanterade respektive genom konfigurationsförmågan av produkten och ett praktiskt gränssnitt som är redo för korporativkontaktlistor och visar alla informationen som är relevanta till förbrukarnas erfarenhet.</p> Det här avhandlingsprojektet analyserar existerande teknologier och sätter dem i relation till den sedan tidigare framtagna prototypen för att utröna validiteten hos metoden och beståndsdelar. Projektet förklarar även de förbättringar som gjorts till de egenskaper som erbjuds av DOD-lösningen: prototypen har utvecklats till en stabil och funktionell produkt och har testats internt. Driven av behovet för skalabilitet och ytterligare egenskaper har ersättandet av Asterisk för hantering av SIP samtal av andra SIP servers övervägts och testats.

Yes / It is now well established that the tumor microenvironment plays an essential role in the survival, growth, invasion, and spread of cancer through the regulation of angiogenesis and localized immune responses. This review examines the role of the HOX genes, which encode a family of homeodomain-containing transcription factors, in the interaction between prostate tumors and their microenvironment. Previous studies have established that HOX genes have an important function in prostate cancer cell survival in vitro and in vivo, but there is also evidence that HOX proteins regulate the expression of genes in the cancer cell that influence the tumor microenvironment, and that cells in the microenvironment likewise express HOX genes that confer a tumor-supportive function. Here we provide an overview of these studies that, taken together, indicate that the HOX genes help mediate cross talk between prostate tumors and their microenvironment.

Yes / Background: High HOX gene expression has been described in many cancers, including oral squamous cell carcinoma and the functional roles of these genes are gradually being understood. The pattern of overexpression suggests that inhibition may be useful therapeutically. Inhibition of HOX protein binding to PBX cofactors by the use of synthetic peptides, such as HXR9, results in apoptosis in multiple cancers. Methods: Activity of the HOX-PBX inhibiting peptide HXR9 was tested in immortalised normal oral (NOK), potentially-malignant (PMOL) and squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) cells, compared to the inactive peptide CXR9. Cytotoxicity was assessed by LDH assay. Expression of PBX1/2 and c-Fos was assessed by qPCR and western blotting. Apoptosis was assessed by Annexin-V assay. Results: PMOL and OSCC cells expressed PBX1/2. HOX-PBX inhibition by HXR9 caused death of PMOL and OSCC cells, but not NOKs. HXR9 treatment resulted in apoptosis and increased expression of c-Fos in some cells, whereas CXR9 did not. A correlation was observed between HOX expression and resistance to HXR9. Conclusion: Inhibition of HOX-PBX interactions causes selective apoptosis of OSCC/PMOL, indicating selective toxicity that may be useful clinically. / Intercalated Degree Scholarship from the Harry Bottom Trust; scholarship by Becas Chile, Comisión Nacional de Investigación Científica y Tecnológica de Chile (CONICYT), Grant 72160041

Indoor wireless communication systems are becoming increasingly prevalent in work environments. The need to quickly and efficiently provide in-building and microcellular coverage without sacrificing quality is critical to cellular and emerging personal communication system (PCS) operators. Traditionally, indoor wireless communication system design has been carried out by human experts relying on experience to determine a satisfactory system configuration. This thesis describes the algorithms and technical considerations implemented in a comprehensive propagation planning tool, SMT Plus, which has been designed to predict the coverage regions of both in-building and microcellular wireless communication systems. The goal of SMT Plus is to provide both wireless service providers and equipment manufacturers with an efficient, easy-to-use coverage prediction tool for use in the design of any indoor or campus-wide wireless system. Using site-specific building information combined with on-site signal strength measurements, the tool provides system planners with a highly accurate model of the propagation environment among a group of buildings. SMT Plus provides a comprehensive solution to the planning and installation of wireless communication systems in and around buildings. / Master of Science