Submitted by Fabio Sobreira Campos da Costa (fabio.sobreira@ufpe.br) on 2016-12-01T13:53:49Z No. of bitstreams: 3 license_rdf: 1232 bytes, checksum: 66e71c371cc565284e70f40736c94386 (MD5) Dissertação - Bruna Araújo - UFPE - Engenharia Mineral - PDF.pdf: 3151668 bytes, checksum: a121d6d952bc1cdd6707e1998fac990c (MD5) Dissertação - Bruna Araújo - UFPE - Engenharia Mineral - PDF.pdf: 3151668 bytes, checksum: a121d6d952bc1cdd6707e1998fac990c (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-12-01T13:53:49Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 3 license_rdf: 1232 bytes, checksum: 66e71c371cc565284e70f40736c94386 (MD5) Dissertação - Bruna Araújo - UFPE - Engenharia Mineral - PDF.pdf: 3151668 bytes, checksum: a121d6d952bc1cdd6707e1998fac990c (MD5) Dissertação - Bruna Araújo - UFPE - Engenharia Mineral - PDF.pdf: 3151668 bytes, checksum: a121d6d952bc1cdd6707e1998fac990c (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-02-29 / A análise dos concentrados metálicos originários de rochas pegmatíticas contribui com o conhecimento acerca das características físicoquímicas desses minerais e com a avaliação da eficiência do processo de separação gravimétrica realizado para obtenção dos concentrados. Além disso, a confirmação da presença de elementos raros nestas rochas é fator positivo para a melhoria das condições socioeconômicas das populações do semiárido nordestino, além de colaborar com as pesquisas de viabilidade para uma posterior extração metalúrgica e com uma exploração mineral planejada e integral. Para caracterizar os concentrados metálicos dos pegmatitos Facheiro I e Mina Velha, foram analisadas amostras por difratometria de Raios-X, fluorescência de Raios-X, microscopia eletrônica de varredura e espectrometria por energia dispersiva. O trabalho apresenta e discute os resultados obtidos, que confirmaram a presença significativa de grupos minerais importantes como o grupo-columbita, além de apontar a possível presença de metais de aplicação nobre e Elementos Terras Raras. Foi proposta a discussão, em breve panorama, acerca dos impactos socioeconômicos e ambientais das atividades de mineração no semiárido, ressaltando a necessidade de um desenvolvimento nas dimensões da sustentabilidade econômica, social e ambiental. / The analysis of the concentrated metals originated from pegmatitic rocks contributes with the knowledge about the physico-chemical characteristics of these minerals and with the evaluation of the effectiveness of the gravimetric separation process carried out to obtain them. In addition, the confirmation of the presence of rare elements in these rocks is a positive factor for improving the socioeconomic conditions of populations in the northeastern semiarid, as well as for collaborating with feasibility studies for subsequent metallurgical extraction and with a planned and integral mineral exploration. For characterizing the concentrated metals of Facheiro I and Mina Velha pegmatitics, it has been analyzed samples by X-ray diffraction, X-ray fluorescence, scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive spectrometry. The research shows and discusses the obtained results which have confirmed the significant presence of important mineral groups such as the columbite-group, besides indicating the possible presence of noble metals and Rare Earth Elements. It has been proposed, in brief overview, the discussion about the socioeconomic and environmental impacts of mining activities in the semiarid region, emphasizing the need for a further development of economic sustainability, social and environmental dimensions.

Les pegmatites à éléments rares de type LCT sont depuis longtemps étudiées et exploitées pour leurs gemmes et les métaux rares qu’elles contiennent. Malgré de nombreuses études réalisées sur les processus d’enrichissement en éléments rares, ou les mécanismes à l’origine de leurs textures, très peu d’études ont été dédiées aux mécanismes de mise en place des pegmatites et à leur répartition spatiale à l’échelle du champ. Afin de déterminer les mécanismes moteurs à l’origine de l’ascension de ces magmas, une étude multidisciplinaire a été menée sur 3 champs de pegmatites à éléments rares, répartis à l’échelle de la chaîne Varisque. Les résultats démontrent la proximité entre la localisation des pegmatites minéralisées et l’intensité de la déformation encaissante. De plus, la mise en place de ces magmas semble facilitée par un certain mode de fracturation. La modélisation numérique de la mise en place des magmas dans ces zones crustales fragilisées indique que l’ascension est facilitée par leurs faibles viscosité et densité, mais aussi par des perméabilités crustales très élevées (> 10⁻¹² m²), à des profondeurs de l’ordre de 10 km. Enfin, d’après les signatures isotopiques du Li mesurées sur des micas pegmatitiques, le lithium ne fractionne pas depuis le granite voisin, jusqu’aux pegmatites les plus différenciées, puisque les valeurs δ⁷Li (‰) sont toutes comprises dans une gamme de - 2 à + 2 ‰, similaire à celle rencontrée dans les granites orogéniques. Nous suggérons donc que la genèse des magmas pegmatitiques est commune à celle des granites hyperalumineux. Les mécanismes de fracturation et d’attraction (« magma-pumping ») sont envisagés pour avoir favorisé l’ascension de ces magmas résiduels, enrichis en éléments rares, de faibles volumes, au cours de transitions brutales et de courtes durées (~ 10³ ans), de la perméabilité. L’ensemble de ces résultats permet de remettre en question le modèle du granite parent classiquement utilisé pour la prospection de ces gisements, et de proposer un modèle revisité couplant la genèse et la mise en place de ces magmas. / LCT-type rare-element pegmatites have long been studied and exploited for their gems and rare metals they contain. Despite many studies about the rare-element enrichment, or about the mechanisms leading their exotic textures, very few studies have been dedicated to the mechanisms controlling their emplacement and their spatial distribution at the scale of the pegmatite field. To better investigate the origin of ascent-driving mechanisms of these magmas, a multidisciplinary study was conducted on 3 rare-element pegmatite fields across the Variscan belt. The results demonstrate the spatial proximity of the rare-metals-rich pegmatites with the intensity of deformation of the hosting rocks. In addition, spatial statistical analyses suggest that the emplacement of such magmas has been facilitated by fracture-controlled model. According to numerical models, the rise of these pegmatite-forming melts along weakened crustal zones would be facilitated by their peculiar physico-chemical properties (low viscosity and density), but also by very high crustal permeability (> 10⁻¹² m²) at depths around 10 km. Finally, accordingly to Li isotope signatures measured on pegmatitic micas, lithium does not fractionate from neighbouring granite up to the more differentiated pegmatites, since all δ⁷Li (‰) fall within a range of - 2 to + 2 ‰, as for orogenic granites. Therefore, we suggest that the genesis these pegmatite-forming melts is common to that of peraluminous granites. Mechanisms of fracturation and magma-pumping may have favoured the rise of these low volumes of residual melts, enriched in rare-elements, during short periods (~ 10³ yrs) of strong permeability increase. These results question the granitic model commonly used for the exploration of this type of mineral deposits. We suggest a revisited model accounting for both genesis and emplacement controlling mechanisms of the pegmatite-forming melts.