Dissertation--Halle.

Thesis (PH.D.)--Columbia University, 1929. / Bibliography: p. 231-232.

Thesis (M.S.)--The University of North Carolina at Greensboro, 2008. / Directed by Sandra Shultz; submitted to the Dept. of Exercise and Sport Science. Title from PDF t.p. (viewed Aug. 27, 2009). Includes bibliographical references (p. 59-66).

Thesis (M.S.)--Michigan State University, 2005. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 78-80). Also available online (PDF file) by a subscription to the set or by purchasing the individual file.

Thesis (doctoral)--Rijksuniversiteit te Groningen.

Thesis (M.S.)--Michigan State University, 2005. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 78-80)

abstract: The bony pelvis is a pivotal component of the locomotor system, as it links the hindlimb with the trunk and serves as anchorage for the primary propulsive musculature. Its shape is therefore expected to be adapted to the biomechanical demands of habitual locomotor behavior. However, because the relationship between locomotor mechanics and pelvic morphology is not well understood, the adaptive significance of particular pelvic traits and overall pelvic shape remains unclear. This study used an integrative, dual approach to elucidate the relationship between form and function in the primate pelvis. A biomechanical cylinder model of pelvic stress resistance was tested using in vitro strain analysis of monkey and ape cadaver specimens. These results were used to refine adaptive hypotheses relating pelvic form to locomotor mechanics. Hypotheses of adaptation were then tested via univariate and geometric morphometric methods using a taxonomically broad, comparative sample of 67 primate taxa. These results suggest that the pelvis exhibits some iliac and ischial adaptations to stress resistance that are associated with the biomechanical demands of habitual locomotor loading and of body size. The ilium and ischium exhibit relatively low levels of strain during experimental loading as well as adaptations that increase strength. The pubis exhibits relatively high strains during loading and does not vary as predicted with locomotion. This integrated study clarifies the relationship between strain and adaptation; these results support the hypothesis that bones adapted to stress resistance exhibit low strains during typical loading. In general, the cylinder model of pelvic biomechanics is unsupported. While the predictions of loading regimes were generally rejected, the inability of these methods to test the possible occurrence of overlapping loading regimes precludes outright rejection of the cylinder model. However, the lack of support for predicted global responses to applied loading regimes suggests that pelvic stress resistance may be better explained by a model that accounts for local, functional subunits of pelvic structure. The coalescence of a localized model of pelvic biomechanics and comparative morphometrics has great potential to shed light on the evolution of the complex, multi-functional structure of the pelvis. / Dissertation/Thesis / Ph.D. Anthropology 2010

Many studies have examined pelvic sexual dimorphism and its functional implications in linear analyses, but few have used three-dimensional (3D) methods, which are ideal for complex structures such as the pelvis. This study examines human and ape os coxae using 3D geometric morphometrics (GM) to determine if patterns of sexual dimorphism relate to obstetrical and/or biomechanical requirements. Twenty-five 3D landmarks were collected on 35 human and 116 hominoid os coxae. Generalized Procrustes and principal component analyses were performed on combined and sex-specific species samples. Tests of male and female human os coxae demonstrate dimorphism in several pelvic traits related to increasing birth canal dimensions in females; females have a wider subpubic angle and greater sciatic notch than males, as well as a short ischial spine. Hominoids, however, did not exhibit sexual dimorphism in pelvic shape. These results confirm previous studies showing that human pelvic shape dimorphism is related to the obstetrical requirements of birthing a large fetus, rather than sexual dimorphism in locomotor biomechanics. Future 3D GM research on other primate species that have large neonates relative to maternal size may determine whether the primate pelvis exhibits similar patterns of response to obstetrical selection pressures as in humans.

Analisou-se pelves de 72 primatas neotropicais, adultos, 42 machos e 30 fêmeas não prenhes, da espécie Aotus azarai infulatus, para obtenção dos diâmetros pélvicos, in vivo, e compará-los com o dimorfismo sexual, correlacionando-os com a biometria corpórea e a origem dos animais. Mensurou-se nas radiografias em projeção ventro-dorsal, digitalizadas, os diâmetros biilíaco superior, biilíaco inferior, biilíaco médio, diagonal direito, diagonal esquerdo, sacro púbico e área da entrada da pelve. As médias verificadas foram: para o comprimento do corpo 30,94 cm; comprimento da cauda 35,63 cm; perímetro do tórax 18,97 cm; perímetro da pelve 17,11 cm e o peso 0,96 g. As médias verificadas para o DDD da pelve foram 2,61 cm; DDE 2,66 cm; DBIM 1,97 cm; DBIS 1,41 cm; DBII 1,58 cm; DSP 2,48 cm e a AEP 3,85 cm. Concluiu-se com o estudo que tendo sido verificados os diâmetros biilíaco médio menores do que os diâmetros sacro-púbico tanto nos machos quanto nas fêmeas, pode-se dizer a pelve de Aotus azarai infulatus é classificada como dolicopélvica e existe dimorfismo sexual em relação às pelves Aotus azarai infulatus adultos. / Related data to the diameters of the pelvis from 72 Neotropical primates, owl monkeys (Aotus azarai infulatus), 42 adult males and 30 adult non-pregnant females, were obtained in vivo by ventrodorsal projection radiographic exams, compared between sex and correlated with the measures of the body and their origin. The mean values of the body length (30.94 cm), tail length (35.63 cm), thoracic perimeter (18.97 cm), hip perimeter (17.11) and the weight (0.96 g) were verified. The radiographic images were digitalized and the superior biiliac (DBIS), inferior biiliac (DBII), medium biiliac (DBIM), right diagonal (DDD), left diagonal (DDE), sacrum-pubic diameters (DSP) and the inlet pelvic area (AEP) were measured. The mean values were DBIS 1.41 cm; DBII 1.58 cm; DBIM 1.97 cm; DDD 2.61 cm; DDE 2.66 cm; DSP 2.48 cm; AEP 3.85 cm. In conclusion, once medium biiliac diameters were minor than sacrum-pubic diameters in males and females, the pelvis from Aotus azarai infulatus can be classified as dolicopelvic and we also conclude there is pelvic sexual dimorphism in adult owl monkeys (Aotus azarai infulatus).

Title: Pelvis position in 3D space and its infuence of stages of pregnancy Summary: The aim of this master thesis is to evaluate changes of the pelvis position of women during pregnancy and if these changes influence the LBP during gravidity. The research is based on the summary of theoretical findings about the issue of changes during pregnancy which could be responsible for the LBP. The main topics of this part of thesis are anatomy and kinesiology of pelvis, functional vertebral disorders, LBP in gravidity, physiological and biomechanical changes during pregnancy, definition of 3D space with connection to human body and introduction of the 3D kinematic analysis. 10 (9) pregnant women in the age of 26-35 years was evaluated in 3rd , 5th and 8th month of gravidity. The pelvis position in 3D space was objectified with the Qualisys technology and the LBP and the PGP with subjective evaluation of the VAS. LBP was found in 7 of 10 and PGP in 3 of 10 evaluated pregnant women. Our findings show the tendency to the change of the pelvis position in the sagittal plane in the direction of the forward tilt. In our group of evaluated woman was found the connection between the absolute change of the pelvis position in the sagittal plane and the LBP and the PGP during pregnancy, but to define clear and...