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Theories of tactile localization ability are based largely on the study of crossing effects, in which crossing the hands leads to a significant impairment in performance. This work has resulted in a rich literature that establishes tactile localization as inherently multisensory in nature. However, new work suggests that the studies used to date have made incorrect assumptions about the processes underlying performance (Maij et al., 2020) and the perceptual information that is considered (Badde et al., 2019). This thesis proposes the addition of a new parameter to existing theory that allows for these new results to be incorporated into the existing literature—specifically, the influence of cognitive factors on performance. The Introduction provides an overview of the current state of the literature, as well as the novel findings that seem to contradict it. I then propose a framework that highlights the malleability of tactile localization. The empirical work focuses on previously unexplored cognitive influences on tactile localization performance. In Chapter 2 I demonstrate that visual imagery influences performance, and importantly, that individual differences in visual imagery ability influence imagery’s effect on performance. In Chapter 3 I demonstrate that an individual’s attentional set influences performance, and that results previously thought to be due to changes in perceptual signal are likely due to changes in attentional focus. In Chapter 4 I highlight the biases in theory and measurement practice that have limited our understanding of tactile localization more broadly. The General Discussion then provides a detailed discussion about how to incorporate the findings of this thesis with existing literature, which requires a paradigm shift to how we view tactile localization. / Dissertation / Doctor of Philosophy (PhD) / Our ability to localize tactile stimuli is critical to successfully interact with our environment: if we feel something crawling on us, we need to eliminate this unwanted visitor as quickly and accurately as possible. A large body of evidence suggests that tactile localization requires perceptual signals beyond the somatotopic information about where on your skin you feel the tactile stimulus. Just think about how much easier it is to swat at a bug on your arm when you can see it as well as feel it. In this thesis I provide novel empirical evidence that cognitive factors also influence our ability to engage in tactile localization, including visual imagery and attention. I then propose an update to existing theory that can account for the influence of these cognitive factors, alongside the traditional approach to the integration of perceptual signals such as vision.

Carl Rogers (1965) stated that "the organism reacts to the field as it is experienced and perceived. This perceptual field is, for the individual, 'reality 1 . 11 Thus, according to phenomenological theory, experience and perception determine reality and consequently behavior. The present study tests the assumption that perception is related to behavior. The validity of the a perception of violence task as a predictor of rated aggressive behavior is tested. Sex is included as an independent variable because no data are available on sex differences for perception of violence.

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