Spelling suggestions: "subject:"perfil socioeconomic?mice"" "subject:"perfil socioeconomic?mica""
1 |
Uso de probi?ticos no cultivo de Litopenaeus vannamei e aspectos sociais e ambientais da carcinicultura no litoral sul do Rio Grande do Norte, BrasilCosta, Aline Hor?cio da 27 January 2016 (has links)
Submitted by Automa??o e Estat?stica (sst@bczm.ufrn.br) on 2016-10-26T21:50:41Z
No. of bitstreams: 1
AlineHoracioDaCosta_DISSERT.pdf: 1775959 bytes, checksum: a0dc5dbdf2dd3269222319b8b154c66c (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Arlan Eloi Leite Silva (eloihistoriador@yahoo.com.br) on 2016-12-26T16:08:55Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1
AlineHoracioDaCosta_DISSERT.pdf: 1775959 bytes, checksum: a0dc5dbdf2dd3269222319b8b154c66c (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-12-26T16:08:55Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1
AlineHoracioDaCosta_DISSERT.pdf: 1775959 bytes, checksum: a0dc5dbdf2dd3269222319b8b154c66c (MD5)
Previous issue date: 2016-01-27 / A principal caracter?stica para que uma produ??o seja considerada sustent?vel ? assumir que a natureza ? finita, evitando-se desta forma o crescimento sem limites. A busca da sustentabilidade na carcinicultura tem sido uma preocupa??o constante dos ?rg?os ambientais. A utiliza??o de probi?ticos tem sido atualmente apontada como uma eficiente forma de tratamento da mat?ria org?nica presente na coluna d??gua e no solo dos viveiros, possibilitando a minimiza??o da utiliza??o de ?gua nos cultivos, que ? um dos requisitos fundamentais para tornar a carcinicultura ambientalmente respons?vel. Os probi?ticos tamb?m atuam como produto natural na profilaxia das enfermidades, promovendo um melhor crescimento dos organismos aqu?ticos cultiv?veis. Dessa forma, a primeira parte desta pesquisa teve como objetivo avaliar os efeitos de dois probi?ticos comerciais, de diferentes composi??es, sobre o potencial zoot?cnico e resist?ncia a estresse de larvas e p?s-larvas da esp?cie Litopenaeus vannamei cultivadas em escala comercial. A segunda parte investigou as pr?ticas de manejo adotadas pelos micro produtores de camar?o do litoral Sul do Rio Grande do Norte, caracterizando-se tamb?m os aspectos sociais e ambientais da carcinicultura percebidos por esses produtores. Na primeira fase, os cultivos da esp?cie Litopenaeus vannamei tiveram in?cio na fase larval (n?uplio V), com dura??o de 18 dias, quando foram submetidos a dois tratamentos: P1 - probi?tico um; P2 - probi?tico dois. As unidades experimentais consistiram em seis tanques de 15.000 L, com tr?s repeti??es para cada tratamento. Os probi?ticos foram aplicados diariamente conforme recomenda??o dos fabricantes, sendo os par?metros salinidade, temperatura, pH e oxig?nio dissolvido monitorados. As p?s-larvas submetidas ao P2 apresentaram valores m?dios maiores (p < 0,05) para comprimento (em PL 1 e PL 5), pesos ?mido e seco (em PL 5) e percentual de metamorfose (90%) em rela??o ao outro tratamento; as demais vari?veis n?o diferiram. As sobreviv?ncias finais foram 56,4% e 64,9% para p?s-larvas submetidas ao P1 e ao P2, respectivamente. Observou-se que o probi?tico 2 foi mais efetivo na melhoria dos par?metros bi?ticos. Na segunda fase, foram realizadas 27 entrevistas atrav?s de formul?rios semi-estruturados, com produtores do litoral Sul do Rio Grande do Norte. Constatou-se que 85,2% dos produtores s?o homens, com baixa taxa de analfabetismo (3,7%), com renda de 2 a 5 sal?rios m?nimos (44,4%) e que 22,2% t?m a carcinicultura como principal fonte de renda.
Verificou-se que menos de 50% receberam assist?ncia t?cnica no ?ltimo ano e poucas s?o as medidas de biosseguran?a adotadas pelos mesmos. Com rela??o ?s boas pr?ticas de manejo recomendadas pela Associa??o Brasileira de Produtores de Camar?o (ABCC), apenas 11,1% dos carcinicultores fazem uso de probi?ticos e essa vari?vel n?o possui rela??o com a renda mensal familiar ou ainda com as taxas de sobreviv?ncia obtidas nos cultivos. Pr?ticas de manejo como fertiliza??o da ?gua e calagem do solo, assim como questionamentos sobre a problem?tica ambiental tamb?m n?o apresentaram rela??o com a escolaridade, havendo um manejo homog?neo entre os entrevistados. As micro propriedades produtoras de camar?o, representativas da regi?o do litoral Sul do Rio Grande do Norte, apontam a necessidade de orienta??o e apoio do governo e da devida assist?ncia t?cnica para que possam implementar boas pr?ticas de manejo, de forma a se adequar ? carcinicultura respons?vel recomendada pela ABCC. / The main feature for a production to be considered sustainable is to assume that nature is finite, avoiding thus the unlimited growth. The search of the sustainability in shrimp farming has been a constant preoccupation of environmental agencies. The use of probiotics have been currently appointed as an efficient means of treating of the organic matter in the water column and ponds soil, allowing to minimize the use of water in farming, which is one of the fundamental requirements to make shrimp farming environmentally responsible. Probiotics also act as a natural product for prophylaxis of diseases, promoting better growth of the cultivable aquatic organisms. Thus, the first part of this research had purpose to evaluate the effects of two commercial probiotics, which different compositions, on the zootecnical potential and resistance to stress of larvae and post-larvae of the species Litopenaeus vannamei in commercial scale. The second part investigated management practices adopted by micro producers of shrimp in the southern coast Rio Grande do Norte, also characterize the social and environmental aspects of shrimp farming perceived by these producers. In the first phase, In the first phase, the cultivates of the species Litopenaeus vannamei began in the larval stage (nauplius V), with duration of 18 days, this time submitted for two treatments: P1 - probiotic one; P2 - two probiotic. The experimental units consisted of six tanks of 15,000 L, and each treatment had three repetitions. The probiotics were applied daily as recommended by the manufacturers, and the parameters salinity, temperature, pH and dissolved oxygen monitored. The post-larvae submitted to P2 had higher mean values (p <0.05) in length (in PL 1 and PL 5), wet and dry weights (PL 5) and metamorphosis percentage (90%) when compared to the other treatment; the other variables did not differ. The final survivals were 56.4% and 64.9% for postlarvae submitted to P1 and P2, respectively. It was observed that the probiotic 2 more effective in the improvement of the biotic parameters. In the second phase, 27 interviews were conducted through of semistructured questionnaires, with producers of the South coast of Rio Grande do Norte. It was found that 85.2% of the producers are men, with low illiteracy rate (3.7%), earning 2 to 5 minimum wages (44.4%) and 22.2% have shrimp farming as main source of income. It was found that less than 50% received technical assistance in the last year and few are the biosecurity measures adopted by them. With regard
to good management practices recommended by the Brazilian Association of Shrimp Farmers (ABCC), only 11.1% of shrimp farmers make to use of probiotics and this variable has no relationship with the monthly family income or with survival rates obtained in cultivation. Management practices such as water fertilizing and soil liming, as well as questions about the environmental problems also not associated with schooling, with a homogeneous management among interviewed. The micro properties producers of shrimp, representative of the region of the South coast of Rio Grande do Norte, point the need of guidance and support of the government and appropriate technical assistance to enable them to implement good management practices, in order to suit the shrimp responsible recommended by the ABCC.
|
2 |
Altera??es ambientais em Parelhas, Rio Grande do Norte: metais pesados em sedimentos de drenagens e percep??o de comunidades rurais em rela??o a mudan?as na paisagemAra?jo, Jane Azevedo de 01 March 2012 (has links)
Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T15:55:00Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1
JaneAA_DISSERT.pdf: 2586341 bytes, checksum: 1e3db2ecc22d866ec62f9b5fcd4aa87b (MD5)
Previous issue date: 2012-03-01 / The conservation of natural resources is essential and constitutes the main subject of
many researches, which characterize important aspects concerning the environmental
alterations in the ground, water, landscape and socioeconomic information. This study aimed
to investigate the anthropogenic input of heavy metals in the environment, in the area of the
Parelhas dump site and in part of the Serid? River and to determine the concentration of
heavy metals in the sediments. This can result in risk to the environment and human health. In
addition, we sought to establish the socioeconomic profile of rural communities adjacent to
Serid? River and to comprehend the perception of these dwellers about the changes in the
places they live. The area of this study is located in the city of Parelhas/RN, in the centralsouthern
part of the State, in the micro-region of the Oriental Serid?. This area comprehends
the place where the dump site is located, next to RN 086, the Caldeir?o dam, the Quintos river
called by local citizens Caldeir?o creek and part of Serid? river, perpetuated by the
Boqueir?o dam, which crosses the city and it includes the rural communities of Almas,
Domingas, Sussuarana II and Colonos. Regarding the study with bottom sediments, the
samples were collected and taken to the laboratory of geochemistry, where they were dried,
sieved, weighted and submitted to weak acid attack. The analysis of heavy metals was held by
Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer - Flame AAS. We applied 23 closed questionnaires
constituted by 38 questions to collect informations in the rural communities, oriented to
establish the socioeconomic profile and the environmental perception of the participants. The
participants were distributed in the communities of Almas (1), Domingas (2), Sussuarana II
(10) and Colonos (10). Most of them presented similar socioeconomic profiles. They are from
45 to 60 years old and live in these localities for 20 to 30 years or more. The families are
composed by 3 or 4 people; the agriculture is the main activity, livestock is the secondary and
48% of them earn the minimal wage. Regarding the environmental perception, the
participants can realize some changes in vegetation, soil, water and landscape. People living
longer in the community, and with more years of experience on the local reality can perceive
the depletion of the soil, pastures and changes in the landscape. These changes portray how
the place was previously and what it represents today. The perception of these changes,
besides the environmental ones, includes others concerning the increasing number of dwellers
in the last years, as well as the number of houses. The changes happened through activities
developed by the dwellers over the years, including agricultural practices, livestock, grass
planting and even the cultivation of cotton. The study provided the acquisition of new data
about the environmental reality of this region. It can subsidize the definition of public policies
that can be implemented from the perspective of conservation of water resources and of the
coexistence and survival of man in the semi-arid / A conserva??o dos recursos naturais ? essencial e constitui o objeto principal de v?rias
pesquisas, que caracterizam aspectos importantes concernentes ?s altera??es ambientais do
solo, da ?gua, na paisagem e informa??es socioecon?micas. Este estudo objetivou investigar o
aporte antropog?nico de metais pesados para o meio ambiente, na ?rea de influ?ncia do lix?o
do munic?pio de Parelhas e em um trecho do Rio Serid?, visando determinar a concentra??o
de metais pesados nos sedimentos, o que pode implicar em risco para o meio ambiente e a
sa?de humana. Al?m disso, buscou-se conhecer o perfil socioecon?mico dos moradores de
comunidades rurais adjacentes ao Rio Serid? e entender a percep??o destes moradores com
rela??o a mudan?as nos espa?os onde vivem. A ?rea do estudo situa-se no munic?pio de
Parelhas/RN localizado na Por??o Centro-sul do Estado, na Microrregi?o do Serid? Oriental.
A ?rea da pesquisa abrangeu o local onde se encontra o lix?o do munic?pio, situado ao lado da
RN 086, o A?ude Caldeir?o, o Rio Quintos denominado de Riacho Caldeir?o pelos
moradores locais e um trecho do Rio Serid?, importante rio perenizado pela Barragem
Boqueir?o, que corta o munic?pio e compreende ?s suas margens as comunidades rurais
Almas, Domingas, Sussuarana II e Colonos. No que se refere ao estudo com sedimentos das
drenagens, as amostras foram coletadas e levadas ao laborat?rio de geoqu?mica, onde foram
secas, peneiradas, pesadas e submetidas a ataque ?cido fraco. A leitura dos metais pesados foi
realizada por Espectrofot?metro de Absor??o At?mica AAS-CHAMA. Para coletar os
dados das comunidades rurais foram aplicados 23 question?rios constitu?dos de 38 perguntas
fixas, voltadas para o perfil socioecon?mico e percep??o ambiental dos participantes. Os
participantes foram distribu?dos nas comunidades Almas (1), Domingas (2), Sussuarana II
(10) e Colonos (10). A maioria dos entrevistados apresentou perfis socioecon?micos
semelhantes, residem no local de 20 a 30 anos, est?o na faixa et?ria de 45 e 60 anos ou mais;
as fam?lias s?o compostas de 3 a 4 pessoas, sendo a agricultura a atividade principal e a
pecu?ria a secundaria; 48% dos entrevistados ganham um sal?rio m?nimo. Com rela??o ?
percep??o ambiental dos entrevistados, estes conseguem perceber algumas mudan?as
ocorridas na vegeta??o, solo, ?gua, na paisagem. As pessoas com maior tempo de moradia na
comunidade e com mais anos de viv?ncia da realidade local podem perceber o desgaste do
solo, das pastagens, e as mudan?as na paisagem que retratam como o local era anteriormente e
o que hoje ele representa. A percep??o acerca das mudan?as, al?m das ambientais, inclui
outras concernentes ao aumento do n?mero de moradores e de resid?ncias. Essas mudan?as
ocorreram atrav?s de atividades desenvolvidas pelos residentes ao longo dos anos, as quais
incluem pr?ticas de agricultura, pecu?ria, plantio de capim e at? mesmo a cotonicultura. O
estudo propiciou a aquisi??o de novos dados sobre a realidade ambiental da regi?o, os quais
podem servir de subs?dio ? defini??o de pol?ticas p?blicas a serem implementadas sob a ?tica
da conserva??o dos recursos h?dricos, da conviv?ncia e sobreviv?ncia do homem no
semi?rido
|
Page generated in 0.0966 seconds